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931.
932.
Roy Mackenzie Javier A. Barros Miguel A. Martínez 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(11):2499-2504
Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria present in the surface water of three cold and nutrient-poor lakes in the Chilean Patagonia
(Alto Reino, Las Dos Torres and Venus) were analysed for genetic similarity and metabolic diversity using 16S ribosomal DNA
and the Biolog EcoPlateTM system, respectively. Bacterial fingerprints of water samples in enriched and non-enriched nutrient broth demonstrated a
>50% fingerprinting similarity between the lakes. Metabolic activity was also similar. However, the Biolog EcoPlateTM system carbon substrates revealed functional diversity. Lake Las Dos Torres showed the most fingerprinting similarity between
enriched and non-enriched cold water samples. The amounts of living and viable bacteria were also higher in this lake’s water
sample, suggesting a predominance of facultative oligotrophic groups. DNA sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of
phylum Bacteroidetes in Lake Alto Reino; phyla Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria in Lake Las Dos Torres; and phyla Bacteroidetes,
Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria in Lake Venus. Although each lake had a unique bacterial community structure,
the different bacterial groups may be performing similar metabolic functions, given the similarity in extreme environmental
conditions. 相似文献
933.
Pascal Fournier Christian Maizeret David Jimenez Jean-Pierre Chusseau Stéphane Aulagnier François Spitz 《Acta theriologica》2007,52(1):1-12
The European minkMustela lutreola Linnaeus, 1761 and the European polecatMustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758 are related species sympatric in southwestern France. The European mink is rapidly disappearing whereas the
polecat maintains good populations. Seasonal habitat use of both species was compared in the Landes de Gascogne region to
identify if some vulnerability factors of the European mink were associated with habitats occupied by this mustelid. Potential
habitats were mapped using a satellite picture and 12 main types of habitats were defined. Animal locations were recorded
by radiotracking 9 European mink and 14 polecats from March 1996 to August 1999. Resting animals were located by triangulation,
and, when possible, resting places were described. Animals in activity were tracked by continuous monitoring. Data collected
revealed a strong preference of European mink for flooded habitats, particularly open marshes, flooded woodlands and moorlands.
They seldom left the corridor of the riparian forest and their resting places were mainly in flooded environments, above ground
(under herbs or bushes) or in cavities between tree roots. European polecats were less tightly linked to wetlands. Most of
their locations were in the pine forests outside the valleys and their resting places were mainly in burrows. The strong specialisation
of European mink in aquatic habitats is probably one of the main reasons for its decline because wetlands suffer drastic damages
throughout all of its range. Maintaining adequate water levels is crucial for satisfying habitat requirements of mink. 相似文献
934.
935.
Antal T. K. Kaurov Yu. N. Lehimena L. Davletshina L. N. Merzlyak M. N. Lovyagina E. R. Belevich N. P. Ivanov I. I. Rubin A. B. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2001,48(5):638-644
We studied the mechanisms of the relationships between the generation of millisecond delayed fluorescence in photosystem I (DF) and the oxidative destruction of chlorophyll in the membranes of a thermophilic cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatusin the temperature range 60–80°C at various irradiation levels and in the presence of substances affecting the intensity of DF. Light and temperature dependencies of the chlorophyll oxidation rates were similar to those of the DF of PSI. Anions Cl–, Br–, and NO–
3, which quench the triplet states of chlorophyll, almost completely inhibited the chlorophyll oxidation and reduced the intensity of the DF maximum by 70%. Under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of sodium ascorbate, the rate of chlorophyll oxidation also markedly decreased. We found that the long-wavelength chlorophyll forms were the most susceptible to oxidation and related the temperature-dependent changes in the DF of PSI and in the oxidative processes in the membranes of thermophilic cyanobacteria to an increase in the concentration of the triplet states of P700and other chlorophyll forms. The latter result from the temperature-dependent inactivation of carotenoids and the inhibition of electron transfer to ferredoxin in PSI. 相似文献
936.
Jiangfeng Zhu Xiaojie Dai Liuxiong Xu Xinjun Chen Yong Chen 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2011,91(1):95-102
Polyandry is extremely common across a wide range of organisms. In promiscuous mating systems, females are often sexually
harassed by males, but at the same time obtain benefits from multiple mating. It remains unclear whether polyandry is exclusively
imposed by males or is also promoted by females. Here, we investigated this question by recording the time spent by female
guppies near a single male or a group of males with similar size and colour patterns over three consecutive days. We accounted
for the effect of shoaling by using a control treatment where a group of females was used instead of a group of males. Results
showed that females spent significantly more time near the group of males, but not with the group of females. In the presence
of a group of males, total female mating preference time did not change over the course of the study, but rather shifted from
spending more time near the single male at the beginning of the experiment to spending more time near the group of males.
The consequence of this female preference for associating with a group of males in a non-experimental setup would be to promote
multiple mating. Our result indicates that polyandry in guppies is at least partially encouraged by females, and not entirely
a consequence of male sexual behaviour. 相似文献
937.
Manoj Kumar Vladimir León Angela De Sisto Materano Olaf A. Ilzins 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(2):211-220
A Bacillus sp. strain DHT, isolated from oil-contaminated soil, grew and produced biosurfactant when cultured in variety of substrate
at salinities of up to 100 g l−1 and temperatures up to 45°C. It was capable of utilizing crude oil, fuels, various pure alkanes and PAHs as a sole carbon
and energy source across a wide range of temperature and salinity. Over the range evaluated, the degradation of hydrocarbon
and biosurfactant production was not influenced by salinity (0–10% wv−1) and temperature (30–45°C). The biosurfactant produced by the organism emulsified a range of hydrocarbons with hexadecane
as the best substrate and toluene as the poorest. From 16S rDNA analysis, strain DHT was related to Bacillus licheniformis. 相似文献
938.
Background
In order to find correlated pairs of positions between proteins, which are useful in predicting interactions, it is necessary to concatenate two large multiple sequence alignments such that the sequences that are joined together belong to those that interact in their species of origin. When each protein is unique then the species name is sufficient to guide this match, however, when there are multiple related sequences (paralogs) in each species then the pairing is more difficult. In bacteria a good guide can be gained from genome co-location as interacting proteins tend to be in a common operon but in eukaryotes this simple principle is not sufficient.Results
The methods developed in this paper take sets of paralogs for different proteins found in the same species and make a pairing based on their evolutionary distance relative to a set of other proteins that are unique and so have a known relationship (singletons). The former constitute a set of unlabelled nodes in a graph while the latter are labelled. Two variants were tested, one based on a phylogenetic tree of the sequences (the topology-based method) and a simpler, faster variant based only on the inter-sequence distances (the distance-based method). Over a set of test proteins, both gave good results, with the topology method performing slightly better.Conclusions
The methods develop here still need refinement and augmentation from constraints other than the sequence data alone, such as known interactions from annotation and databases, or non-trivial relationships in genome location. With the ever growing numbers of eukaryotic genomes, it is hoped that the methods described here will open a route to the use of these data equal to the current success attained with bacterial sequences.939.
Carlota Pascoal Sandra Brasil Rita Francisco Dorinda Marques-da-Silva Agnes Rafalko Jaak Jaeken Paula A. Videira Luísa Barros Vanessa dos Reis Ferreira 《Orphanet journal of rare diseases》2018,13(1):215
Background
Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL) is a multidimensional measure, which has gained clinical and social relevance. Implementation of a patient-centred approach to both clinical research and care settings, has increased the recognition of patient and/or observer reported outcome measures (PROMs or ObsROMs) as informative and reliable tools for HrQoL assessment. Inherited Metabolic Diseases (IMDs) are a group of heterogeneous conditions with phenotypes ranging from mild to severe and mostly lacking effective therapies. Consequently, HrQoL evaluation is particularly relevant.Objectives
We aimed to: (1) identify patient and/or caregiver-reported HrQoL instruments used among IMDs; (2) identify the main results of the application of each HrQoL tool and (3) evaluate the main limitations of HrQoL instruments and study design/methodology in IMDs.Methods
A scoping review was conducted using methods outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. Additionally, we critically analysed each article to identify the HrQoL study drawbacks.Results
Of the 1954 studies identified, 131 addressed HrQoL of IMDs patients using PROMs and/or ObsROMs, both in observational or interventional studies. In total, we identified 32 HrQoL instruments destined to self- or proxy-completion; only 2% were disease-specific. Multiple tools (both generic and disease-specific) proved to be responsive to changes in HrQoL; the SF-36 and PedsQL questionnaires were the most frequently used in the adult and pediatric populations, respectively. Furthermore, proxy data often demonstrated to be a reliable approach complementing self-reported HrQoL scores. Nevertheless, numerous limitations were identified especially due to the rarity of these conditions.Conclusions
HrQoL is still not frequently assessed in IMDs. However, our results show successful examples of the use of patient-reported HrQoL instruments in this field. The importance of HrQoL measurement for clinical research and therapy development, incites to further research in HrQoL PROMs’ and ObsROMs’ creation and validation in IMDs.940.