钙处理对中华猕猴桃果实后熟过程的影响

研究了采后钙处理对中华猕猴桃果实的还原性Vc、还原糖、蛋白质及半乳精醛酸酶（PG）活性的影响。果实采后钙处理,能抑制PG酶的活性,延缓果实的衰老,同时保持果实的良好品质。利用中华猕猴桃对钙处理的适宜浓度范围较大的特性,可根据市场不同时期的需求采用不同浓度的钙处理。     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of A-ring modified betulinic acid derivatives

New A-ring modified betulinic acid derivatives having small steric hindrance were prepared and tested for cytotoxic activity on 3 cancer cell lines: 10 compounds showed stronger cytotoxic activity than betulinic acid. Especially, the compounds bearing 1-ene-3-oxo with electron-withdrawing groups at C2 showed strong cytotoxicity.     

表面展示表达植酸酶的重组酿酒酵母构建及酒精发酵

以淀粉为原料的同步糖化发酵是目前乙醇生产的主要途径之一。然而原料中含有的植酸不仅影响酒精发酵效率,而且也会导致环境中难以被植物吸收的磷含量的增加,加剧环境污染。将来源于大肠杆菌的植酸酶基因与酵母编码α-凝集素C端编码序列连接并置于α-因子分泌信号肽下游,构建植酸酶表面展示表达重组载体pMGK-AG-phy并转化工业酿酒酵母,成功获得了在细胞表面锚定表达植酸酶的重组菌PHY。重组酵母的植酸酶表达水平达到6.4 U/g(菌体湿重),其最适温度为55℃,最适pH 4.0,在pH 3.5–4.5范围内具有较高的活性。以玉米粉为原料的同步糖化发酵实验表明,重组酵母PHY的生长速度高于出发菌株,同时酒精产量相较于出发菌株提高了3.7%。更为重要的是发酵后酒糟中植酸磷含量与对照相比降低了91%。构建的表面展示表达植酸酶的重组工业酿酒酵母能够有效降低植酸含量,提高了酒糟的利用价值,减少磷排放,对燃料酒精的环境友好生产具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Persistence of caliciviruses in artificially contaminated oysters during depuration

The fate of calicivirus in oysters in a 10-day depuration was assessed. The norovirus gene was persistently detected from artificially contaminated oysters during the depuration, whereas feline calicivirus in oysters was promptly eliminated. The prolonged observation of norovirus in oysters implies the existence of a selective retention mechanism for norovirus within oysters.     

Single actomyosin motor interactions in skeletal muscle

We present a study of intramuscular motion during contraction of skeletal muscle myofibrils. Myofibrillar actin was labeled with fluorescent dye so that the ratio of fluorescently labeled to unlabeled protein was 1:10⁵. Such sparse labeling assured that there was on average only one actin-marker present in the focus at a given time. From the intensity signal in the two orthogonal detection channels, significant fluctuations, similar to fluorescent burst in diffusion-based single-molecule detection schemes, were identified via a threshold algorithm and analyzed with respect to their intensity and polarization. When only rigor complexes were formed, the fluctuations of polarized intensity were characterized by unimodal Gaussian photon distributions. During contraction, in contrast, bimodal Gaussian photon distributions were observed above the rigor background threshold. This suggests that the bimodal Gaussian photon distributions represent pre- and post-power stroke conformations. Clusters of polarized photons indicated an anisotropy decay of single actomyosin motors of ~ 9 s during muscle contraction.     

基于红外相机技术对亚洲象个体识别和种群数量的评估

以云南西双版纳国家级自然保护区尚勇子保护区内亚洲象种群为研究对象,通过自动红外照相技术,估算了该地区亚洲象的最小种群数量。本研究于2016年1月,在研究区域内共布设了27个相机位点,野外安放时间为4个月。调查期间,每台相机的有效捕获日为9-52d不等（均值为24d）,红外相机有效捕获日621d,拍摄到亚洲象照片共1944张。通过红外相机照片开展个体识别,最终估算出尚勇保护区内亚洲象的最小种群数量为69头（其中成年象38头,亚成象15头,幼象16头）。拍到7头活动于中国-老挝边境区域的跨境象群。本文探讨利用红外相机拍摄的亚洲象照片进行个体识别的方法,指出与常规调查方法相比较的优势和不足,作为快速、实时有效的种群评估方法的价值。研究结果丰富了保护区内亚洲象种群数据库,为研究、制定和开展亚洲象保护行动提供重要支撑。     

不同病理分期肺腺癌患者血清代谢组学研究

肺癌是当今世界最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其新发率和死亡率多年来都居于各类癌症之首,其中85%的肺癌都是非小细胞癌,而腺癌又是最常见的非小细胞癌。肺癌的高隐匿性是造成其高死亡率的最主要原因,因此为肺癌的早期诊断和病理分期寻求高效可靠的方法是十分必要的。代谢组学揭示了小分子代谢物的一系列变化,反映了生命活动的最终状态,因此也能直接反映疾病不同发展阶段的病理生理变化。本研究利用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR),对在我院就诊的27例不同病理分期的肺腺癌患者和13例健康志愿者进行了血清代谢物分析,运用正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对1H-NMR数据进行建模,单变量统计分析对模型进行评价。结果表明肺腺癌患者组的血清中有14种代谢物出现明显差异,其中丙酮酸、丙氨酸、NAC1、乳酸、GPC和甘氨酸比起对照组来有显著上升,而葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、丙酮、乙酰乙酸和苏氨酸则显著下降。而在不同分期肺腺癌患者间进行比较后发现,异亮氨酸、乙酰乙酸、NAC1和乳酸的变化与肺腺癌的发展有相关性,可能是肺腺癌早期诊断和分期的潜在生物标志物。     

Antiinflammatory Activity of a Novel Folic Acid Targeted Conjugate of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus

Folate receptor (FR)-β has been identified as a promising target for antimacrophage and antiinflammatory therapies. In the present study, we investigated EC0565, a folic acid–derivative of everolimus, as a FR-specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Because of its amphiphilic nature, EC0565 was first evaluated for water solubility, critical micelle formation, stability in culture and FR-binding specificity. Using FR-expressing macrophages, the effect of EC0565 on mTOR signaling and cellular proliferation was studied. The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and bioavailability of EC0565 were studied in normal rats. The in vivo activity of EC0565 was assessed in rats with adjuvant arthritis, a “macrophage-rich” model with close resemblance to rheumatoid arthritis. EC0565 forms micellar aggregates in physiological buffers and demonstrates good water solubility as well as strong multivalent FR-binding capacity. EC0565 inhibited mTOR signaling in rat macrophages at nanomolar concentrations and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in serum-starved RAW264.7 cells. Subcutaneously administered EC0565 in rats displayed good bioavailability and a relatively long half-life (~12 h). When given at 250 nmol/kg, EC0565 selectively inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in thioglycollate-stimulated rat peritoneal cells. With limited dosing regimens, the antiarthritic activity of EC0565 was found superior to that of etanercept, everolimus and a nontargeted everolimus analog. The in vivo activity of EC0565 was also comparable to that of a folate-targeted aminopterin. Folate-targeted mTOR inhibition may be an effective way of suppressing activated macrophages in sites of inflammation, especially in nutrient-deprived conditions, such as in the arthritic joints. Further investigation and improvement upon the physical and biochemical properties of EC0565 are warranted.