人粒细胞集落刺激因子（hG－CSF）cDNA3′－UTR对其表达的影响

利用人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ）ｃＤＮＡ３′端非翻译区（３′－ＵＴＲ）中存在的ＤｒａⅠ酶切位点,通过部分酶切与完全酶切,删除３′－ＵＴＲ不同长度,构建了四种ｈＧ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ瞬时重组表达质粒。转染ＣＯＳ－７细胞后,生物活性测定结果提示,ｈＧ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ３′－ＵＴＲ对其表达起负调控作用,其关键性序列位于紧接终止密码子ＴＧＡ下游的６５ｂｐ范围内,３′－ＵＴＲ对ｈＧ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ表达的影响与转录水平的差别有一定关系。     

Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Black Ginseng

In recent years, black ginseng, a new type of processed ginseng product, has attracted the attention of scholars globally. Ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide, the main active substances of black ginseng, have been shown to carry curative effects for many diseases. This article focuses on the mechanism of their action in anti-inflammatory response, which is mainly divided into three aspects: activation of immune cells to exert immune regulatory response; participation in inflammatory response-related pathways and regulation of the expression level of inflammatory factors; effect on the metabolic activity of intestinal flora. This study identifies active anti-inflammatory components and an action mechanism of black ginseng showing multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel characteristics, providing ideas and a basis for a follow-up in-depth study of its specific mechanism.     

EFFECTS OF HELPER PROTEINS ENCODED BY p19 AND orf1-orf2 GENES ON Cyt1Aa PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN ACRYSTALLIFEROUS STRAIN OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

A series of plasmids were constructed to examine the effects of p19 and orf1‐orf2 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis on Cyt1Aa synthesis and inclusion formation. The plasmids expressed the cyt1Aa gene along with either p19 or orf1‐orf2, or each of them coordinatively with p20 in the acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 4Q7. No effect on the expression of Cyt1Aa protein was found when P19 or Orf1‐Orf2 co‐expressed with Cyt1Aa. However, when including p20 gene, the constructs with p19 or orf1‐orf2 gene produced lower yield of Cyt1Aa proteins than without p19 or orf1‐orf2 gene. Electron microscopy observation and bioassay showed that P19 and Orf1‐Orf2 have no influence on the crystal size and toxicity of Cyt1Aa protein. It is presumed that P19 and Orf1‐Orf2 might have negative effects on Cyt1Aa synthesis in B. thuringiensis.     

中药固真方对一些与细胞增殖有关基因表达的影响

 中药固真方对一些与细胞增殖有关基因表达的影响姚明忠,顾文聪,丁卫,韩志芬,杜国光（上海中医药大学生物化学教研室,上海２０００３２）（北京医科大学生物化学与分子生物学系,北京１０００８３）中药固真方（ＶＲＦ）具有补肾益精、延缓衰老的作用［１］．能提高成...     

Desensitization of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor: evidence for heterogeneity of calcium release channels.

Ca release channels from the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes of rabbit skeletal muscle were incorporated into the lipid bilayer membrane, and the inactivation kinetics of the channel were studied at large membrane potentials. The channels conducting Cs currents exhibited a characteristic desensitization that is both ligand and voltage dependent: 1) with a test pulse to -100 mV (myoplasmic minus luminal SR), the channel inactivated with a time constant of 3.9 s; 2) the inactivation had an asymmetric voltage dependence; it was only observed at voltages more negative than -80 mV; and 3) repetitive tests to -100 mV usually led to immobilization of the channel, which could be recovered by a conditioning pulse to positive voltages. The apparent desensitization was seen in approximately 50% of the experiments, with both the native Ca release channel (in the absence of ryanodine) and the ryanodine-activated channel (1 microM ryanodine). The native Ca release channels revealed heterogeneous gating with regard to activation by ATP and binding to ryanodine. Most channels had high affinity to ATP activation (average open probability (po) = 0.55, 2 mM ATP, 100 microM Ca), whereas a small portion of channels had low affinity to ATP activation (po = 0.11, 2 mM ATP, 100 microM Ca), and some channels bound ryanodine faster (< 2 min), whereas others bound much slower (> 20 min). The faster ryanodine-binding channels always desensitized at large negative voltages, whereas those that bound slowly did not show apparent desensitization. The heterogeneity of the reconstituted Ca release channels is likely due to the regulatory roles of other junctional SR membrane proteins on the Ca release channel.     

Health in China. From Mao to market reform.

After the Liberation by Mao Ze Dong''s Communist army in 1949, China experienced massive social and economic change. The dramatic reductions in mortality and morbidity of the next two decades were brought about through improvements in socioeconomic conditions, an emphasis on prevention, and almost universal access to basic health care. The economic mismanagement of the Great Leap Forward brought about a temporary reversal in these positive trends. During the Cultural Revolution there was a sustained attack on the privileged position of the medical profession. Most city doctors were sent to work in the countryside, where they trained over a million barefoot doctors. Deng Xiao Ping''s radical economic reforms of the late 1970s replaced the socialist system with a market economy. Although average incomes have increased, the gap between rich and poor has widened.     

The use of rotating disk voltammetry for the determination of homogeneous small molecule--redox protein reaction rates

Rotating disk voltammetry was used in this work to study the rates of reaction of ferricytochrome c with two very strong reductants, methyl and benzyl viologen. The rates of reaction for these reductants were found to be 4.0 × 10⁷ and 5.4 × 10⁷m^?1s^?1 at 24°C for benzyl and methyl viologen, respectively. The versatility of this method was demonstrated by the ease with which the activation parameters were obtained. The ΔH^≠ and ΔS^≠ were found to be 4.0 kcal/mol and ?10.6 cal/mol-K, respectively, for benzyl viologen. All the observed reaction rates were corrected for coulombic effects by the method of Wherland and Gray, and the electrostatically corrected rate constants were compared with the Marcus and Hopfield theories for electron transfer. The agreement was excellent for the tunneling theory but there were some discrepancies with the absolute Marcus theory. The relative Marcus approach worked quite well and, by taking into account the nonadiabaticity of the electron transfer, reasonable values were obtained for the absolute Marcus theory when realistic values of the self-exchange constants were used.     

Metabolism of prostaglandins in spontaneously hypertensive rats: NAD"-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity is decreased in kidney and increased in lung.

Renal, pulmonary and gastric NAD⁺-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activities were determined in both spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats at 6 and 12 weeks of age. Renal enzyme activity in hypertensive rats was only 30–40% of that present in normotensive controls at both ages. In contract, pulmonary enzyme activity in hypertensive animals was twice as active as that in normal controls. There was no significant difference in gastric enzyme activity. NAD⁺-dependent 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of vasoinactive PGF metabolites to PGE metabolites, also failed to show any difference in two types of rat kidneys. The results indicate that, in hypertension, prostaglandin inactivation is impaired in kidney but is facilitated in lung.