环丙沙星在异育银鲫(Allogynogenetic crucian)体内的积累分布及其毒性效应

采用模拟水生态系统研究了环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin,CPFX)在异育银鲫(Allogynogenetic crucian)体内的积累和分布动态,并测定了异育银鲫体内Ⅰ相、Ⅱ相代谢酶活性的响应.结果表明,饲料暴露、水体暴露和混合暴露3种不同给药方式对CPFX在异育银鲫的体内积累趋势有明显影响,在饲料给药暴露方式中CPFX在鱼体内脏、肌肉中的残留量远高于水体给药暴露.3种不同给药方式暴露下,CPFX在异育银鲫内脏和肌肉中的积累趋势大致相同,暴露初期吸收较快,并且很快达到峰值.随暴露时间延长,CPFX在鱼体内含量逐渐下降.在CPFX暴露初期,异育银鲫体EROD酶活性受到抑制,暴露45d后,3种暴露方式异育银鲫EROD活性均恢复到暴露前水平.异育银鲫GST酶活性受到CPFX的诱导,3种不同给药方式均导致GST活性增加,并且表现出滞后响应.暴露初期不同处理组GSH含量均有下降.但随暴露时间延长,异育银鲫体内GSH受到诱导,在暴露后期又恢复至暴露前水平.     

农药残留检测用植物酯酶的筛选

基于酶法分析中的酶抑制原理,通过对8种植物种子及2种植物加工材料总酯酶活力及其比活力进行比较,筛选农药残留检测用适宜的植物酯酶。结果显示,花豇豆总酯酶活力和比活力分别达7.325 U和0.617 U/mg,显著高于其它9个实验材料。用花豇豆酯酶对6种有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药——敌敌畏、辛硫磷、敌百虫、速灭威、克百威、灭多威进行敏感性分析,最低检测限均比国家规定的最大残留量小,符合检测要求。结果表明,花豇豆的酯酶总活力、比活力及其敏感性最好,是一种农药残留检测的理想酶源植物。     

新疆地区小麦白粉病菌寄主范围的研究

用小麦白粉病菌11个生理小种的混合菌种,对新疆地区的小麦近缘植物的7个属22个种的47份材料进行接种,除6份免疫外,其余均接种成功.用其中6个属19个种的29份小麦近缘植物产生的白粉病菌,对小麦回接,参试的29份材料全部回接成功.小麦白粉病菌对小麦近缘植物的寄生像在小麦上一样,有明显的寄生专化性.感病的小麦近缘植物的78.0%对小麦白粉病菌的感病性,随生育期增长而急剧下降.文中并对小麦白粉病中间寄主的作用进行了讨论.     

Tandem duplication and divergence of a sea urchin protein belonging to the troponin C superfamily

The Spec1 and Spec2 proteins of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus are related to calmodulin, troponin C, and myosin light chains by sequence similarity in their four calcium binding domains. These domains, the EF-hands, are distinct helix-loop-helix structures of about 40 amino acids. The Spec1 and Spec2 genes are expressed specifically in aboral ectoderm cells of the developing embryo; however, the function of the Spec proteins in these cells is unknown. To find conserved regions of the proteins that might be important for structure and function, Spec homologues from Lytechinus pictus, a distantly related sea urchin, were sought. L. pictus embryos do not synthesize detectable amounts of the 14,000-17,000-Da Spec proteins as determined by two-dimensional gel electro-phoresis, but do synthesize three 34,000-Da proteins that cross-react with Spec1 antibodies and display a similar ontogenetic pattern of expression. cDNA clones were isolated by hybridization to a synthetic oligonucleotide corresponding to the EF-hand. One clone, LpS1, encodes an mRNA with developmental properties like those of the S. purpuratus Spec mRNAs. However, LpS1 contains an open reading frame for a protein of 34,000 Da rather than 17,000 Da, and antibodies raised against part of the LpS1 reading frame demonstrate that LpS1 encodes a 34,000-Da protein in L. pictus embryos. The sequence of LpS1 reveals the presence of eight EF-hand domains, which share structural homology with the Spec1 or Spec2 EF-hands; however, little else in the protein sequence is conserved. The results support the hypothesis that the LpS1 gene arose from a duplication of an ancestral Spec gene and that the overall structural features of the Spec family of proteins are more conserved than the amino acid sequences.     

CircPRMT5 circular RNA promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer through sponging miR-377 to induce E2F3 expression

CircPRTM5 is associated with cell proliferation and migration in many kinds of malignancies. However, the functions and mechanisms of CircPRTM5 in CRC progression remain unclear. We explored the role and the mechanisms of CircPRTM5 in the development of CRC. Tissues of CRC patients and matched adjacent non-tumour tissues were collected to evaluate the expression of CircPRTM5. The expression of CircPRTM5 in CRC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues. The biological functions of CircPRTM5 in CRC were determined by overexpression and down-regulation of CircPRTM5 in CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that knockdown of CircPRTM5 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells. The potential mechanisms of CircPRTM5 in CRC development were identified by RT-qPCR, Western blotting analysis and luciferase reporter assay. CircPRTM5 competitively regulates the expression of E2F3 by capillary adsorption of miR-377. CircPRMT5 regulates CRC proliferation by regulating the expression of E2F3, which affects the expression of the cell cycle-associated proteins cyclinD1 and CDK2. CircPRTM5 exerts critical regulatory role in CRC progression by sponging miR-377 to induce E2F3 expression.     

通过形成类胚体诱导人羊水多能干细胞向心肌细胞分化

由人羊水中分离羊水多能性干细胞,通过形成类胚体诱导其向心肌细胞分化.取人羊水标本进行体外培养,分离得到人羊水干细胞,已连续传代培养至42代,采用免疫细胞化学、RT-PCR和流式细胞仪技术对羊水干细胞的生物学特性进行检测.取10～15代羊水干细胞,悬浮培养使其形成类胚体,进而向心肌细胞诱导分化.培养的羊水干细胞呈成纤维样,表达部分胚胎干细胞特异标志基因,悬浮培养可形成类胚体.类胚体碱性磷酸酶(AP)检测呈阳性,表达三胚层特异标志基因fgf5、ζ-globin和α-fetoprotein.羊水干细胞形成类胚体后进行诱导,得到α-actin阳性细胞,表达心肌细胞特异标志基因Tbx5、Nkx2.5、GATA4和α-MHC.试验结果表明,从人羊水标本中可分离得到具有胚胎干细胞特性的细胞,经初步检测确定为羊水干细胞,并能通过形成类胚体诱导其向心肌细胞分化.     

抗HSV-IICP22蛋白抗原多肽抗体对ICP22定位的检测分析

ICP22作为单纯疱疹病毒进入细胞后最早表达的蛋白之一,对于病毒的复制具有重要的调节功能,由于抗原表位的同源性,使用完整的ICP22蛋白作为抗原难以获得特异性的抗体.通过氨基酸序列预测,ICP22蛋白1～36位氨基酸具有较强的抗原性,将ICP22蛋白1-36位氨基酸偶联于GTS蛋白作为抗原免疫小鼠,所制备抗体能够特异性识别具有正常生理构象的ICP22蛋白.抗体检测结果显示,ICP22不但定位于细胞核内,而且还能够形成特殊的点状结构.     

Characterization of Androgen Receptor Structure and Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of the Rice Field Eel

Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer and male sexual differentiation. We have identified AR from a primitive vertebrate with a sex reversal characteristic, the rice field eel. AR of this species (eAR) is distinct from human AR, especially in the ligand binding domain (LBD), and its expression in gonads shows an increasing tendency during gonadal transformation from ovary via ovotestis to testis. eAR has a restricted androgen-dependent transactivation function after a nuclear translocation upon dihydrotestosterone exposure. A functional nuclear localization signal was further identified in the DNA binding domain and hinge region. Although nuclear export is CRM1-independent, eAR has a novel nuclear export signal, which is negatively charged, indicating that a nuclear export pathway may be mediated by electrostatic interaction. Further, our studies have identified critical sequences for ligand binding in the C terminus. A structure of three α-helices in the LBD has been conserved from eels to humans during vertebrate evolution, despite a distinct amino acid sequence. Mutation analysis confirmed that the LBD is essential for dihydrotestosterone-induced nuclear import of eAR and following transactivation function in the nucleus. In addition, eAR interacts with both Sox9a1 and Sox9a2, and their interaction regulates transactivation of eAR. Our data suggest that the primitive species conserves and especially acquires key novel domains, the nuclear export signal and LBD, for the eAR function in spite of a rapid sequence evolution.     

Neuroprotective effect of the endogenous neural peptide apelin in cultured mouse cortical neurons

The adipocytokine apelin and its G protein-coupled APJ receptor were initially isolated from a bovine stomach and have been detected in the brain and cardiovascular system. Recent studies suggest that apelin can protect cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury. Here, we investigated the effect of apelin on apoptosis in mouse primary cultures of cortical neurons. Exposure of the cortical cultures to a serum-free medium for 24 h induced nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic death; apelin-13 (1.0-5.0 nM) markedly prevented the neuronal apoptosis. Apelin neuroprotective effects were mediated by multiple mechanisms. Apelin-13 reduced serum deprivation (SD)-induced ROS generation, mitochondria depolarization, cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. Apelin-13 prevented SD-induced changes in phosphorylation status of Akt and ERK1/2. In addition, apelin-13 attenuated NMDA-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ accumulation. These results indicate that apelin is an endogenous neuroprotective adipocytokine that may block apoptosis and excitotoxic death via cellular and molecular mechanisms. It is suggested that apelins may be further explored as a potential neuroprotective reagent for ischemia-induced brain damage.