PALM成像中激光强度和定位精度相关性的研究

近十年来,基于单分子定位的PALM成像技术快速发展,将显微镜的分辨率提高到了2-25nm。本文发现PALM成像过程中采用的激发光强度与成像的定位精度之间有密切的联系。我们分别选择了PALM成像使用的光激活荧光蛋白、光转换荧光蛋白和光开关荧光蛋白中最常用的荧光蛋白进行验证。实验发现伴随激光强度的增加,大部分荧光蛋白的光子数先升高然后趋于饱和,背景噪声几乎线性升高。进一步分析发现荧光蛋白的定位误差随着激光强度增强先降低后升高,因此选用合适的激光强度在PALM成像实验中至关重要。如何提高PALM成像的分辨率一直是科学家研究的热点,本研究内容可以指导研究人员在PALM成像中选用合适的激发光强度,从而得到高分辨率的图像。     

耻垢分枝杆菌宿主整合因子(IHF)对DNA拓扑结构的影响

结核分枝杆菌(Mycobaterium tuberculosis)是结核病的病原菌,每年导致数百万人死亡.对于分枝杆菌基本生物学特性的研究有助于新的药物及治疗手段的研发.耻垢分枝杆菌(M.smegmatis)是分枝杆菌属中的一种非致病菌,与结核分枝杆菌亲缘关系较近,是实验室常用的研究分枝杆菌的模式菌种.分枝杆菌主要编码三种染色质蛋白,类组蛋白HU、Lsr2和宿主整合因子IHF.为研究IHF在染色体包装中的作用,我们在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化了耻垢分枝杆菌IHF蛋白(MsIHF),并对其影响DNA拓扑结构的性质进行了系统分析.体外研究的结果表明,MsIHF以同二聚体的形式存在,其对负超螺旋DNA具有一定的结合偏好性,同时,该蛋白可以有效地固定DNA负超螺旋.进一步的研究表明,MsIHF可以调控拓扑异构酶的活性.MsIHF的结合明显地抑制拓扑异构酶Ⅰ的松弛活性,而与此相反,该蛋白可以轻微地促进旋转酶引入DNA负超螺旋的能力.以上结果提示,MsIHF可能通过调控拓扑异构酶的活性影响染色体DNA的结构,进而调控其包装.     

血红素氧合酶-1对心肌相对缺血/再灌注损伤的延迟保护作用

目的：探讨血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）在运动预适应（EP）中对大鼠心肌相对缺血/再灌注（rI/R）损伤的延迟保护作用。方法：40只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组：正常对照组（CN）、相对缺血/再灌注组（IR）、运动预适应＋相对缺血/再灌注组（EI）、Hemin（HO-1诱导剂）＋相对缺血/再灌注组（HE）和运动预适应＋ZnPP（HO-1抑制剂）＋相对缺血/再灌注组（EZ）。测定大鼠再灌注期心率脉压乘积（PRP）、冠脉流出液MDA含量、HO-1活性等。结果：心肌HO-1活性：EI组和HE组较IR组显著升高,EZ组则显著降低。EZ组较EI组显著降低,EI组和HE组间亦有显著性差异。再灌注后60 min时间点PRP恢复率：EI组较IR组显著增高;IR组与HE组未见显著性差异,但30min时间点HE组显著增高;EZ组较EI组显著降低。冠脉流出液MDA含量：EI组、EZ组和HE组MDA含量较IR组皆显著降低;EZ组较EI组显著升高。结论：EP可以诱导HO-1合成,进而通过HO-1对24 h后发生的rI/R损伤产生延迟保护作用。     

Effect of atorvastatin on expression of IL-10 and TNF-α mRNA in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) is associated with an intense inflammatory reaction, which may lead to myocyte injury. Because statins protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via a mechanism unrelated to cholesterol lowering, we hypothesized that the protective effect of statins was related to the expression of TNF-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA. Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: sham, I/R and I/R + atorvastatin. Atorvastatin (20 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) treatment was administered daily via oral gavage to rats for 2, 7 or 14 days. Ischemia was induced via a 30-min coronary occlusion. Reperfusion was allowed until 2, 7 or 14 days while atorvastatin treatment continued. We measured infarct size, hemodynamics and the plasma levels and the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-10 in the three groups. We demonstrated that the up-regulation of expression of both TNF-α mRNA and IL-10 mRNA was associated the increased plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium compared with that in the sham group (P < 0.01). Atorvastatin treatment prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced up-regulation of both TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA, and improved left ventricular function (P < 0.01). Our findings suggested that atorvastatin may attenuate MI/R and better recovery of left ventricle function following ischemia and reperfusion and IL-10 was not directly likely involved in this protective mechanism.     

丛枝菌根真菌修复农药污染土壤的潜力分析

<正>我国每年施用80-100多万吨化学农药(周春梅2001),主要是有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类。例如,有机磷农药年用量约20万吨,其中剧毒     

Comparative study on in vitro stationary culture system or superfusion culture system of cow mammary tissue]

Dairy cow mammary tissue was cultured in superfusion system or stationary system, and the influence of these two methods in the activity and ultrastructure of tissue was investigated according to LDH vigor, trypan blue dying, agrose gel electrophoresis, transmission microscope observation. The results showed that the mammary tissue cultured in superfusion system could keep normal tissue activity and ultrastructure within 12-60 h in DMEM plus 10% calf serum, while mammary tissue stationary culture could keep normal tissue activity and ultrastructure within 60-108 h. Both culture systems had some advantages and disadvantages.     

Catalpol protects dopaminergic neurons from LPS-induced neurotoxicity in mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, are pivotal in the inflammatory reaction. Activated microglia can induce expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and release significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-alpha, which can damage the dopaminergic neurons. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, contained richly in the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa, was found to be neuroprotective in gerbils subjected to transient global cerebral ischemia. But the effect of catalpol on inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration has not been examined. In this study, microglia in mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the aim of the study was to examine whether catalpol could protect dopaminergic neurons from LPS-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that catalpol significantly reduced the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNF-alpha and NO after LPS-induced microglial activation. Further, catalpol attenuated LPS-induced the expression of iNOS. As determined by immunocytochemical analysis, pretreatment by catalpol dose-dependently protected dopaminergic neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity. These results suggest that catalpol exerts its protective effect on dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting microglial activation and reducing the production of proinflammatory factors. Thus, catalpol may possess therapeutic potential against inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.     

鲍姆木层孔菌多糖对HepG2细胞增殖及侵袭相关能力的抑制作用

证实了鲍姆木层孔菌多糖对肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞增殖及侵袭的抑制作用。鲍姆木层孔菌提取物经乙醇分级沉淀和DEAE-Sepharoes F.F.离子柱层析以及Sephacryl S-200凝胶柱层析纯化,获得均一多糖PLP60-B1,该多糖具有体外活性。MTT法及流式细胞仪技术证实多糖PLP60-B1通过致使HepG2细胞阻滞于S期而显著抑制HepG2细胞的增殖和细胞集落的形成,且也可显著抑制细胞的粘附及侵袭能力。