Status of water environment pollution in the Xixi Wetland and its ecological treatment countermeasures

In this paper,the water quality of the Xixi Wetland was evaluated and the characteristics of water pollution were described according to the survey data.Based on the status of water quality and its functional requirements as an urban wetland,biological-ecological countermeasures were suggested.The experimental use of ecological technologies,such as artificial wetlands,ecological aquiculture and artificial floating island,were done in several fish ponds in the Xixi Wetland.Water monitoring results show that the quality of the treated water has improved significantly and the measures to purify the eutrophic water in the wetland have been effective.     

Highly luminescent S,N co‐doped carbon quantum dots‐sensitized chemiluminescence on luminol–H2O2 system for the determination of ranitidine

S,N co‐doped carbon quantum dots (N,S‐CQDs) with super high quantum yield (79%) were prepared by the hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. N,S‐CQDs can enhance the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol–H₂O₂ system. The possible mechanism of the luminol–H₂O₂–(N,S‐CQDs) was illustrated by using chemiluminescence, photoluminescence and ultraviolet analysis. Ranitidine can quench the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol–H₂O₂–N,S‐CQDs system. So, a novel flow‐injection chemiluminescence method was designed to determine ranitidine within a linear range of 0.5–50 μg ml^?1 and a detection limit of 0.12 μg ml^?1. The method shows promising application prospects.     

Crumbs proteins stabilize the cone mosaics of photoreceptors and improve vision in zebrafish

Although the unique organization of vertebrate cone mosaics was first described long ago,both their underlying molecular basis and physiological significance are largely unknown.Here,we demonstrate that Crumbs proteins,the key regulators of epithelial apical polarity,establish the planar cellular polarity of photoreceptors in zebrafish.Via heterophilic Crb2a-Crb2b interactions,the apicobasal polarity protein Crb2b restricts the asymmetric planar distribution of Crb2a in photoreceptors.The planar polarized Crumbs proteins thus balance intercellular adhesions and tension between photoreceptors,thereby stabilizing the geometric organization of cone mosaics.Notably,loss of Crb2b in zebrafish induces a nearsightedness-like phenotype in zebrafish accompanied by an elongated eye axis and impairs zebrafish visual perception for predation.These data reveal a detailed mechanism for cone mosaic homeostasis via previously undiscovered apical-planar polarity coordination and propose a pathogenic mechanism for nearsightedness.     

菜用和观赏甘薯种质资源遗传多样性分析

为了发掘菜用和观赏甘薯优异种质资源,通过对国家种质徐州甘薯试管苗库中1000余份资源材料进行鉴定,筛选了96份优异种质。利用30对SSR引物对入选材料进行了遗传多样性和群体结构分析,明确了这些材料遗传差异;并对入选材料12个表型质量性状进行主成分和聚类分析。结果表明:扩增的总条带数为275条,其中多态性条带为269条,多态率97.8%;利用DPS软件计算入选材料间的Nei72遗传距离为0.15~0.76,平均遗传距离0.66;群体结构分为3个组群,与分子标记聚类结果相似,表明入选材料有较大的遗传差异性;表型质量性状主成分分析得到5个主要成分,其累计贡献率达到80.50%;利用表型质量性状,可聚为8个组群。本研究通过分子标记与表型质量性状分析为下一步杂交选育菜用和观赏甘薯新品种提供了亲本选择信息。     

昼间气象条件对城市道路绿化带空气净化效果的影响——以太原市为例

道路绿化带可以净化空气,改善道路环境,道路中的小气候条件会改变道路污染物扩散方式和速度,进而会影响到绿化带对污染物净化效果。气象条件对道路绿地对大气污染物净化效果影响的研究将有助于了解道路绿地的净化途径,为改善城市道路环境提供依据。对太原市18个道路绿地气象因子和5种主要污染物浓度进行了观测。结果表明:夏季,太原市城市道路内各气象要素之间存在一定的相关性,气温和地温正相关显著,空气相对湿度与地温及气温呈显著和极显著负相关。大部分情况下,有绿地非机动车道污染物平均浓度低于无绿地非机动车道对照点平均浓度,即道路绿地起到了对道路污染物的净化作用。道路绿地对污染物的净化百分率与气象因子存在显著的回归关系,并可以建立达到统计显著水平的回归方程,但不同污染物受不同的主导气象因子影响。气象条件会影响道路绿地对道路污染物的净化效果,今后的城市建设和道路绿地规划中应更多地考虑气象条件对绿地净化效果的影响。     

Complete genome sequence of an H10N8 avian influenza virus isolated from a live bird market in Southern China

An H10N8 avian influenza virus (AIV), designated A/Duck/Guangdong/E1/2012 (H10N8), was isolated from a duck in January 2012. This is first report that this subtype of AIV was isolated from a live bird market (LBM) in Guangdong Province in southern China. Furthermore, the complete genome of this strain was analyzed. The availability of genome sequences is helpful to further investigations of epidemiology and molecular characteristics of AIV in southern China.     

Dopamine Involved in the Nociceptive Modulation in the Parafascicular Nucleus of Morphine-Dependent Rat

Dopamine regulates pain perception in some areas of the central nervous system. Previously, we have confirmed that dopamine potentiated the electric activities of the evoked discharges of pain-excited neurons (PENs) and inhibited those of pain-inhibited neurons (PINs) in the parafascicular nucleus (Pfn) of normal rats. The mechanism of action of dopamine on pain-related neurons in the Pfn of morphine-dependent rat is still unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of dopamine and its receptor antagonist droperidol on the pain-evoked responses of the PEN and PIN in the Pfn of morphine-dependent rats, and to compare the effects between the morphine-dependent rat and the normal rat. The trains of electric impulses applied to the sciatic nerve were used as noxious stimulation. The discharges of PEN or PIN in the Pfn were recorded by using a glass microelectrode. The results showed that intra-Pfn microinjection of dopamine decreased the frequency of noxious stimulation-induced discharges of PEN and increased the frequency of PIN. The intra-Pfn administration of droperidol produced an opposite effect. These results demonstrated that dopamine is involved in nociceptive modulation in the morphine-dependent rat, the responses to noxious stimulation between normal rat and morphine-dependent rat are completely opposite. The effect of dopamine is through the dopamine D₂ receptor of PENs and PINs in Pfn. The results suggest that the dopamine system of the Pfn may become a therapeutic target for analgesia and the treatment of morphine dependence.     

Genome sequences of siphoviruses infecting marine Synechococcus unveil a diverse cyanophage group and extensive phage-host genetic exchanges

Investigating the interactions between marine cyanobacteria and their viruses (phages) is important towards understanding the dynamic of ocean's primary productivity. Genome sequencing of marine cyanophages has greatly advanced our understanding about their ecology and evolution. Among 24 reported genomes of cyanophages that infect marine picocyanobacteria, 17 are from cyanomyoviruses and six from cyanopodoviruses, and only one from cyanosiphovirus (Prochlorococcus phage P-SS2). Here we present four complete genome sequences of siphoviruses (S-CBS1, S-CBS2, S-CBS3 and S-CBS4) that infect four different marine Synechococcus strains. Three distinct subtypes were recognized among the five known marine siphoviruses (including P-SS2) in terms of morphology, genome architecture, gene content and sequence similarity. Our study revealed that cyanosiphoviruses are genetically diverse with polyphyletic origin. No core genes were found across these five cyanosiphovirus genomes, and this is in contrast to the fact that many core genes have been found in cyanomyovirus or cyanopodovirus genomes. Interestingly, genes encoding three structural proteins and a lysozyme of S-CBS1 and S-CBS3 showed homology to a prophage-like genetic element in two freshwater Synechococcus elongatus genomes. Re-annotation of the prophage-like genomic region suggests that S.?elongatus may contain an intact prophage. Cyanosiphovirus genes involved in DNA metabolism and replication share high sequence homology with those in cyanobacteria, and further phylogenetic analysis based on these genes suggests that ancient and selective genetic exchanges occurred, possibly due to past prophage integration. Metagenomic analysis based on the Global Ocean Sampling database showed that cyanosiphoviruses are present in relatively low abundance in the ocean surface water compared to cyanomyoviruses and cyanopodoviruses.     

Can the Study of Natural Vegetation Succession Assist in the Control of Soil Erosion on Abandoned Croplands on the Loess Plateau,China?

In the Loess Plateau, China, arable cultivation of slope lands is common and associated with serious soil erosion. Planting trees or grass may control erosion, but planted species may consume more soil water and can threaten long‐term ecosystem sustainability. Natural vegetation succession is an alternative ecological solution to restore degraded land, but there is a time cost, given that the establishment of natural vegetation, adequate to prevent soil erosion, is a longer process than planting. The aims of this study were to identify the environmental factors controlling the type of vegetation established on abandoned cropland and to identify candidate species that might be sown soon after abandonment to accelerate vegetation succession and establishment of natural vegetation to prevent soil erosion. A field survey of thirty‐three 2 × 2–m plots was carried out in July 2003, recording age since abandonment, vegetation cover, and frequency of species together with major environmental and soil variables. Data were analyzed using correspondence analysis, classification tree analysis, and species response curves. Four vegetation types were identified and the data analysis confirmed the importance of time since abandonment, total P, and soil water in controlling the type of vegetation established. Among the dominant species in the three late‐successional vegetation types, the most appropriate candidates for accelerating and directing vegetation succession were King Ranch bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum) and Lespedeza davurica (Leguminosae). These species possess combinations of the following characteristics: tolerance of low water and nutrient availability, fibrous root system and strong lateral vegetative spread, and a persistent seed bank.