Phylogenetic relationship of medicinally importantCnidium officinale and Japanese Apiaceae based onrbcL sequences

Cnidium officinale Makino is important medicinally and economically, but its origin is uncertain. The phylogenetic relationship ofC. officinale is provided from the analyses based on the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxgenase gene (rbcL) sequences of 41 species which represent the 34 genera of Aplaceae, the four genera of Araliaceae, and one genus each of Pittosporaceae, Cornaceae, and Caprifoliaceae. The strict consensus tree obtained supports a close relationship ofC. officinale to the Chinese members ofLigusticum, especially toL. chuanxiong. Additionally, the tree shows (1) polyphyly of the genusLigusticum and (2) monophyly of the subfamily Apioideae. Within Apioideae, we recognized some groups in our phylogenetic tree. The grouping is discordant in several respects with the traditional tribal divisions based mainly on fruit morphology.     

甜菜碱醛脱氢酶在菠菜叶细胞中的定位

将菠菜叶片匀浆后．用差速离心和梯度率心分离叶绿体、过氧物酶体、微粒体等细胞器和１０００００×ｇ上清法部分。用酶活测定法测定各部分甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（ＢＡＤＨ）的活性;用免疫扩散法鉴定各组分的ＢＡＤＨ。除叶绿体外,过氧物酶体、微粒体．以及１０００００×ｇ上清液中也存在ＢＡＤＨ。     

方差组分估计方法MIVQUE和REML的模拟比较

利用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法,对４种数据结构进行了ＭＩＶＱＵＥ和ＲＥＭＬ两种方差组分估计方法的模拟比较。方差组分估计所用的模型为奶牛育种中常用的公畜模型,它包括场年季固定效应、公牛组固定效应和公牛随机效应。４种数据结构中最大的有１２８４７个观察值,场年季效应和公牛效应水平数分别为７７８和４７,它与北京市目前可利用的奶牛头胎产奶量记录资料相当。最小的数据结构只有２００个观察值,１４８个场年季和２０头公牛。比较指标为估计值的偏差和方差（理论的或根据１０００次重复模拟所得的经验值）。结果表明,对于较大样本的数据结构,两种方法差异很小,它们间的估计值的相关接近于１,偏差小于真值的１％,方差近似相等。对于较小样本的数据结构,ＭＩＶＱＵＥ则明显优于ＲＥＭＬ。本研究还表明,对于ＲＥＭＬ来说,类似数据结构１的样本已能满足其渐近无偏性和有效性的大样本特性。     

乙肝病毒PreSl片段与乙肝表面抗原羧端的融合表达

我们利用聚合酶链反应法（ＰＣＲ）得到了编码乙肝病毒肝细胞受体结合位点ＰｒｅＳｌ（２１￣４７）的基因片段,并将它分别融合到Ｓ基因中相应于第１７５,１８８和２２３位氨基酸残基处。所得到的融合基因插入痘苗病毒表达载体ｐＧＪＰ－５后,在哺乳动物细胞ＣＶ－１中进行了暂时表达,对融合蛋白的表达、分泌和抗原性的研究表明,３种融合基因均能表达具有Ｓ和ＰｒｅＳｌ双重抗原性的融合蛋白,但融合位点对表达水平和分泌性质有     

FIBONACCI级数与菊花结构规律的研究

本文论证了菲波纳斯（Fibonacci）级数与菊花花冠结构的关系,发现了花冠的通用数学模式：花冠（数目）＝（5×倍数）十F_n（F_(n－1)＋F_(n-2)）     

昆虫核酸分子系统学研究进展

本文从研究对象、方法、类群、内容等方面综述了近十年来昆虫核酸分子系统学研究进展概况。文中首先介绍了ＲＦＬＰＡ、探针杂交及ＤＮＡ指纹、ＰＣＲ与ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ、顺序分析方法及应用情况,列举了在双翅目、膜翅目、同翅目、直翅目等目昆虫中的研究进展,并从居群遗传结构、分类学研究、系统发育和分子进化４个方面总结了昆虫核酸分子系统学的研究内容和主要成果,最后指出ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ与ＲＦＬＰ联合用于测序是近期昆虫分子系统学上最有应用价值的方法。     

根霉超氧化物歧化酶同工酶类型的鉴别

利用ＫＣＮ、Ｈ_２Ｏ２和ＳＤＳ的选择性反应引起的ＳＯＤ同工酶谱带变化即可鉴别粗抽提液中的ＳＯＤ同工酶类型;用这种方法对五株不同种根霉的鉴别实验表明,它们均不同程度地含有Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ型和Ｍｎ型两种ＳＯＤ,前者约占８０％左右,后者只占２０％左右。用邻苯三酚自氧化法对样品中ＳＯＤ活性测定结果与在同工酶谱上的鉴别结果基本一致。     

Inhibition of rabbit sperm acrosomal enzymes by gossypol

The effect of gossypol on the activities of 10 acrosomal enzymes of the rabbit sperm was evaluated. Acrosin, Azocoll proteinase, neuraminidase, and arylsulfatase were significantly inhibited or completely inactivated by 12–76 μM gossypol. Hyaluronidase, β-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase were inhibited only at a higher concentration of gossypol (380 μM). Phospholipase C, alkaline phosphatase, and β-N-Acetyl glucosaminidase were not inhibited even at 380 μM gossypol. Gossypol was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of arylsulfatase with a Ki of 120 μM. The inhibition was reversible and dose-dependent. As the acrosomal enzymes were more sensitive to the inhibition by gossypol compared to sperm enzymes involved in glycolysis or energy production, these assays may serve as a more reliable indicator for monitoring the occurence of gossypol-induced sterility. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Analysis of RIM11, a yeast protein kinase that phosphorylates the meiotic activator IME1.

Many yeast genes that are essential for meiosis are expressed only in meiotic cells. Known regulators of early meiotic genes include IME1, which is required for their expression, and SIN3 and UME6, which prevent their expression in nonmeiotic cells. We report here the molecular characterization of the RIM11 gene, which we find is required for expression of several early meiotic genes. A close functional relationship between RIM11 and IME1 is supported by two observations. First, sin3 and ume6 mutations are epistatic to rim11 mutations; prior studies have demonstrated their epistasis to ime1 mutations. Second, overexpression of RIM11 can suppress an ime1 missense mutation (ime1-L321F) but not an ime1 deletion. Sequence analysis indicates that RIM11 specifies a protein kinase related to rat glycogen synthase kinase 3 and the Drosophila shaggy/zw3 gene product. Three partially defective rim11 mutations alter residues involved in ATP binding or catalysis, and a completely defective rim11 mutation alters a tyrosine residue that corresponds to the site of an essential phosphorylation for glycogen synthase kinase 3. Immune complexes containing a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged RIM11 derivative, HA-RIM11, phosphorylate two proteins, p58 and p60, whose biological function is undetermined. In addition, HA-RIM11 immune complexes phosphorylate a functional IME1 derivative but not the corresponding ime1-L321F derivative. We propose that RIM11 stimulates meiotic gene expression through phosphorylation of IME1.