Metabolites of mating pheromone,rhodotorucine A, by a cells of Rhodosporidiumtoruloides

Rhodotorucine $\text{A}$ which induces mating tube formation of $\text{a}$ cells in $\text{Rhodosporidium}\text{toruloides}$ is metabolized rapidly by $\text{a}$ cells. By use of labeled rhodotorucine $\text{A}$, the degradation was found to be proteolytic. Two peptide fragments Tyr-Pro-Glu-Ile-Ser-Trp-Thr-Arg and Asn-Gly-Cys(S-farnesyl) were identified as the metabolites. Proteolysis of the pheromone mainly occurred on the cell surface. Culture filtrate of $\text{a}$ cells at log phase did not metabolize rhodotorucine $\text{A}$.     

Modification of human hemoglobin with polyethylene glycol: A new candidate for blood substitute

Human hemoglobin was modified with polyethylene glycols. The conjugates exhibited P₅₀ values of 10–15 mmHg, those are enough to deliver oxygen from the lungs to tissues. The most remarkable characteristic is their long half disappearance time from the circulation. The longest half disappearance time of these derivatives is about 180 minutes in contrast to 45 minutes of free hemoglobin. The half disappearance time shows a good corelation not to molecular weight but to the effective molecular size, which is determined by the elution time of HPLC on a gel permeation column.     

Fibrin membrane endowed with biological function VI. Immobilization of multienzymes of urea cycle

Four enzymes in urea cycle and inorganic pyrophosphatase were immobilized simultaneously into a matrix of fibrin fiber formed from fibrinogen by the concerted action of thrombin and blood coagulation Factor XIII. The immobilized multienzyme system not only had an ability to carry out urea cycle continuously at least over several hours, but also had a greatly improved efficiency over the corresponding soluble system.     

The insecticidal activity of some norditerpene dilactones

The effects on housefly (Musca domestica) of six norditerpene lactones (nagilactones B, D, E, podolide, hallactone B and 14-epi-ponalactone A) in a defined diet were tested. Nagilactone D was the most active, with an LD₅₀ of 0.7 ppm. Nagilactones C and D were also toxic to light-brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) and codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella).The relationship between lactone structure and toxicity to housefly is discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Viele aus Podocarpus-Arten isolierte Norditerpenlactone sind für Stubenfliegen toxisch. Es wird über die Resultate der Fütterung von sechs Lactonen an die Stubenfliege in einem definierten Nährboden berichtet und die LD₅₀ von zwölf Verbindungen werden verglichen. Der aktivste Stoff ist Nagilacton mit einer LD₅₀ von 0,7 ppm. Nagilacton C und D sind auch toxisch für Epiphyas postvittana und für den Apfelwickler. Die wirksamsten Verbindungen haben eine kurze nichtpolare Seitenkette und eine elektronenreiche, funktionelle Gruppe bei C-8, ferner sind sie Epoxyalkohole in Ring-A. Diese in der Natur vorkommenden Lactone spielen wahrscheinlich eine Schutzrolle in der Pflanze.

     

基于湿度分布特征的小尺度土壤碳通量空间采样策略

由于土壤碳通量的空间异质性很强,传统的随机抽样方法无法对区域土壤碳通量进行准确估算,而多点采样需耗费大量的人力及设备成本,因此确定适当的采样点数量及分布策略对于区域土壤碳通量的测算非常重要。提出一种基于湿度空间分布特征的小尺度土壤碳通量空间采样策略:首先利用无线传感网密集测量区域的土壤湿度,根据湿度数据的空间分布特征划分监测区域,通过Hammond Mc Cullagh方程计算各子区域内的最优采样点数量,最终确定整个监测区域的空间采样点部署策略。提出的方法考虑了各子区域间土壤碳通量空间分布的差异,使得采样点的部署位置与土壤碳通量的分布具有较好的相关性。研究结果证明:土壤碳通量部署策略能够获得比均匀部署策略、随机部署策略更高的区域土壤碳通量估算准确度。     

Protoplast isolation and fusion in Porphyra (Bangiales,Rhodophyta)

Two sediment sampling campaigns were conducted in 1978 and 1988 in Lake Geneva (Switzerland). Organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and its various forms were analyzed. Results indicate a stability of organic carbon and nitrogen mass, and a significant increase of phosphorus. The variation of phosphorus mass is related to the increase of nonapatite inorganic phosphorus. This study attempts to quantify the phosphorus exchanges at the water sediment interface. The dissolved oxygen level in the bottom water determines the exchange direction. In aerobic conditions, sediments accumulate the excess of phosphorus, while in anaerobic conditions, they constitute an internal source.     

Phospholipase D production using immobilized cells of Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum

Summary Production of phospholipase D (PLD) by Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum immobilized within porous particles was investigated in repeated batch fermentation. The enzyme productivity in repeated batch fermentation was 2.2-fold that obtained in batch fermentation without immobilization, since many of the immobilized cells could be utilized as seed cells for each subsequent batch cycle.