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61.
DNA replication patterns of individual chromosomes and their various euchromatic and heterochromatic regions were analyzed by means of quantitative autoradiography. The cultured cells of the skin fibroblast of a male Indian muntjac were pulse labeled with 3H-thymidine and chromosome samples were prepared for the next 32 h at 1–2 h intervals. A typical late replication pattern widely observed in heterochromatin was not found in the muntjac chromosomes. The following points make the DNA replication of the muntjac chromosomes characteristics: (1) Heterochromatin replicated its DNA in a shorter period with a higher rate than euchromatin. (2) Two small euchromatic regions adjacent to centromeric heterochromatin behaved differently from other portions of euchromatin, possessing shorter Ts, higher DNA synthetic rates and starting much later and ending earlier their DNA replication. (3) Segmental replication patterns were observed in the chromosomes 2 and 3 during the entire S phase. (4) Both homologues of the chromosome 3 showed a synchronous DNA replication pattern throughout the S phase except in the distal portion of the long arms during the mid-S phase. 相似文献
62.
Kiyomi Wada Akeo Kadota Hiromichi Tanihira Yoshihiro Suzuki 《Journal of plant research》1981,94(3):239-247
Suspension of protoplasts (ca. 13–25 μm in diameter) that were isolated from the mesophyll of the cotyledons ofPharbitis nil, strain Violet, contained many large spherical or spheroidal bodies (ca. 100 μm in diameter). Microscopic observation of these bodies and some anatomic studies of the cotyledons during embryogenesis and after germination showed that these bodies are giant cells containing many oil drops stainable with Sudan dyes. Such giant cells were found in four otherPharbitis nil strains, Nepal, Tendan, Africa and Tokyo-kokei, and in six other Convolvulacean plants,Ipomoea batatas, cv. Koukei-14,Calystegia japonica, Calystegia hederacea, Calonyction aculeatum, Quamoclit pennata andCuscuta japonica. 相似文献
63.
64.
When mt+ and mt gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiwere mixed, shedding of cell walls took place in both matingtypes during massive agglutination and/or pairing. This wascaused by a cell wall lytic factor that had been induced byflagellar agglutination and excreted into the medium by cellsconcurrently with their cell wall release. When glutaraldehyde-fixed gametes and isolated flagella of onemating type caused isoagglutination of live gametes of the othermating type, the live mt+ gametes induced the lytic factor andshed their walls, whereas none of the live mt did this.The cell walls of mt gametes were lost only when thelytic factor, which had been excreted by mt+ gametes into themedium, acted from the outside. These data imply that mt+ gametesare responsible for the induction of the lytic factor by agglutination,which acts on cell walls of both mating types either endogenouslyor exogenously. (Received February 28, 1978; ) 相似文献
65.
Seiichi Tokura Yoshihiro Ikeuchi Shin-ichiro Nishimura Norio Nishi 《International journal of biological macromolecules》1983,5(4):249
A new type polyamide containing a glucose unit in the main chain has been synthesized by the polymerization of C1, C3, C4 blocked C6-carboxymethylglucosamine, prepared from chitin. The deblocking procedure gave the water-soluble polyamide, of MW 1.5 × 104, which can be regarded as a model for the recognition site of lectin. 相似文献
66.
Koh Iba Ken-Ichiro Takamiya Yoshihiro Toh Hikaru Satoh Mitsuo Nishimura 《Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)》1991,12(5):342-348
The ability to form functionally active chloroplasts is determined at a certain early stage of leaf development in three non-allelic temperature-sensitive virescent mutants of rice. Temperature-shift analysis, together with anatomical observations, indicates that the intrinsic developmental signals of the virescent genes are expressed at the stage immediately following the formation of basic leaf structure, but just before the onset of leaf elongation. These signals control the expression of chloroplast-encoded genes but do not affect the subsequent morphological development of the leaf or the photo-regulation of the expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast proteins. 相似文献
67.
Summary Lipase was modified with several hydrophilic and hydrophobic synthetic polymers. The modified lipase was solubilized into chloroform by. The catalytic esterification activity of modified lipase increased linearly with the increase of its solubility in chloroform. 相似文献
68.
Nobuyuki Uozumi Yoshihiro Kato Yutaka Nakashimada Takeshi Kobayashi 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1992,37(5):560-565
Summary The effect of ion-supplemented medium on peroxidase excretion from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) hairy roots was studied. Supplementation of mannitol instead of ions revealed that the excretion was stimulated not by osmotic pressure in the medium but by ionic properties. Extracellular peroxidase activity per dry cell was proportionally correlated with the ionic strength of the cations. CaCl2 or MgCl2 was found to be the most effective agent for excretion among other combinations. CaCl2 supplementation at the beginning of the culture caused higher peroxidase production in the medium without a significant loss of final cell mass compared with CaCl2 addition during the culture. Repeated batch culture with 50 mM CaCl2 supplementation allowed a continuous retention of cell viability over 149 days and produced a great amount of extracellular peroxidase, 12-fold higher than that achieved in a 40-day-old batch culture with 50 mM CaCl2 supplementation.
Correspondence to: T. Kobayashi 相似文献
69.
T Yamamoto Y Shibuya N Nishino H Okabe T Kambara 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1990,1038(2):231-239
Human Hageman factor, a plasma proteinase zymogen, was activated in vitro under a near physiological condition (pH 7.8, ionic strength I = 0.14, 37 degrees C) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, which is a zinc-dependent tissue destructive neutral proteinase. This activation was completely inhibited by a specific inhibitor of the elastase, HONHCOCH(CH2C6H5)CO-Ala-Gly-NH2, at a concentration as low as 10 microM. In this activation Hagemen factor was cleaved, in a limited fashion, liberating two fragments with apparent molecular masses of 40 and 30 kDa, respectively. The appearance of the latter seemed to correspond chronologically to the generation of activated Hageman factor. Kinetic parameters of the enzymatic activation were kcat = 5.8 x 10(-3) s-1, Km = 4.3 x 10(-7) M and kcat/Km = 1.4 x 10(4) M-1 x s-1. This Km value is close to the plasma concentration of Hageman factor. Another zinc-dependent proteinase, P. aeruginosa alkaline proteinase, showed a negligible Hageman factor activation. In the presence of a negatively charged soluble substance, dextran sulfate (0.3-3 micrograms/ml), the activation rate by the elastase increased several fold, with the kinetic parameters of kcat = 13.9 x 10(-3) s-1, Km = 1.6 x 10(-7) M and kcat/Km = 8.5 x 10(4) M-1 x s-1. These results suggested a participation of the Hageman factor-dependent system in the inflammatory response to pseudomonal infections, due to the initiation of the system by the bacterial elastase. 相似文献
70.
Activities of enzymes of photosynthesis and photorespiration have been measured in extracts of vegetative cells and heterocysts from the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. Phosphoribulokinase, d-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, phosphoglycollate phosphatase and glycollate dehydrogenase activities were readily measured in vegetative cell extracts, but were undetectable or negligible in heterocyst preparations. The data help to explain why heterocysts are unable to perform photosynthetic CO2 fixation. They also exemplify the co-ordinate compartmentation of enzymes of photosynthesis and photorespiration which occur in a differentiated phototrophic prokaryote.Abbreviations Ru5P
d-ribulose 5-phosphate
- RuBP
d-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
- DCPIP
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
- TES
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulphonate 相似文献