全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18683篇 |
免费 | 1323篇 |
国内免费 | 260篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 30篇 |
2023年 | 102篇 |
2022年 | 297篇 |
2021年 | 449篇 |
2020年 | 310篇 |
2019年 | 390篇 |
2018年 | 525篇 |
2017年 | 420篇 |
2016年 | 695篇 |
2015年 | 1004篇 |
2014年 | 1204篇 |
2013年 | 1275篇 |
2012年 | 1681篇 |
2011年 | 1572篇 |
2010年 | 1012篇 |
2009年 | 804篇 |
2008年 | 1165篇 |
2007年 | 1023篇 |
2006年 | 941篇 |
2005年 | 842篇 |
2004年 | 832篇 |
2003年 | 695篇 |
2002年 | 587篇 |
2001年 | 467篇 |
2000年 | 430篇 |
1999年 | 318篇 |
1998年 | 151篇 |
1997年 | 127篇 |
1996年 | 88篇 |
1995年 | 84篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 51篇 |
1992年 | 109篇 |
1991年 | 79篇 |
1990年 | 61篇 |
1989年 | 61篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
161.
162.
Jung‐Gu Han Chihyun Hwang Su Hwan Kim Chanhyun Park Jonghak Kim Gwan Yeong Jung Kyungeun Baek Sujong Chae Seok Ju Kang Jaephil Cho Sang Kyu Kwak Hyun‐Kon Song Nam‐Soon Choi 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(20)
High‐capacity Li‐rich layered oxide cathodes along with Si‐incorporated graphite anodes have high reversible capacity, outperforming the electrode materials used in existing commercial products. Hence, they are potential candidates for the development of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, structural degradation induced by loss of interfacial stability is a roadblock to their practical use. Here, the use of malonic acid‐decorated fullerene (MA‐C60) with superoxide dismutase activity and water scavenging capability as an electrolyte additive to overcome the structural instability of high‐capacity electrodes that hampers the battery quality is reported. Deactivation of PF5 by water scavenging leads to the long‐term stability of the interfacial structures of electrodes. Moreover, an MA‐C60‐added electrolyte deactivates the reactive oxygen species and constructs an electrochemically robust cathode‐electrolyte interface for Li‐rich cathodes. This work paves the way for new possibilities in the design of electrolyte additives by eliminating undesirable reactive substances and tuning the interfacial structures of high‐capacity electrodes in LIBs. 相似文献
163.
Young Moon Choi Byoung Wan Lee Myung Sun Jung Hyun Soo Han Suk Hyun Kim Kaifeng Chen Dong Ha Kim Tony F. Heinz Shanhui Fan Jihye Lee Gi‐Ra Yi Jung Kyu Kim Jong Hyeok Park 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(22)
N‐type metal oxides such as hematite (α‐Fe2O3) and bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) are promising candidate materials for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting; however, their short minority carrier diffusion length and restricted carrier lifetime result in undesired rapid charge recombination. Herein, a 2D arranged globular Au nanosphere (NS) monolayer array with a highly ordered hexagonal hole pattern (hereafter, Au array) is introduced onto the surface of photoanodes comprised of metal oxide films via a facile drying and transfer‐printing process. Through plasmon‐induced resonance energy transfer, the Au array provides a strong electromagnetic field in the near‐surface area of the metal oxide film. The near‐field coupling interaction and amplification of the electromagnetic field suppress the charge recombination with long‐lived photogenerated holes and simultaneously enhance the light harvesting and charge transfer efficiencies. Consequently, an over 3.3‐fold higher photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is achieved for the Au array/α‐Fe2O3. Furthermore, the high versatility of this transfer printing of Au arrays is demonstrated by introducing it on the molybdenum‐doped BiVO4 film, resulting in 1.5‐fold higher photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus RHE. The tailored metal film design can provide a potential strategy for the versatile application in various light‐mediated energy conversion and optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
164.
Qun Fan Pengfei Hou Changhyeok Choi Tai‐Sing Wu Song Hong Fang Li Yun‐Liang Soo Peng Kang Yousung Jung Zhenyu Sun 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(5)
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to fuels and value‐added industrial chemicals is a promising strategy for keeping a healthy balance between energy supply and net carbon emissions. Here, the facile transformation of residual Ni particle catalysts in carbon nanotubes into thermally stable single Ni atoms with a possible NiN3 moiety is reported, surrounded with a porous N‐doped carbon sheath through a one‐step nanoconfined pyrolysis strategy. These structural changes are confirmed by X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The dispersed Ni single atoms facilitate highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at low overpotentials to yield CO, providing a CO faradaic efficiency exceeding 90%, turnover frequency approaching 12 000 h?1, and metal mass activity reaching about 10 600 mA mg?1, outperforming current state‐of‐the‐art single atom catalysts for CO2 reduction to CO. DFT calculations suggest that the Ni@N3 (pyrrolic) site favors *COOH formation with lower free energy than Ni@N4, in addition to exothermic CO desorption, hence enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 conversion. This finding provides a simple, scalable, and promising route for the preparation of low‐cost, abundant, and highly active single atom catalysts, benefiting future practical CO2 electrolysis. 相似文献
165.
Dinh Chuong Nguyen Duy Thanh Tran Thi Luu Luyen Doan Do Hwan Kim Nam Hoon Kim Joong Hee Lee 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(8)
A novel hybrid of small core@shell structured CoSx@Cu2MoS4 uniformly hybridizing with a molybdenum dichalcogenide/N,S‐codoped graphene hetero‐network (CoSx@Cu2MoS4‐MoS2/NSG) is prepared by a facile route. It shows excellent performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium. The hybrid exhibits rapid kinetics for ORR with high electron transfer number of ≈3.97 and exciting durability superior to commercial Pt/C. It also demonstrates great potential with remarkable stability for HER and OER, requiring low overpotential of 118.1 and 351.4 mV, respectively, to reach a current density of 10 mA cm?2. An electrolyzer based on CoSx@Cu2MoS4‐MoS2/NSG produces low cell voltage of 1.60 V and long‐term stability, surpassing a device of Pt/C + RuO2/C. In addition, a Zn‐air battery using cathodic CoSx@Cu2MoS4‐MoS2/NSG catalyst delivers a high cell voltage of ≈1.44 V and a power density of 40 mW cm?2 at 58 mA cm?2, better than the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst. These achievements are due to the rational combination of highly active core@shell CoSx@Cu2MoS4 with large‐area and high‐porosity MoS2/NSG to produce unique physicochemical properties with multi‐integrated active centers and synergistic effects. The outperformances of such catalyst suggest an advanced candidate for multielectrocatalysis applications in metal‐air batteries and hydrogen production. 相似文献
166.
Hoon‐Hee Ryu Nam‐Yung Park Dae Ro Yoon Un‐Hyuck Kim Chong S. Yoon Yang‐Kook Sun 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(25)
A new class of layered cathodes, Li[NixCoyB1?x?y]O2 (NCB), is synthesized. The proposed NCB cathodes have a unique microstructure in which elongated primary particles are tightly packed into spherical secondary particles. The cathodes also exhibit a strong crystallographic texture in which the a–b layer planes are aligned along the radial direction, facilitating Li migration. The microstructure, which effectively suppresses the formation of microcracks, improves the cycling stability of the NCB cathodes. The NCB cathode with 1.5 mol% B delivers a discharge capacity of 234 mAh g?1 at 0.1 C and retains 91.2% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles (compared to values of 229 mAh g?1 at 0.1 C and 78.8% for pristine Li[Ni0.9Co0.1]O2). This study shows the importance of controlling the microstructure to obtain the required cycling stability, especially for Ni‐rich layered cathodes, where the main cause of capacity fading is related to mechanical strain in their charged state. 相似文献
167.
Regmi Sudip Choi Yoon Seok Kim Young Kyun Khan Md Maruf Lee Sang Hun Choi Yun Hee Cho Seung Sik Jin Ying-Yu Yoo Jin Cheol Suh Joo-Won 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2020,43(2):249-259
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - The β-glucanase produced from Bacillus sp. CSB55 not only depicts the potent industrial characteristics but also relates as bio-industrial catalyst... 相似文献
168.
169.
肺癌是当今世界最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其新发率和死亡率多年来都居于各类癌症之首,其中85%的肺癌都是非小细胞癌,而腺癌又是最常见的非小细胞癌。肺癌的高隐匿性是造成其高死亡率的最主要原因,因此为肺癌的早期诊断和病理分期寻求高效可靠的方法是十分必要的。代谢组学揭示了小分子代谢物的一系列变化,反映了生命活动的最终状态,因此也能直接反映疾病不同发展阶段的病理生理变化。本研究利用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR),对在我院就诊的27例不同病理分期的肺腺癌患者和13例健康志愿者进行了血清代谢物分析,运用正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对1H-NMR数据进行建模,单变量统计分析对模型进行评价。结果表明肺腺癌患者组的血清中有14种代谢物出现明显差异,其中丙酮酸、丙氨酸、NAC1、乳酸、GPC和甘氨酸比起对照组来有显著上升,而葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、丙酮、乙酰乙酸和苏氨酸则显著下降。而在不同分期肺腺癌患者间进行比较后发现,异亮氨酸、乙酰乙酸、NAC1和乳酸的变化与肺腺癌的发展有相关性,可能是肺腺癌早期诊断和分期的潜在生物标志物。 相似文献
170.
Wasp venom is a complex mixture of biologically active components, including high molecular weight proteins, small peptides, bioactive amines, and amino acids. Peptides comprise up to 70% of dried venom. In social wasp venoms, three of the major peptide types are mastoparans, which cause mast cell degranulation, chemotactic peptides, which promote chemotaxis of polymorphonucleated leukocytes, and kinin‐related peptides, which are known to produce pain and increase vascular permeability. Among these, the bioactive tridecapeptide mastoparan is the most common and may even have antimicrobial activity. Herein we summarize the results of studies on vespid mastoparans, focusing on hornets (Vespa spp.) identified following a systematic literature search for mastoparans of hornets in the genus Vespa, the most active mastoparan research taxon. The common features of hornet mastoparans are C‐terminal amidation, amphipathic helical structure, and multiple functions such as mast cell degranulation and hemolysis, as well as membrane permeabilization. Most interestingly, all tested hornet mastoparans have strong antimicrobial activities, suggesting that they can provide useful insights into and opportunities for development of novel antibacterial peptides. 相似文献