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931.
932.
Muroyama K Murosaki S Yamamoto Y Ishijima A Toh Y 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2003,67(11):2325-2333
We assessed the effects of intake of thiamin, arginine, caffeine, and citric acid (TACC) on lipid metabolism in healthy subjects. Thirty-one subjects with high percent body fat (> or = 25.0%) were randomly assigned to a 12-wk intervention with daily intake of TACC-supplemented tea (1.1, 1240, 52, and 540 mg, respectively; n=16) or control tea (n=15). The percent body fat decreased significantly during the intervention in both groups, especially in the TACC group. A percentage decrease in triceps skinfold was significantly greater in the TACC group than in the control group. The decrease in abdominal visceral fat in obese subjects was significantly greater in the TACC group than in the control group. Serum triglyceride was significantly lower during intervention than that during the non-intervention period in the TACC group. These results suggest that TACC may be effective in reducing body fat in obese subjects. 相似文献
933.
Shinomiya H Nagai K Hirata H Kobayashi N Hasegawa H Liu F Sumita K Asano Y 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2003,67(6):1368-1375
We previously identified a 65-kDa protein (p65) that was phosphorylated in activated macrophages. It has turned out to be a murine homologue of human L-plastin, which was identified as a novel protein in human cancer cells. p65/L-plastin is characterized by a series of Ca(2+)-, calmodulin-, and actin-binding domains, and is thought to play a crucial role in leukocytes and cancer cells. We have expressed a recombinant (r) p65/L-plastin in Escherichia coli that binds to beta-actin and prepared high-titer antibodies using large amounts of the protein as immunogen. Anti-rp65/L-plastin antibodies recognize native p65/L-plastin as well as rp65/L-plastin and have enabled us to detect the fine structures of intracellular p65/L-plastin, and it was found that its localization was extensively changed by stimulation with bacterial components. We further developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and a flow cytometry method using these reagents, which made it possible to measure antibodies, including autoantibodies, against p65/L-plastin and to evaluate the maturation-dependent expression of the protein in leukocytes. 相似文献
934.
Ozeki Y Chikagawa Y Kimura S Soh HC Maeda K Pornsiriwong W Kato M Akimoto H Oyanagi M Fukuda T Koda T Itoh Y Yamada A Davies E Ueno H Takeda J 《Journal of plant research》2003,116(2):155-159
Deletion mutants of the carrot phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene promoter were used to survey cis-elements for their effect on expression of promoter activity by transient expression. Two putative cis-elements were required to give full activity, but a third might be the most important in regulation of the promoter by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
935.
Kazuhiko?Yokota Yasunari?MatsunoEmail author Masaru?Yamashita Yoshihiro?Adachi 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2003,8(3):129-136
Scope In this study, a dynamic model was built in which LCA and PBM were integrated to quantitatively assess the total environmental
impacts induced by the product population in a society over time. Specifically, a determination was carried out concerning
how Japan’s air conditioner population is used (lifetime distribution, number of units, etc.) and an assessment was made concerning
the Global Warming Potential (GWP) associated with the air conditioner population.
Methods The proposed dynamic model was applied to air conditioners for analyzing the total GWP caused by the air conditioner population
in Japan from 1990 to 2010. To create a trend forecast model for future environmental load, scenarios for air conditioner
production up to 2010 were formulated and the total GWP from the air conditioner population was predicted. Conducted also
were sensitivity analyses whose parameters were air conditioner performance, lifetime and the rate of refrigerant recovery
when retired units are processed.
Results and Discussion Applying the PBM to the air conditioner population in 2000, it was found that 81.5 million units consumed 5.94 x 10p10 kWh in that year, which was a 6.1 % increase in the total annual power consumption in 1990. In both a stationary scenario
and a steady growth (1.5% annual increase), it was found that the total GWP would be 27.7% higher than in 1990 under the stationary
scenario and 37.8% higher under the steady growth scenario. The improvements in air conditioner performance will have a small
effect on reducing the total GWP from that population. Furthermore, in connection with the average lifetime, it was found
that the GWP, due to refrigerant releases when units are disposed of, would be relatively large in 2000 and the following
years.
Conclusions Thus, shorter product lifetimes will spur a replacement of air conditioners with new units, a situation that will only lead
to the reduction of GWP if the recovery rate of refrigerant is to be achieved to more than 50% under the stationary scenario.
Recommendations and Outlook To meet COP3 targets for Japan in 2010 (i.e. to reach the same level as in 1990 for household appliances), our study shows
that it will be vital to raise the refrigerant recovery rate. If the number of air conditioners in use remains unchanged,
recovery would have to be 45.7%, but under the steady growth scenario it would have to be at least 60.4%. Therefore, it will
be difficult to meet COP3 targets unless the refrigerant recovery rate is strongly increased. This method is applicable to
assess not only the GWP of air conditioners, but also other environmental impacts caused by a variety of product populations,
which will be quite effective for setting targets of products’ performance, policymaking, etc. 相似文献
936.
937.
938.
Korekane H Taguchi T Sakamoto Y Honke K Dohmae N Salminen H Toivonen S Helin J Takio K Renkonen O Taniguchi N 《Glycobiology》2003,13(5):387-400
A rat intestinal beta1,6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta1-6GnT) responsible for the formation of the beta1,6-branched poly-N-acetyllactosamine structure has been purified to apparent homogeneity by successive column chromatographic procedures using an assay wherein pyridylaminated lacto- N-triose II (GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-PA) was used as an acceptor substrate and the reaction product was GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)Galbeta1-4Glc-PA. The purified enzyme catalyzed the conversion of the polylactosamine acceptor GlcNAcbeta1-3'LacNAc into GlcNAcbeta1-3'(GlcNAcbeta1-6') LacNAc (dIGnT activity), but it could not transfer GlcNAc to LacNAcbeta1-3'LacNAc (cIGnT activity). This enzyme could also convert mucin core 1 and core 3 analogs, Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-O-paranitrophenyl (pNP) and GlcNAcbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-O-pNP, into Galbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6) GalNAcalpha1-O-pNP (C2GnT activity) and GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1-O-pNP (C4GnT activity), respectively. Based on the partial amino acid sequences of the purified protein, the cDNA encoding this enzyme was cloned. The COS-1 cells transiently transfected with this cDNA had high dI/C2/C4GnT activities in a ratio of 0.34:1.00:0.90, compared with non- or mock-transfected cells. The primary structure shows a significant homology with human and viral mucin-type core 2 beta1-6GnTs (C2GnT-Ms), indicating that this enzyme is the rat ortholog of human and viral C2GnT-Ms. This is the first identification and purification of this enzyme as a major carrier of dIGnT activity in the small intestine. This rat ortholog should mostly be responsible for making distal I-branch structures on poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences in this tissue, as well as making mucin core 2 and core 4 structures, given that it also has high C2/C4GnT activities. 相似文献
939.
Uzawa H Nishida Y Sasaki K Nagatsuka T Hiramatsu H Kobayashi K 《Carbohydrate research》2004,339(9):1597-1602
A chemoenzymic methodology is extended to the library synthesis of regioselectively O-sulfonated pNP D-gluco and D-mannopyranosides. The method involves the sequential reactions of chemical O-sulfonation and sulfatase-catalyzed O-desulfonation. pNP 2,6-di-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and pNP 3,6-di-O-sulfo-alpha-D-mannopyranoside were obtained as sodium salts using chemical methods by way of dibutylstannylene acetals or tributylstannyl ethers. They were then applied to enzyme reactions using three molluscan enzymes (snail, limpet, and abalone). The sulfatase reactions cleaved a sulfate group at the secondary O-2 or O-3 position to yield the corresponding pNP 6-O-sulfo sugars. Neither pNP 6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranoside nor 6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-mannopyranoside became the enzyme substrate. Evidently, the molluscan sulfatases have a tendency to cleave the secondary O-sulfo group with assistance from the 6-O-sulfo group. 相似文献
940.
Fujisaki K Hagihara F Azukawa Y Kaido M Okuno T Mise K 《Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI》2004,17(9):967-975
The natural variation of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to a bromovirus, Spring beauty latent virus (SBLV), was examined. Of 63 Arabidopsis accessions tested, all were susceptible when inoculated with SBLV, although there was a large degree of variation in symptom development. Most accessions, including Columbia (Col-0), were symptomless or developed only mild symptoms, but four accessions, including S96, showed severe symptoms of SBLV infection. Genetic analysis suggested that the difference in the responses of Col-0 and S96 to SBLV was controlled by a single semidominant locus. We have designated this locus SSB1 (symptom development by SBLV infection). By using genetic markers, SSB1 was mapped to chromosome IV. The patterns of distribution and accumulation of SBLV in sensitive accessions were similar to those in the insensitive accessions. In addition, symptom development in S96 by SBLV infection was critically interrupted by the presence of the NahG gene, which encodes salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylase. These data suggest that symptom development in A. thaliana controlled by SSB1 is independent of the efficiency of SBLV multiplication and is dependent on SA signaling. 相似文献