Impacts of ISCO Persulfate,Peroxide and Permanganate Oxidants on Soils: Soil Oxidant Demand and Soil Properties

The consumption of in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) oxidant by soil oxidizable matter (OM), termed the soil oxidant demand (SOD), is an essential factor when designing treatments for successful remediation at an ISCO site. This study aims to assess the impact of different oxidants on SOD and the soil itself, using the Taguchi experimental design. Five oxidation systems, including persulfate (PS), hydrogen peroxide (HP), permanganate (PM), Fe²⁺ activated PS and Fe²⁺ activated HP, and four factors including oxidant concentration, activator concentration, reaction time, and pH were investigated. The results of the Taguchi analysis in this study show that oxidant concentration had the greatest effect on the SOD. Other factors also affected the SOD and the optimum conditions for achieving a lower SOD were determined using the Taguchi design method. Additionally, original and oxidized soils were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer to determine the surface morphology and chemical composition of the samples. Variations in soil organic carbon levels and total soil bacterial counts were recorded and the speciation of soil minerals (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) was analyzed.     

水分胁迫下臭柏（Sabina vulgaris Ant.）光合特性和色素组成的季节变化

在室内砾耕栽培条件下,通过培养液中加入PEG(Polyethylene glycol 分子量为6000)以调节溶液渗透势,设置对照、弱水分胁迫和强水分胁迫3种处理 (培养液渗透势分别为0.02,-0.1,-0.34 MPa), 从1997年开始对臭柏进行长期干旱胁迫模拟实验.2003年测定了臭柏叶片光合色素和光合特性的季节变化.结果表明:对照区气孔导度季节变化在5月和9月份形成了典型的双峰曲线.尽管对照区的气孔导度明显高于其他两个处理,但日光合量却低于弱水分胁迫区.3个处理Chl a/b的比值在11月至翌年3月的低温期内均升高,以强水分胁迫区的增幅最大,其它月份该比值在3个处理之间没有显著的差异.3个处理的叶绿素总量(Chl a+b)在生长季的5～9月份均有不同程度的上升,但其中以强水分胁迫区增幅最小.在11月至翌年3月的低温期,各处理均大幅提高叶黄素总量(V+A+Z)和热耗散色素比例(A+Z)/(V+A+Z) (V:紫黄质、A:单环氧玉米黄质、Z:玉米黄质);在5～7月份的生长高峰期,各处理则明显降低了叶黄素总量和热耗散色素比例.这种趋势在强水分胁迫区表现的更为显著.     

疱疹病毒Ⅱ型感染SH-SY5Y细胞的生物学效应

目的：探讨疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（HSV-2）感染人神经母细胞瘤细胞株SH-SY5Y的生物学效应。方法：病毒液接种SH-SY5Y细胞后,用相差和电子显微镜观察感染细胞的形态变化,RT-PCR检测病毒在细胞中的增殖,MTT法检测病毒感染对细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪测定感染后的细胞凋亡状况。结果：相差显微镜显示细胞病变,从24～72h,细胞变性、坏死的程度和数量随感染时间延长而增加;电镜结果显示感染24h后,细胞核染色质固缩,出现多核巨细胞,线粒体内嵴紊乱、断裂,出现不同程度的自噬化、溶酶体化、空泡化,并可见大量鹰眼样已包装成熟的病毒颗粒及正在包装的病毒粒子;HSV-2LAT基因RT-PCR扩增表明,病毒能在SH-SY5Y细胞中增殖;凋亡检测显示HSV-2在体外细胞感染中并未使细胞出现凋亡现象;感染后24、48及72h,SH-SY5Y细胞的抑制率分别为11.3%、31.2%和63.1%,与对照组相比均存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）;分别用0.1、1、10MOI的病毒感染SH-SY5Y细胞,上述不同组在24、48、72h时细胞形态变化基本一致,感染结果相似,各组之间病毒毒力无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：初步在人神经母细胞瘤细胞株SH—SY5Y中建立了HSV-2感染的细胞模型,并研究了感染对细胞生物性状的影响,为探讨HSV-2的潜伏与激发机制、了解HSV-2的致病机制打下基础。     

圆舵鲣的生物学和渔业

１９９６年,新闻媒体报道了在浙江省温岭,“因无人认识‘炸弹鱼’,市场卖不出,加工无人收,而迫使渔民忍痛割网,将４０吨鱼复倾大海”的令人惋惜的消息之后,引起了各界人士的关注,特别是鱼类学界和水产学界,深感在发展社会主义市场经济的同时,科技成果的推广和应...     

Are Global and Regional Improvements in Life Expectancy and in Child,Adult and Senior Survival Slowing?

Improvements in life expectancy have been considerable over the past hundred years. Forecasters have taken to applying historical trends under an assumption of continuing improvements in life expectancy in the future. A linear mixed effects model was used to estimate the trends in global and regional rates of improvements in life expectancy, child, adult, and senior survival, in 166 countries between 1950 and 2010. Global improvements in life expectancy, including both child and adult survival rates, decelerated significantly over the study period. Overall life expectancy gains were estimated to have declined from 5.9 to 4.0 months per year for a mean deceleration of -0.07 months/year²; annual child survival gains declined from 4.4 to 1.6 deaths averted per 1000 for a mean deceleration of -0.06 deaths/1000/year²; adult survival gains were estimated to decline from 4.8 to 3.7 deaths averted per 1000 per year for a mean deceleration of -0.08 deaths/1000/year². Senior survival gains however increased from 2.4 to 4.2 deaths averted per 1000 per year for an acceleration of 0.03 deaths/1000/year². Regional variation in the four measures was substantial. The rates of global improvements in life expectancy, child survival, and adult survival have declined since 1950 despite an increase in the rate of improvements among seniors. We postulate that low-cost innovation, related to the last half-century progress in health–primarily devoted to children and middle age, is reaping diminishing returns on its investments. Trends are uneven across regions and measures, which may be due in part to the state of epidemiological transition between countries and regions and disparities in the diffusion of innovation, accessible only in high-income countries where life expectancy is already highest.     

中国不同地域恒河猴MHC-Ⅰ型部分等位基因的调查

采用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链式反应(PCR-SSP)分型方法对在华南灵长类动物研究中心繁殖的247只中国恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)(其中30只来源于广西、34只来源于海南,183只来源于川西、安徽等内陆地区杂交群)的Mamu-A01、A02、A08、B01和NA7等5个MHC-Ⅰ型分子位点进行检测。结果显示,A01、A02发现于海南群和杂交群,阳性率均小于8.8%;A08发现于杂交群中,阳性率小于3.8%;B01发现于广西群和杂交群,阳性率均大于17.48%;NA7在3个猴群中均有发现,阳性率均大于32.4%。中国不同地域恒河猴群体携带的5个MHC-Ⅰ型等位基因的频率存在明显差异,通过与印度的恒河猴比较,中国恒河猴与印度恒河猴携带的MHC-Ⅰ等位基因也存在显著的差异。     

Using fluorochemical as oxygen carrier to enhance the growth of marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata

The commercial value of marine Nannochloropsis oculata has been recognized due to its high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (>50 % w/w). To make it as a profitable bioresource, one of the most desirable goals is to develop a quality-controlled, cost-effective, and large-scale photobioreactor for N. oculata growth. Generally, closed culture system can offer many advantages over open system such as small space requirement, controllable process and low risk of contamination. However, oxygen accumulation is often a detrimental factor for enclosed microalgal culture that has seriously hampered the development of microalga-related industries. In this study, we proposed to use fluorochemical as oxygen carrier to overcome the challenge where four liquid fluorochemicals namely perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, methoxynonafluorobutane, and ethoxynonafluorobutane were investigated separately. Our results showed that the microalgal proliferation with different fluorinated liquids was similar and comparable to the culture without a fluorochemical. When cultured in the photobioreactor with 60 % oxygen atmosphere, the N. oculata can grow up in all the fluorochemical photobioreactors, but completely inhibited in the chamber without a fluorochemical. Moreover, the perfluorooctyl bromide system exhibited the most robust efficacy of oxygen removal in the culture media (perfluorooctyl bromide > perfluorodecalin > methoxynonafluorobutane > ethoxynonafluorobutane), and yielded a >3-fold increase of biomass production after 5 days. In summary, the developed fluorochemical photobioreactors offer a feasible means for N. oculata growth in closed and large-scale setting without effect of oxygen inhibition.     

谷氨酰胺对心肌细胞线粒体膜PTP开放干预作用的实验研究

目的:探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)对过度训练状态下心肌线粒体膜通透性转换孔(PTP)开放的干预作用及其可能机制。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):对照组(CG组)、过度训练组(OG组)和补充Gln+过度训练组(GOG组)。采用分光光度法检测大鼠心肌线粒体PTP开放程度,电化学法检测心肌丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱苷肽(GSH)含量和磷脂酶A2(PLA2)活性。结果:OG组与GOG组比较,吸光度(A0)显著下降(P<0.05),吸光度变化(△A)值显著降低(P<0.05);荧光剂罗丹明123(Rh123)的荧光强度(F0)显著增强(P<0.05),Rh123荧光强度变化(△F)值明显降低(P<0.05)。与GOG组比较,线粒体GSH含量显著降低(P<0.05),PLA2活性显著增加(P<0.05);MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:过度训练可导致心肌细胞线粒体PTP开放增加,过度训练状态下线粒体活性氧生成增多,PLA2活性增加及GSH的含量下降,补充外源性的Gln对这些变化有显著的干预作用。     

Using polyethylene glycol as nonionic osmoticum to promote growth and lipid production of marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata

To promote the economic feasibility of Nannochloropsis oculata, efficacy of using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to increase microalgal growth and lipid accumulation was investigated. We first examined the effects of PEG concentrations on microalgal growth using 0–5 % (w/v) PEG-6000, and followed by exploring the effects of PEG molecular weights (400, 600, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 20,000) on microalgal growth, size, as well as on yields of biomass, total lipids, and eicosapentaenoic acid. In addition, the capacity of PEG to reduce the effect of oxygen inhibition on microalgal growth was also investigated to evaluate its adaptability for use in large-scale and closed setting. Our results showed that PEG-induced osmotic stress (Π) in the range of 2.465–2.472 MPa can raise microalgal growth. The PEG with higher molecular weight exhibited greater efficacy of growth promotion but less lipid content under equal concentration. In this study, 0.5 % (w/v) PEG-20000 (Π = 2.466 MPa) remarkably enhanced microalgal growth without interference of intracellular lipid productivity and cellular size, yielding >50 % (w/w) increases in biomass, total lipid, and eicosapentaenoic acid amounts after 7 days that provided the optimal condition for microalgal cultivation. These positive effects possibly resulted from the moderate enhancement of osmotic stress in the medium and stronger chaotrope-like behavior from higher molecular weight PEG. With further verification that 0.5 % (w/v) PEG-20000 enabled to reduce the effect of oxygen inhibition on microalgal growth, the PEG-20000-mediated cultivation offers a feasible means for mass culture of N. oculata in closed setting.