Biosystematic studies of Kengyilia melanthera and K. kokonorica (Poaceae: Triticeae)

Kengyilia melanthera (Keng)J. L. Yang, Yen et Baum and K. kokonorica (Keng)J. L. Yang, Yen et Baum are two hexaploid perennial grasses of the tribe Triticeae native in west China. K. melanthera and K. kokonorica were hybridized with Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(2n=42,StStHHYY) and K. hirsuta (Keng)J. L. Yang, Yen et Baum (2n = 42, PPStStYY) respectively. Chromosome pairing behaviour at metaphase I in the parents and hybrids was studied. Meiotic configurations were 18.20 Ⅰ + 11.74 Ⅱ + 0.09 Ⅲ + 0.01V for R. kamoji×K. melanthera, 1.06Ⅰ + 20.47 Ⅱ for K. hirsuta×K. melanthera, 19.36Ⅰ + 11.26 Ⅱ + 0.04Ⅲ for R. kamoji×K. kokonorica, and2.46Ⅰ + 19.44Ⅱ + 0.14 Ⅲ + 0.06 Ⅳ for K. hirsuta×K. kokonorica. Considering chromosome pairing in the hybrids, as well as morphological characters, K. melanthera and K. kokonorica should be grouped in Kengyilia Yen et J. L. Yang instead of being keeped inRoegneria sect. Paragropyron Keng , or in Elymus L. or Elytrigia Desv.     

Biosystematic study ofRoegneria tenuispica, R. ciliaris andR. pendulina (Poaceae:Triticeae)

Morphological and cytological studies of three tetraploidRoegneria species,R. tenuispica, R. pendulina andR. ciliaris, and their artificial hybrids were carried out.Roegneria tenuispica was morphologically similar toR. pendulina. The general appearance of the interspecific hybrids was intermediate between the parents. The hybrids showed comparatively high chromosome pairing at meiosis, but were completely or almost completely sterile. The results indicate that the three independent species share two basic genomes (S_tY) and thatR. tenuispica is more closely related toR. pendulina than toR. ciliaris. The genomes ofR. tenuispica could be designated as S _t ^t Y^t.     

植物叶黄素循环的组成、功能和调节(综述)

对近几年来植物体内叶黄素循环的组成、功能、堇菜黄素脱环氧化酶和玉米黄素环氧化酶的结构、生化性质和调节,以及叶黄素的可转变性、定位等方面的研究进展作了综述。     

小麦抗虫α-淀粉酶抑制因子成熟蛋白编码基因序列分析

对17份小麦和山羊草材料的小麦抗虫24kD-α-淀粉酶抑制因子成熟蛋白编码基因进行了分离克隆和序列分析。结果发现,在二倍体材料中α-淀粉酶抑制因子由单个基因编码,而在普通小麦中是以多拷贝的形式存在。从中得到17个24kD-α-淀粉酶抑制因子基因,其中2个来自普通小麦与1个来自粗山羊草的基因编码的抑制因子与WDAI-0-19的氨基酸序列完全相同,为同一蛋白。在普通小麦中得到1个编码蛋白质与WDAI-0-53十分相似的基因。序列分析表明,24kD-α-淀粉酶抑制因子成熟蛋白编码基因在序列大小与核酸组成上都十分相似,一致性达到91.2%。这说明小麦和山羊草中24kD-α-淀粉酶抑制因子基因可能起源于相同原始基因。     

肿瘤内皮标志物8同型物Ⅰ基因真核表达载体的构建及其在HEK293F细胞中的表达

目的:构建肿瘤内皮标志物8(TEM8)基因真核表达载体,实现TEM8在HEK293F细胞中的外源表达。方法:用PCR技术扩增TEM8基因,经限制性酶切、连接、转化,插入pcDNA3.1(+)-EGFP真核表达载体,并通过脂质体将TEM8表达质粒转染至HEK293F细胞中,Western印迹检测TEM8的表达。结果:PCR扩增得到TEM8基因,构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-TEM8-EGFP并转染HEK293F细胞,经G418加压筛选及有限稀释法得到生长性状良好、表达效率高的单克隆细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F;Western印迹证明过表达细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F显著表达TEM8蛋白。结论:构建了表达TEM8的重组HEK293F工程细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F,为进一步研究TEM8的生理功能奠定了基础。     

Classification of wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes and its chromosome assignment by developing LMW-GS group-specific primers

On the basis of sequence analysis, 69 known low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes were experimentally classified into nine groups by the deduced amino acid sequence of the highly conserved N-terminal domain. To clarify the chromosomal locations of these groups, 11 specific primer sets were designed to carry out polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with the genomic DNA of group 1 ditelosomic lines of Chinese Spring, among which nine primer sets proved to be LMW-GS group-specific. Each group of LMW-GS genes was specifically assigned on a single chromosome arm and hence to a specific locus. Therefore, these results provided the possibility to predict the chromosome location of a new LMW-GS gene based on its deduced N-terminal sequence. The validity of the classification was confirmed by the amplifications in 27 diploid wheat and Aegilops accessions. The length polymorphisms of LMW-GS genes of groups 1 and 2, and groups 3 and 4.1 were detected in diploid A-genome and S-genome accessions, respectively. The diploid wheat and Aegilops species could be used as valuable resources of novel allele variations of LMW-GS gene in the improvement of wheat quality. The nine LMW-GS group-specific primer sets could be utilized to select specific allele variations of LMW-GS genes in the marker-assisted breeding. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at Hai Long and Yu-Ming Wei are the two authors who have contributed equally to this paper     

Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 24 kDa dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitors from cultivated wheat and its diploid putative progenitors

Seventeen new genes encoding 24 kDa family dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitors had been characterized from cultivated wheat and its diploid putative progenitors. And the different alpha-amylase inhibitors in this family, which were determined by coding regions single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) of their genes, were investigated. The amino acid sequences of 24 kDa alpha-amylase inhibitors shared very high coherence (91.2%). It indicated that the dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitors in the 24 kDa family were derived from common ancestral genes by phylogenetic analysis. Eight alpha-amylase inhibitor genes were characterized from one hexaploid wheat variety, and clustered into four subgroups, indicating that the 24 kDa dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitors in cultivated wheat were encoded by multi-gene. Forty-five cSNPs, including 35 transitions and 10 transversions, were found, and resulted in a total of ten amino acid changes. The cSNPs at the first site of a codon cause much more nonsynonymous (92.9%) than synonymous mutations, while nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations were almost equal when the cSNPs were at the third site. It was observed that there was Ile105 instead of Val105 at the active region Val104-Val105-Asp106-Ala107 of the alpha-amylase inhibitor by cSNPs in some inhibitors from Aegilops speltoides, diploid and hexaploid wheats.     

盐胁迫对大麦叶片类囊体膜组成和功能的影响

盐胁迫下大麦叶片类囊体膜蛋白和叶绿素含量以及对绿素a／叶绿素b、磷脂／膜蛋白和膜脂结合半乳糖／膜蛋白的比值下降,膜脂中亚麻酸（18：3）摩尔百分数上升,不饱和指数上升,类囊体膜H －ATPase活性先升后降,希尔反应一直呈较高活性。类囊体膜组分和功能的变化可能与植物盐适应有关。     

不同组织来源透明质酸的分离纯化及其鉴定

以猪牛眼玻璃体、鸡冠、人脐带为原料,利用水浸提,乙醇沉淀的方法,提取透明质酸粗品,经ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素纯化,获得高纯度的透明质酸．经测定,其蛋白含量０．３８％～０．６３％,分子量７．９×１０~４～４．７×１０~５,收率０．６４％～２．４％,红外扫描图谱与文献报道一致     

小麦多小穗品系10-A单株籽粒产量染色体效应的研究

本文以不分枝普通多小穗品系10-A为被测材料,中国春和阿勃两套单体系列为测验系,对单株籽粒产量进行了单体分析。结果表明,被测系10-A单株籽粒产量受5A、7A、1B、2B、6B、2D和7D等染色体上的基因所控制。其中,5A、7A、2D和7D染色体上的基因表现为增效,1B、2B和6B染色体上的基因表现为减效。就作用强度而言,7A、1B、2D染色体上的基因表现为强效,5A、2B、6B和7D染色体上的基因表现为弱效。Abstract:Monosomic analysis of grain yield per plant was carried out in the common wheat (Triticum aestivam L.) multispikelet line 10-A, by using the monosomic series of the two regular lines, “Chinese Spring ” and “Abbondanza”. The grain yield per plant of the tested line 10-A was found to be controlled by seven pairs of genes, located on the chromosomes 5A、7A、2D、 7D (with increase effect) and 1B、2B、6B (with decrease effect). Of these, the chromosomes 7A、1B and 2D might carry major effect genes, and the chromosomes 5A、2B、6B and 7D might carry minor effect genes.According to analysis of the results in the past studies and the present, I was speculated that the new gene governing grain yield per plant was probably carried on the chromosome 1B of the tested line 10-A.