PVP Treatment Induced Gradient Oxygen Doping in In2S3 Nanosheet to Boost Solar Water Oxidation of WO3 Nanoarray Photoanode

The photoelectrochemical performance of the WO₃ photoanode is limited by the severe charge recombination in the bulk phase and at the WO₃/electrolyte interface. Herein, In₂S₃ nanosheets are integrated onto the surface of the WO₃ nanowall array photoanode, followed by a facile polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution treatment. The PVP treatment results in sulfur vacancies and a gradient oxygen doping into In₂S₃ from surface to interior, which induces the formation of a gradient energy band distribution. The gradient band structured In₂S₃ and type II band alignment at the WO₃/In₂S₃ interface simultaneously create a channel that favors photogenerated electrons to migrate from the surface to the conductive substrate, thereby suppressing bulk carrier recombination. Meanwhile, the sulfur vacancies and oxygen doping contribute to increased charge carrier concentration, prolonged carrier lifetime, more active sites, and small interfacial transfer impedance. As a consequence, the PVP treated WO₃/In₂S₃ heterostructure photoanode exhibits a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 1.61 mA cm^?2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and negative onset potential of 0.02 V versus RHE.     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对结肠癌手术患者血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白的影响

目的:探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对结肠癌手术患者血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白的影响。方法:选取2017年1月～2018年12月期间于新疆医科大学附属第一医院行腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术患者189例,根据随机数字表法将患者分成对照组(n=94,丙泊酚麻醉)和研究组(n=95,瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉),比较两组患者围术期指标、血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白水平,记录两组术中不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患者苏醒时间、拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。对照组麻醉诱导10 min(T2)、术毕拔管后10 min(T3)时间点心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)较T1时间点降低,T3时间点高于T2时间点(P0.05),研究组T2时间点HR、MAP较T1时间点降低(P0.05);研究组T2、T3时间点HR、MAP高于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。研究组术后1h(T4)、术后1d(T5)时间点白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)低于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。研究组T4、T5时间点免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)高于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:结肠癌手术中使用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉,可有效改善围术期各项指标,维持机体血流动力学稳定,减少机体炎症反应、免疫抑制,安全可靠。     

重庆地区人类免疫缺陷病毒携带者的微孢子虫感染情况调查

目前我国关于微孢子虫感染人的研究相对较少,更没有关于重庆地区人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)携带者感染微孢子虫的数据统计。对重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心收治的22例HIV抗体阳性,但尚未接受抗病毒治疗的患者进行研究。将22例患者粪便样本分别提取总DNA,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)法和DNA测序等技术对微孢子虫在患者中的感染情况进行检测,并对微孢子虫种类进行鉴定。同时对22例患者的免疫细胞亚群进行计数和分析。结果显示,微孢子虫的感染率为36.3%(8/22),主要由脑炎微孢子虫属(Encephalitozoon spp)的海伦脑炎微孢子虫(E. hellem)和肠脑炎微孢子虫(E. intestinalis)引起。22例患者的免疫细胞亚群分析显示,平均淋巴细胞数0.93±0.13×10⁹/L,CD4^＋T细胞数132±22 个/mL,CD8^＋T细胞数495±91 个/mL,CD4/CD8细胞比值0.37±0.1,表明患者免疫功能受到严重抑制。进一步将微孢子虫感染患者与未感染患者的免疫细胞亚群进行比较发现,感染患者淋巴细胞数为0.51±0.1×10⁹/L,未感染患者为1.17±0.17 ×10⁹/L,两者具有显著差异(P<0.05);感染患者CD4^＋T细胞数为71±27 个/mL,未感染患者为167±28 个/mL,两者具有显著差异(P<0.05);感染患者CD8^＋T细胞数为209±35 个/mL,未感染患者为658±123 个/mL,两者具有显著差异(P<0.05),以上表明微孢子虫感染组的免疫功能受损情况更严重。本研究结果提示微孢子虫的机会性感染与患者免疫功能受损情况密切相关,脑炎微孢子虫属在重庆地区有较高的感染率,这为进一步阐明微孢子虫与宿主相互作用关系奠定基础,也为公共卫生健康管理提供重要参考。     

A Prognostic Model to Predict Recovery of COVID-19 Patients Based on Longitudinal Laboratory Findings

Virologica Sinica - The temporal change patterns of laboratory data may provide insightful clues into the whole course of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal change patterns of key...     

Evidence of compliance with and effectiveness of guidelines for noninvasive prenatal testing in China: a retrospective study of 189,809 cases

In China,the medical guidelines recommend performing noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) with caution for pregnant women aged 35 years or older.However,the Mother and Child Health Care Law suggests that all primiparous women whose age is older than 35 years undergo prenatal diagnosis.These two inconsistent suggestions/recommendations have made obstetricians confused about whether to offer NIPT to these older pregnant women.To face this issue and find out the solution we performed a retrospective study of 189,809 NIPT samples collected from 28 provincial-leveled administrative units in China.Of 1,564women with high-risk pregnancies who underwent NIPT,459 (29.3%) did not participate in follow-up.The compound sensitivity and specificity of NIPT for trisomies 21,18 and 13 detection was 99.1%(95%CI,98.0%-99.6%) and 99.9%(95%CI,98.8%-99.9%),respectively.In secundiparous women,NIPT showed high sensitivity and specificity similar to that in primiparous women.The observed risk for trisomies 21 and 18 significantly increased when the maternal age was 39 and older.After the publication of the current NIPT policy,the follow-up rate at our center was 97.9%;however,a large number of women are not in maternal and infant care networks nationwide,and that makes the follow-up rate outside our center relatively low.Our study shows that to balance the prevention of major aneuploidies and the limited resources for prenatal diagnosis,the cut-off age of 35for invasive prenatal diagnosis might be unnecessary.Although the NIPT guidelines are well written,how to practice it effectively,especially in less industrialized areas,is worth discussing.     

抑瘤素M受体对慢性自身免疫性荨麻疹发病机制的影响

本研究旨在探讨抑瘤素M受体(OSMR)在慢性自身免疫性荨麻疹(CAU)发病机制中的作用。本研究分别检测30例CAU患者及30名健康受试者的皮肤组织中OSMR、JAK和STAT3的表达,研究显示OSMR、JAK和STAT3在CAU患者皮肤组织中高表达(p<0.05)。转染OSMR-siRNA可显著降低CAU模型小鼠血清炎症因子IL-1、IL-6和IFN-γ水平,而转染JAK/STAT3信号通路激动剂Tyr705则可显著升高炎症因子水平(p<0.05)。转染OSMR-siRNA可显著降低CAU小鼠瘙痒次数、瘙痒时间和嗜酸性粒细胞计数,而转染Tyr705则可显著升高CAU小鼠瘙痒次数、瘙痒时间和嗜酸性粒细胞计数(p<0.05)。转染OSMR-siRNA促进了CAU小鼠上皮细胞的增殖能力,并抑制了细胞凋亡(p<0.05)。而转染Tyr705则抑制了CAU小鼠上皮细胞的增殖能力,并促进了细胞凋亡(p<0.05)。转染OSMR-siRNA下调了上皮细胞中OSMR、JAK和STAT3的表达,而转染Tyr705则上调了OSMR、JAK和STAT3的表达(p<0.05)。总之,本研究表明OSMR基因在CAU患者皮肤组织中高表达。OSMR基因沉默可通过抑制JAK/STAT3信号通路来抑制炎症因子表达及嗜酸性粒细胞数量,促进上皮细胞增殖并抑制细胞凋亡。     

Finite element analysis of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference on optic nerve head biomechanics: the Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure Study

Science China Life Sciences - The present study aims to assess the potential difference of biomechanical response of the optic nerve head to the same level of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure...     

Could urinary ACE2 protein level help identify individuals susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and complication?

Science China Life Sciences -     

The fungal community and its interaction with the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the faeces of Chenghua,Yorkshire and Tibetan pigs

Despite their important roles in host nutrition and metabolism, and potential to cause disease, our knowledge of the fungal community in the mammalian gut is quite limited. To date, diversity and composition of fungi in swine gut still remains unknown. Therefore, the first internal transcribed spacer of fungi in faecal samples from three breeds of pigs (10 pigs for each breed) was sequenced based on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the relationship between the fungal community and the concentrations of main short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also analysed. Results indicated that Chenghua (local, higher body fat rate), Yorkshire (foreign, higher lean meat and growth rate) and Tibetan (plateau, stronger disease resistance) pigs harboured distinct fungal community. The Basidiomycota and Ascomycota presented as the two predominant phyla, with Loreleia, Russula and Candida as the top three genera in all samples. Network analysis revealed a total of 35 correlations among different fungal genera, with 27 (77.14%) positive and 8 (22.86%) negative pairwise interactions. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that fungi in the faeces of pigs were more correlated to the concentration of acetate and butyrate rather than propionate. Spearman’s correlation further showed that Tomentella was positively correlated to both acetate and butyrate, and Loreleia was positively correlated to propionate (P < 0.05), while Nephroma and Taiwanofungus were negatively correlated to acetate and propionate (P < 0.05). These findings expanded our knowledge on the intestinal fungi in pigs with different genotypes and phenotypes, indicating that fungi may play an indispensable role during the metabolism of host and the maintenance of intestinal health. The cross-feeding between fungi and other microorganisms may be crucial during the digestion of dietary carbohydrates and the associated physiological processes, which is worthy to be further studied.     

Enhanced regional terrestrial carbon uptake over Korea revealed by atmospheric CO2 measurements from 1999 to 2017

Understanding changes in terrestrial carbon balance is important to improve our knowledge of the regional carbon cycle and climate change. However, evaluating regional changes in the terrestrial carbon balance is challenging due to the lack of surface flux measurements. This study reveals that the terrestrial carbon uptake over the Republic of Korea has been enhanced from 1999 to 2017 by analyzing long‐term atmospheric CO₂ concentration measurements at the Anmyeondo Station (36.53°N, 126.32°E) located in the western coast. The influence of terrestrial carbon flux on atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (ΔCO₂) is estimated from the difference of CO₂ concentrations that were influenced by the land sector (through easterly winds) and the Yellow Sea sector (through westerly winds). We find a significant trend in ΔCO₂ of ?4.75 ppm per decade (p < .05) during the vegetation growing season (May through October), suggesting that the regional terrestrial carbon uptake has increased relative to the surrounding ocean areas. Combined analysis with satellite measured normalized difference vegetation index and gross primary production shows that the enhanced carbon uptake is associated with significant nationwide increases in vegetation and its production. Process‐based terrestrial model and inverse model simulations estimate that regional terrestrial carbon uptake increases by up to 18.9 and 8.0 Tg C for the study period, accounting for 13.4% and 5.7% of the average annual domestic carbon emissions, respectively. Atmospheric chemical transport model simulations indicate that the enhanced terrestrial carbon sink is the primary reason for the observed ΔCO₂ trend rather than anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric circulation changes. Our results highlight the fact that atmospheric CO₂ measurements could open up the possibility of detecting regional changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle even where anthropogenic emissions are not negligible.