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21.
Y Saito K Nakao G Shirakami M Jougasaki T Yamada H Itoh M Mukoyama H Arai K Hosoda S Suga 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1989,163(3):1512-1516
Using two radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for endothelin-1 (ET-1) with and without a substantial cross-reactivity with ET-3, we have measured the plasma ET-1-like immunoreactivity (-LI) level in rat plasma. ET-1-LI was detected in plasma from male Wistar rats. ET-1-LI in rat plasma consisted of three components with molecular weights of 6K, 4K and 2.5K daltons by gel permeation chromatography. Two of the components were eluted at positions of big ET (4K) and synthetic ET-1 (2.5K). The remaining component was eluted at the preceding fraction (6K). No difference was observed in ET-1-LI of the small molecular form of ET (2.5K) between the two RIAs. Thus, there is little or no ET-3 in rat plasma, which has the sequence found originally in the rat genome. The concentration of the small molecular form of ET, presumably ET-1, in rat plasma was about 4 pg/ml. 相似文献
22.
M Furukawa S Arai T Munakata K Kuwano H Inoue K Tomita 《Nihon saikingaku zasshi. Japanese journal of bacteriology》1989,44(6):817-821
Several species of mycoplasmas including M. pneumoniae, the causative agent of human respiratory infection, were investigated for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induction. The cytotoxic activity to Meth A cells of peritoneal macrophages purified from BALB/c mice was enhanced markedly when cultured with either viable or nonviable mycoplasmas. The supernatant of macrophage culture mixed with mycoplasmas, M. pneumoniae or A. laidlawii, showed a potent cytotoxic activity to TNF-alpha-sensitive but not to TNA-alpha-insensitive L cells. Addition of anti-TNA-alpha antiserum inhibited completely the cytotoxic activity of the supernatant, indicating that the cytotoxic activity is due mostly to TNF-alpha. These results strongly suggest that mycoplasmas possess an activity to induce TNF-alpha, which enhances the cytotoxic activity of macrophages and prevent infection with mycoplasmas in vivo. 相似文献
23.
Abstract The receptors involved in the recognition of Salmonella typhimurium and S. typhi by murine macrophages were identified, and their relevance to phagosome-lysosome fusion was also investigated. Phagocytosis of S. typhimurium by murine macrophages was dependent on the opsonization with normal fresh serum, although the opsonin had no triggering activity in phagosome-lysosome fusion. In contrast, the opsonization of S. typhi with normal fresh serum efficiently triggered both phagocytosis and following phagosome-lysosome fusion. Anti-murine CR1 antibody suppressed phagocytosis of S. typhimurium by 36%, whereas anti-CR3 antibody, mannan, and advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGE)-BSA all failed to prevent phagocytosis of S. typhimurium , suggesting that CR1 may only contribute to the recognition of S. typhimurium and may possibly play a minor role. Other receptors involved may also influence the outcome phagocytosis in terms of phagosome-lysosome fusion. In the case of S. typhi , only anti-CR3 antibody significantly inhibited not only phagocytosis of S. typhi but also following phagosome-lysosome fusion. Treatment with K76COONa, an inhibitor of C3bINA (I factor), resulted in a marked inhibition of phagosomelysosome fusion in S. typhi -infected macrophages, although no significant inhibition was observed on phagocytosis of S. typhi . These results suggest that S. typhimurium and S. typhi may be recognized at least in part by CR1 and CR3, respectively, and that the recognition by CR3 but not CR1 is functionally associated with subsequent phagosomelysosome fusion in murine macrophages. 相似文献
24.
Nobutaka Fujii Akira Otaka Susumu Funakoshi Toshihiro Watanabe Hiromitsu Arai Kiyoshi Bessho Haruaki Yajima 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》1988,7(2):151-156
Treatment of a mixture of Cys(R)(O) and Cys(R) with an acid was found to generate cystine in fairly good yields, when suitable R, R, and an acid were selected. An unsymmetrical cystine peptide was prepared by treatment of a mixture of Z(OMe)-Cys(R) (0)-Ala-NH2 (R=Acm or MBzl) and Z(OMe)-Cys(MBzl)-Gly-OBzl with TFA or 1 M TFMSA/TFA.3 Oxytocin was obtained in an excellent yield by TFA treatment of the protected peptide containing Cys(Acm)(0) and Cys(MBzl). Thus, formation of the disulfide bond was found feasible at the position of Cys(R) (0).The following abbreviations are used Boc
t-butyloxycarbonyl
- Z(OMe)
p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl
- MBzl
p-methoxybenzyl
- Acm
acetamidomethyl
- Bzl
benzyl
- Ad
l-adamantyl
- tBu
t-butyl
- TFA
trifluoroacetic acid
- TFMSA
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
- TMSOTf
trimethylsilyl trifluoromethane sulfonate 相似文献
25.
Dr. Takashi Yashiro Motonaka Arai Eiko Miyashita Kayoko Yamashita Takuro Suzuki 《Cell and tissue research》1988,251(2):249-255
Summary Snell dwarf mice display remarkable retardation of growth after birth and are known to lack prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH). The aim of this study was to determine the reason for these hormonal deficiencies. We examined the fine structure of the gland and its immunohistochemical staining pattern with respect to antisera raised against PRL, TSH, GH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The gland of control mice reacted immunohistochemically against all antisera used, whereas only ACTH-producing cells (ACTH cells) and LH-producing cells (LH cells) were distinguished in the dwarf mice. ACTH cells in dwarf mice varied in cell shape, although they were similar in size to those of controls. The distribution of secretory granules in the cytoplasm varied from cell to cell. LH cells in the dwarf mice showed immature features, having poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The cells were about half the size of controls, and secretory granules were smaller. In dwarf mice, non-granulated cells were encountered in addition to granulated ACTH and LH cells. Some of them formed small clusters, characteristic cell junctions being found between the cells; they thus appeared to be follicular cells. The above results suggest that hormone deficiency in Snell dwarf mice is a result of a defect in the hormoneproducing cells in the gland. 相似文献
26.
27.
Specimens ofCanthigaster rivulata (Temminck et Schlegel) were collected from Kominato and Hayama, central Japan, from May, 1985 to October, 1986. On the basis of the gonadosomatic index, gonadal histology and results of artificial fertilization of these specimens, the spawning season is considered to extend from late June to mid-September. The specimens exhibited the following dimorphic differences associated with sex: 1) The male is larger than the female. 2) Ventral side of the body is brownish orange in the male with vermiculated or reticulated patterns of bright violet, while it is white in the female. 3) The male has a well-developed skin fold along the mid-dorsal and mid-ventral lines, which is greatly elevated during courtship; whereas the female’s skin folds are not or slightly developed and conspicuous only during courtship. In an aquarium with the water temperatures of 22 to 26°C, a pair of fish spawned every four days late in the morning for three consecutive months. Courtship and spawning occurred in a pair. The male swam in front of the female, and elevated the skin folds both dorsally and ventrally, fully spreading the unpaired fins, with the ventral side of the body flashing bright blue and the dorsal side turning dark. Both fish swam in a circular fashion, elevating the skin folds. The male followed the female nudging her abdomen with his snout. Both fish turned upward, and released gametes. The eggs are spherical, 0.53–0.73 mm in diameter, demersal, adhesive, transparent, and pale yellowish orange in color, and contain a cross-shaped or asteroid cluster of oil globules. The egg membrane was thick and consisted of about 14 concentric layers. The incubation period ranged from 73.5 hours at 28.2–28.5°C to 145.0 hours at 22.1–22.4°C. The newly hatched larvae were 1.38–1.98 mm in total length (TL) with 84-11-13 = 19–21 myomeres. The yolk was absorbed when the larvae attained 1.49–2.22 mm TL, three days after hatching. The larvae were fed on oyster larvae, blue mussel larvae, sea-urchin larvae and rotifers, but all of them died in 16 days. During the embryonic and early larval stages, the only pigment cells that appeared on the body were the black chromatophores. 相似文献
28.
Homologous pairing is a key step in homologous genetic recombination. In the early stage of trials for the identification of homologous pairing-promoting proteins from a fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we treated DNA products with phenol in the presence of a salt for the removal of tightly bound proteins from DNA before the assay, but we found that this treatment caused very efficient protein-independent double-strand formation from complementary single-stranded DNAs. Using an assay including the phenol treatment, we detected another species of apparent homologous pairing-promoting proteins in the nuclei, in addition to a homologous pairing-promoting protein consisting of three components which we reported previously. However, studies involving the use of an assay without the phenol-treatments revealed that the second one was not really a homologous pairing-protein. Thus, the protein-independent double-strand formation by phenol-treatment in the presence of a salt could cause the erroneous identification of homologous pairing-promoting proteins. 相似文献
29.
Shuzo Miyamoto Yoshihiro Matsuda Shin-ichiro Sano Hiroshi Shiraki Hachro Nakagawa 《Neurochemical research》1992,17(7):723-727
The activity of ammoniagenesis from guanine nucleotides was found to increase significantly in rat brain after infusion of kainic acid into the striatum. Among the enzymes involved in degrading guanine nucleotides, nucleoside diphosphatase was markedly increased in the lesioned striatum. The enzyme activity began to increase 2 days after the infusion, and reached the maximum on the 13th day, the level being 4 times as high as that of the intact contralateral region. The increased activity was due to Type L enzyme, judging from its substrate specificity. Puromycin and cycloheximide inhibited this increase, indicating that the increased activity resulted from an increase in the net synthesis of the enzyme. These findings suggest that Type L NDPase might play some important roles in gliosis after neuronal lesion. 相似文献
30.
Mammalian cell expression cloning has become a standard technique for the isolation of mammalian genes or cDNAs. Its advantage is that the biological functions of the gene of interest are used for cloning. Therefore, the identified cDNAs or genes should be functional in vivo, and there is no need for physical or chemical information about the gene products, so that protein purification in sufficient quantity to raise antibodies or to obtain amino acid sequences is not necessary. Here, we summarize recent progress in mammalian cell cloning systems, and discuss the possible directions in which this technique will lead. 相似文献