嗜虫书虱触角的超微结构及其在交配行为中的作用

研究嗜虫书虱触角的超微结构及其在交配行为中的作用,对于其生物学和行为学具有重要的意义。本研究利用Quanta 250型扫描电镜对嗜虫书虱触角超微结构进行研究,在Lei CAEZ4HD型解剖镜下用WPI500374型显微剪刀分别剪去雌、雄虫触角及触角不同部位后,利用Smartzoom 5型超景深显微镜观察其交配行为。研究结果表明,嗜虫书虱雌、雄虫触角形态类似,均属于线状触角,由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,鞭节分13个亚节,成虫触角感受器主要有微毛形感受器、刺形感受器(SC1、SC2)、锥形感受器(SB1、SB2)和B9hm氏鬃毛4类感受器6种形态,绝大部分触角感受器分布在雌雄触角的背面、腹面和外侧面,两性间触角感器的类型和分布无明显差异,但数量差异明显(雌、雄虫感受器的数量分别约为8280和7240)。嗜虫书虱触角在交配行为中起到重要的作用,其中雌虫触角的梗节在交配过程中起主要作用,其次是柄节,再次是鞭节;雄虫触角的鞭节部位起着主要的作用,其次是柄节和梗节。结合其交配行为并参考其他昆虫触角感受器的研究结果,推测雌虫触角柄节和梗节上分布的B9hm氏鬃毛和雄虫触角鞭节上分布的微毛形感受器在两性识别中起着主要作用,雌、雄虫触角上分布的两种刺形感受器(SC1、SC2)和两种锥形感受器(SB1、SB2)在交配过程中有机械感受的作用。本研究结果为嗜虫书虱的行为生物学、化学生态学和电生理学的研究提供参考。     

蜜蜂抗菌肽研究及其应用进展

抗菌肽是一类由特定基因编码的小分子多肽,广泛分布于各种生物中,是生物天然免疫的重要效应分子,其对缺乏获得性免疫系统的昆虫尤为重要。蜜蜂是一种对环境极其重要的社会性模式昆虫,又有着极高的经济价值,因此蜜蜂抗菌肽有着较大的研究意义。本文对蜜蜂4种天然免疫抗菌肽(Apidaecin、Abaecin、Hymenoptaecin和Defensin)和蜂产品中的抗菌肽(Jelleines、Melittin和Apamin)研究进展进行了综述,介绍了它们的功能、作用机制及其应用,提出了蜜蜂抗菌肽未来可行的研究方向,旨在推动蜜蜂抗菌肽的研究。     

Versatility in Corrinoid Salvaging and Remodeling Pathways Supports Corrinoid-Dependent Metabolism in Dehalococcoides mccartyi

Corrinoids are cobalt-containing molecules that function as enzyme cofactors in a wide variety of organisms but are produced solely by a subset of prokaryotes. Specific corrinoids are identified by the structure of their axial ligands. The lower axial ligand of a corrinoid can be a benzimidazole, purine, or phenolic compound. Though it is known that many organisms obtain corrinoids from the environment, the variety of corrinoids that can serve as cofactors for any one organism is largely unstudied. Here, we examine the range of corrinoids that function as cofactors for corrinoid-dependent metabolism in Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain 195. Dehalococcoides bacteria play an important role in the bioremediation of chlorinated solvents in the environment because of their unique ability to convert the common groundwater contaminants perchloroethene and trichloroethene to the innocuous end product ethene. All isolated D. mccartyi strains require exogenous corrinoids such as vitamin B₁₂ for growth. However, like many other corrinoid-dependent bacteria, none of the well-characterized D. mccartyi strains has been shown to be capable of synthesizing corrinoids de novo. In this study, we investigate the ability of D. mccartyi strain 195 to use specific corrinoids, as well as its ability to modify imported corrinoids to a functional form. We show that strain 195 can use only specific corrinoids containing benzimidazole lower ligands but is capable of remodeling other corrinoids by lower ligand replacement when provided a functional benzimidazole base. This study of corrinoid utilization and modification by D. mccartyi provides insight into the array of strategies that microorganisms employ in acquiring essential nutrients from the environment.     

基于气孔导度和光合模型的植物功能类群合并问题

尺度扩展(Scaling up)过程中的植物类群合并问题是生态系统建模领域的难点之一。该文采用机理性生理生态学模型对内蒙古典型草原9种植物净光合速率和气孔导度与环境因子的关系进行了分析,净光合速率模型和气孔导度模型分别能够平均解释生长季内78.19%和55.87%的净光合速率和气孔导度的日变化。在此基础上根据拟合得到的8个植物生理参数进行聚类分析,将内蒙古典型草原9种植物分为3个植物功能类群:克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)、阿尔泰狗哇花(Heteropappus altaicus)、冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)、银灰旋花(Convolvulus ammannii)和小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)抗旱性强,生物化学光合能力中等,归为一类称为强抗旱中光合植物功能类群;羊草(Leymus chinensis)、芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)和马蔺(Iris lactea)抗旱性中等,生物化学光合能力较强,归为一类称为中抗旱高光合植物功能类群;串铃草(Phlomis mongolica)抗旱性和生物化学光合能力都比较低,称为低抗旱低光合植物功能类群。在对多种植物存在的自然生态系统进行模拟时可以按此方法将植物分成若干具有相似特点的功能类群,而不必对每一种植物都作模拟。这种处理方法可以降低模型复杂性和节省运算时间,较之于只用优势种来代替所有物种的模拟也更加接近实际情况。这将为生态系统模型尺度扩展过程中如何合理有效合并植物类群,从而正确判别植物功能型提供一种可行的方法。     

Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of CPT13, a novel camptothecin analog, on human colon cancer HCT8 cell line

10-(2-pyrazolyl-ethoxy)-(20S)-camptothecin (CPT13) is a novel semi-synthetic analogue of camptothecin, our previous report had shown that it possessed higher in vitro cytoxicity activity towards human colon cancer HCT8 cell line than topotecan. In this study, the anti-proliferative effect of CPT13 on HCT8 cell line in vitro was analyzed. In order to further explore the underlying mechanism of cell growth inhibition of CPT13 towards HCT8 cell line, the cell cycle distribution, apoptosis proportion, the nuclei morphological changes and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities were measured. Additionally the changes of mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential (DeltaPsim) were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that CPT13 inhibited HCT8 cell growth by causing cell cycle arrest at G2/M transition and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the typical apoptotic morphology such as condensation and fragmentation of nuclei and formation of apoptotic bodies. The changes of mitochondrial morphology, dose-dependently decrease in DeltaPsim and the enhancement of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities were observed in different concentrations of drug treatment group. Our results suggest that CPT13 induces apoptosis by alternations of mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization, activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. Therefore, CPT13 appears to be a potent drug against human colon cancer via induction of apoptosis and may be used as an alternative drug to therapy cancer.     

文冠果种子油提取工艺

以石油醚（60~90℃）为溶剂,通过单因素和正交实验优化了提取文冠果种子油工艺,得到的最佳工艺参数为：种仁粒径为2 mm,提取温度为90℃,提取时间为10 h,料液比为1：5（W/V）。在最佳提取条件下,平均提取率可达62.49%。利用高效液相色谱技术分析了油脂的脂肪酸组成,结果表明其主要成分与一般生物柴油主要成分基本相同,文冠果种子油将是生产生物柴油原料的新来源。     

Purification and identification of antioxidant peptides from egg white protein hydrolysate

Egg white proteins were hydrolysed separately using five different proteases to obtain antioxidant peptides. The antioxidant activity of egg white protein hydrolysates was influenced by the time of hydrolysis and the type of enzyme. Of the various hydrolysates produced, papain hydrolysate obtained by 3-h hydrolysis (PEWPH) displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. PEWPH could also quench the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit reducing power. Then, PEWPH was purified sequentially by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, RP-HPLC and two fractions with relatively strong antioxidant activity were subsequently subjected to LC-MS/MS for peptide sequence identification. The sequences of the two antioxidant peptides were identified to be Tyr-Leu-Gly-Ala-Lys (551.54?Da) and Gly-Gly-Leu-Glu-Pro-Ile-Asn-Phe-Gln (974.55?Da), and they were identified for the first time from food-derived protein hydrolysates. Last, the two purified peptides were synthesized and they showed 7.48- and 6.02-fold higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared with the crude PEWPH, respectively. These results indicate that PEWPH and/or its isolated peptides may be useful ingredients in food and nutraceutical applications.     

黄浦江中上游杨树人工林生态系统碳储量研究

以上海地区黄浦江中上游杨树人工林为研究对象,构建了杨树立木及各器官(根、干、皮、枝、叶)生物量方程,并对杨树人工林林分生物量(乔木层、地表枯落物层)、碳储量和土壤碳储量进行了估测。结果表明:杨树立木及各器官的生物量方程拟合效果较好(R2=0.96～0.99,P0.001)。9年生杨树人工林生态系统碳储量为90.9 t·hm-2。其中乔木层碳储量所占比例为36.6%,乔木层各组分碳储量大小排序为树干树根树枝树皮树叶;地表枯落物层碳储量所占比例仅为1.7%。土壤碳储量(0～50 cm)所占比例最大,为61.6%。这些杨树人工幼龄林正处于快速生长阶段,对上海地区人工林碳汇经营具有重要意义。     

Simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in body fluids by using HPLC-DAD coupled with second-order calibration based on alternating trilinear decomposition

A novel method for simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in body fluids has been developed in this paper. Three-way data recorded by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) have been analyzed by second-order calibration based on the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm. The chemometric methodology selected exploits the second-order advantage of the three-way data arrays, which allows one to obtain concentrations of individual calibrated analytes even in the presence of interferences not present in the calibration samples (e.g. background in urine or plasma). It was applied to simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in both plasma and urine samples. Though the chromatographic and spectral peaks of the analytes were heavily overlapped and interferents coeluted with the compounds studied, good recoveries of the analytes could be obtained with HPLC-DAD coupled with second-order calibration based on ATLD. Sample preparation was based on solvent extraction (SE), and quantification can be carried out with simple mobile phase. The time required for the quantification process is shorter than other methods.