Reproductive biology of guitar,Rhinobatos hynnicephalus

Synopsis Reproductive biology of the guitarfish,Rhinobatos hynnicephalus, from Xiamen coastal waters is described. Males have two functional testes. Spermatogenic cells in different seminiferous follicles are at different developmental stages while those in the same follicle are at the same stage. The development of claspers suggests that males mature at 380–400 mm TL. Females mature at 390–440mm TL. Both ovaries are functional. The first generation of ovarian eggs reach mature size when 22–24mm in diameter in April or May. The subsequent crop of eggs is ready for ovulation when the intrauterine embryos reach full term. The guitarfish is aplacentally viviparous. Longitudinal folds were observed on the internal wall of the uterus. Gestation takes one year and parturition takes place in June or July. Fecundity ranges from 2 to 9, with the large females usually being more fecund. Of 29 embryos ranging from 52–157mm TL, there were 15 females and 14 males indicating an embryonic sex ratio 1:1.     

Avicularin alleviates acute liver failure by regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathways to reduce inflammation and ferroptosis

Acute liver failure (ALF) is an inflammation-mediated hepatocyte death process associated with ferroptosis. Avicularin (AL), a Chinese herbal medicine, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the protective effect of AL and the mechanism on ALF have not been reported. Our in vivo results suggest that AL significantly alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatic pathological injury, liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and iron levels and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (malondialdehyde and glutathione). Our further in vitro experiments demonstrated that AL suppressed inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via blocking the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Moreover, AL attenuated ferroptosis in D-GalN-induced HepG2 cells by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway. Therefore, AL can alleviate inflammatory response and ferroptosis in LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF, and its protective effects are associated with blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and activating Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway. Moreover, AL is a promising therapeutic option for ALF and should be clinically explored.     

尖孢镰孢一新硝酸盐营养突变类型与营养体亲和性

从73个尖孢镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)不同专化型菌株上获得684个硝酸盐营养突变株(nit mutant)。作相关氮源利用试验及亚硝酸反应后,鉴定出一新硝酸盐营养突变类型:亚硝酸盐还原酶结构基因类型,命名为nit8,占总突变株的6.7%。同时被鉴别的还有nit1、nit3和Nit M三种突变类型,它们分别占突变株总数的81.0%,3.8%和8.5%。此外,首次引入一种亚硝酸反应在这类研究中的应用,还提出了互补指数概念与公式来表示nit突变株营养体之间亲和的能力。     

Effects of compound sodium nitrophenol on microspore embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee)

Isolated microspore culture has been implemented in breeding programs to produce doubled haploid (DH) lines and thus accelerates the breeding process. However, low microspore embryogenesis frequency in flowering Chinese cabbage remains a key obstacle to the practical application of this technique. This study aimed to establish an efficient microspore culture protocol for flowering Chinese cabbage that would be applied for heterosis breeding. Microspores of five genotypes, 19AY05, 19AY06, 19AY10, 19AY12, and 19AY15, were successfully induced to produce embryos in NLN-13 medium. Microspores of two genotypes, 19AY05 and 19AY15, were cultivated in NLN-13 medium supplemented with different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg·L⁻¹) of compound sodium nitrophenol (sodium nitrophenol, 5-nitrophenol) to enhance microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration without an intervening callus phase. The results showed that 0.05 ~ 0.1 mg· L⁻¹ sodium nitrophenol and 0.01 ~ 0.2 mg· L⁻¹ of 5-nitrophenol significantly promoted the induction of microspore embryogenesis of two genotypes, and the best concentrations required for different genotypes are different. Moreover, 0.1 mg· L⁻¹ sodium nitrophenol can significantly increase the plant regeneration rate of the two genetypes. The 5-nitrophenol at 0.01 mg·L⁻¹ significantly increased rate of embryos directly convert to plant in 19AY15. In addition, the average doubled haploid rates in the five genotypes were close to 63%. Horticultural traits of DH lines from 19AY05 were identified and all of them were self-incompatible lines. They showed a high uniformity and consistency that can be directly used for hybrid breeding. Furthermore, the hybrid combination was prepared with the selected DH lines and the Guangdong nucleus genic sterile line GMS019 to screen the excellent hybrid combination for the flowering Chinese cabbage breeding program. This method accelerates the application of microspore culture in hybrid breeding of flowering Chinese cabbage.

     

催产时鳝卵磷酸酶活性的变化及其与排卵的关系

本实验采用Gomori组织化学法和磷酸苯二钠法,分别检测黄鳝卵ALP、ACP的细胞定位和活性变化。结果表明,催产后72h,ALP活性显著高于临近注射时(Oh),催产后48h和96h(p<0.05);临产前(催产后96h),ACP活性极显著高于试验组其它各时程(p<0.01)。提示ALP和ACP活性增强与卵母细胞成熟、排放有直接关系。本研究为探索排卵机制提供资料。     

抑制CD36与Nogo-B表达抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖与迁移

分化聚类36（cluster of differentiation 36,CD36）是一种位于细胞表面的膜蛋白受体,可以结合并转运脂肪酸。内质网膜蛋白4B （Nogo-B）在肝脏中调控脂肪酸代谢而影响肝癌的发展。目前并不清楚CD36和Nogo-B的相互作用是否能够影响乳腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移。本研究在三阴性乳腺癌（triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC）细胞中同时干预CD36与Nogo-B的表达来探索它们对细胞增殖与迁移的影响。结果表明在三阴性乳腺癌细胞中,单独抑制CD36或Nogo-B的表达都能够抑制细胞的增殖与迁移;同时抑制CD36与Nogo-B的表达时,这种抑制效果更加明显,且Vimentin、B细胞淋巴瘤-2（B-cell lympoma-2,BCL2）和增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）的表达受到抑制。在小鼠移植瘤模型中,E0771细胞转染CD36或Nogo-B的siRNA后成瘤能力降低;同时敲减CD36和Nogo-B时,肿瘤生长速度显著减慢。机制研究发现,抑制CD36和Nogo-B表达能够抑制脂肪酸结合蛋白4（fatty acid binding protein 4,FABP4）和脂肪酸转运蛋白4（fatty acid transport protein 4,FATP4） mRNA的含量,同时CD36和Nogo-B过表达刺激的细胞增殖被FABP4的siRNA降低,预示着抑制乳腺癌细胞中CD36与Nogo-B的表达可能通过抑制脂肪酸的吸收和转运而抑制细胞的生长和迁移。此外,抑制CD36与Nogo-B的表达可激活P53-P21-Rb信号通路,参与抑制CD36与Nogo-B表达而抑制的细胞增殖与迁移。本研究证明同时抑制CD36和Nogo-B的表达能够协同抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移,为临床抗三阴性乳腺癌药物的开发提供了新的靶点。