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131.
A A Poznanskaja K Tanizawa K Soda T Toraya S Fukui 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1979,194(2):379-386
A purification procedure for diol dehydrase (dl-1,2-propanediol hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.28) of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Aerobacter aerogenes) ATCC 8724 has been developed which gives the highest specific activity for this enzyme obtained so far. The purified enzyme is homogeneous by the criteria of ultracentrifugation (s20,w = 8.9 S) and disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of substrate. The molecular weight of approximately 230,000 was obtained by gel filtration and ultracentrifugal sedimentation equilibrium. The enzyme is composed of components F and S whose molecular weights were determined to be approximately 26,000 and 200,000, respectively, by gel filtration. The incubation of both components F and S with the substrate leads to complete reassociation of the components. Disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and terminal amino acid analyses indicate that component S consists of at least four nonidentical subunits. The reversible association and heterogeneity of the subunits were also demonstrated with the crude enzyme by immunoelectrophoresis. 相似文献
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Profuse appearance of microbodies was observed in the cells of methanol-utilizing yeasts in connection with the enhanced catalase activity. These microbodies were isolated successfully by means of sucrose gradient centrifugation from the methanol-grown cells of Kloeckera sp. no. 2201. Localization of a flavin-dependent alcohol oxidase as well as characteristic microbody enzymes (catalase and D-amino acid oxidase) were ascertained in the isolated microbodies, whereas formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases were detected in the cytoplasmic region. Localization of catalase in the isolated microbody was also demonstrated by the cytochemical technique with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. 相似文献
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136.
Ulrich Dobramysl Iris Katharina Jarsch Yoshiko Inoue Hanae Shimo Benjamin Richier Jonathan R. Gadsby Julia Mason Alicja Szaapak Pantelis Savvas Ioannou Guilherme Pereira Correia Astrid Walrant Richard Butler Edouard Hannezo Benjamin D. Simons Jennifer L. Gallop 《The Journal of cell biology》2021,220(4)
Assemblies of actin and its regulators underlie the dynamic morphology of all eukaryotic cells. To understand how actin regulatory proteins work together to generate actin-rich structures such as filopodia, we analyzed the localization of diverse actin regulators within filopodia in Drosophila embryos and in a complementary in vitro system of filopodia-like structures (FLSs). We found that the composition of the regulatory protein complex where actin is incorporated (the filopodial tip complex) is remarkably heterogeneous both in vivo and in vitro. Our data reveal that different pairs of proteins correlate with each other and with actin bundle length, suggesting the presence of functional subcomplexes. This is consistent with a theoretical framework where three or more redundant subcomplexes join the tip complex stochastically, with any two being sufficient to drive filopodia formation. We provide an explanation for the observed heterogeneity and suggest that a mechanism based on multiple components allows stereotypical filopodial dynamics to arise from diverse upstream signaling pathways. 相似文献
137.
Arakawa Tsutomu Tokunaga Masao Kita Yoshiko Niikura Takako Baker Richard W. Reimer Janice M. Leschziner Andres E. 《The protein journal》2021,40(6):867-875
The Protein Journal - Difference circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used here to characterize changes in structure of flexible peptides upon altering their environments. Environmental changes... 相似文献
138.
Nobuho Tanaka Yasuko Ikeda Tetsuo Yamaguchi Hiroshi Furukawa Hiroyuki Mitomi Takumi Nakagawa Shigeto Tohma Naoshi Fukui 《Arthritis research & therapy》2013,15(5):R127
Introduction
Articular chondrocytes undergo an obvious phenotypic change when cultured in monolayers. During this change, or dedifferentiation, the expression of type I and type III procollagen is induced where normal chondrocytes express little type I and type III procollagen. In this study, we attempted to determine the mechanism(s) for the induction of such procollagen expression in dedifferentiating chondrocytes.Methods
All experiments were performed using primary-cultured human articular chondrocytes under approval of institutional review boards. Integrin(s) responsible for the induction of type I and type III procollagen expression were specified by RNAi experiments. The signal pathway(s) involved in the induction were determined by specific inhibitors and RNAi experiments. Adenovirus-mediated experiments were performed to identify a small GTPase regulating the activity of integrins in dedifferentiating chondrocytes. The effect of inhibition of integrins on dedifferentiation was investigated by experiments using echistatin, a potent disintegrin. The effect of echistatin was investigated first with monolayer-cultured chondrocytes, and then with pellet-cultured chondrocytes.Results
In dedifferentiating chondrocytes, α5β1 integrin was found to be involved in the induction of type I and type III procollagen expression. The induction was known to be mediated by v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) signaling. Among the three AKT isoforms, AKT1 seemed to be most involved in the signaling. Elated RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog (RRAS) was considered to regulate the progression of dedifferentiation by modulating the affinity and avidity of α5β1 integrin to ligands. Echistatin inhibited dedifferentiation of monolayer-cultured chondrocytes. Furthermore, the matrix formed by pellet-cultured chondrocytes more closely resembled that of normal cartilage compared with the controls.Conclusions
The result of this study has shown, for the first time, that α5β1 integrin may be responsible for the induction of non-cartilaginous collagen expression in chondrocytes undergoing dedifferentiation. Again, this study has shown that the inhibition of ligand ligation to integrins may be an effective strategy to inhibit phenotypic change of cultured chondrocytes, and to improve the quality of matrix synthesized by primary cultured chondrocytes. 相似文献139.
Tokumi Maruyama Yasuaki Hanai Yoshiko Sato 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(2-4):855-864
Abstract 9-Cyclobutyladenines bearing both methylene and hydroxymethyl groups, 3 and 4, were prepared by dehydration of carbocyclic oxetanocin A (1a). Introduction of a double bond into cyclobutane ring was achieved by allylic oxidation of N 6-benzoyl-9-[3-methylenecyclobutyl]adenine (12), which after several steps, afforded 9-[3-(hydroxy-methyl)-2-cyclobutenyl)adenine (5). 相似文献
140.
Karina Motta Melo Ingrid Reale Alves Julio Cesar Pieczarka José Augusto de Oliveira David Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi Cesar Koppe Grisolia 《Genetics and molecular biology》2013,36(3):425-429
The frequency of spontaneous micronucleus (MN) formation in fish species needs to be determined to evaluate their usefulness for genotoxic biomonitoring. The definition of a good bioindicator takes into account the current knowledge of its metabolic traits as well as other factors including its feeding behavior and relationship to the environment. In this study, we compared the basal frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes and nuclear abnormalities (NA) among different species of the fish Order Gymnotiformes (Rhamphichthys marmoratus, Steatogenys elegans, Sternopygus macrurus, Parapteronotus hasemani, Gymnotus mamiraua, Gymnotus arapaima, Brachyhypopomus beebei, Brachyhypopomus n. sp. BENN) sampled in several localities of the Eastern Amazon. A baseline of MN and NA frequency in these fish was determined, enabling the identification of potentially useful species as models for genotoxicity studies. Only one impacted sample collected at a site in the River Caripetuba showed a significant number of NAs, which may be due to the release of wastewater by neighbouring mining industries and by the burnt fuel released by the small boats used by a local community. Our results may provide support for further studies in areas of the Eastern Amazon affected by mining, deforestation and other anthropogenic activities. 相似文献