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91.
Makoto Kiso Hisao Nishiguchi Akira Hasegawa Hiroyuki Okumura Ichiro Azuma 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(6):1523-1525
In the initial stage of hydrolysis, exo-ß-(l-→3)-d-glucanase from Basidiomycetes sp. QM 806 cleaved laminaran from Eisenia bicyclis with a pattern resembling an endo-hydrolase. Five kinds of intermediate gluco-oligosaccharides were separated by a combination of gel filtration and HPLC. They were shown to be 32-O-ß-d-glucosyl-gentiobiose, 32-O-ß-d-gentiobiosyl-gentiobiose, 33O-ß-d-glucosyl-gentiotriose, 34-ß-d-glucosyl-32-O-gentiobiosyl-gentiobiose, and 33-O-ß-d-gentio-biosylgentiotriose by enzymic hydrolysis and methylation analysis as well as by 13C NMR spectroscopy. As a result, such kinds of ß-(l → 3)-ß-(l→6)-linked oligosaccharides could be accounted for in the initial cleavage, and they were hydrolyzed ultimately to glucose, gentiobiose, and gentio-triose. It suggests that a single (1 → 3)-linkage on a block of (1 → 6)-links show some resistance to attack by this enzyme. 相似文献
92.
A polyuronide, main component of the water extract of achine of Ficus awkeotsang MAKINO (on-gyo-tye), was purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The polyuronide (Fraction IB) is homogeneous electrophoretically and consists mainly of galacturonic acid. Optical rotation of Fraction IB is and content of methoxyl group is trace. In periodate oxidation of Fraction IB, molar ratio of galacturonic acid residue and periodate consumption was 1, and formic acid formation was very small. Periodate oxidation product of Fraction IB was oxidized further with bromine and the resulted substance was hydrolyzed. In the hydrolyzate, presence of large amount of tartaric and glyoxylic acids and small amount of tartronic acid were detected by paper chromatography. Reduced viscosity of aquous solution of Fraction IB increased with decreasing of the concentration of Fraction IB solution. From these results, it was deduced that Fraction IB has a linear structure of 1→4 linkage of d-galacturonic acid, probably α-linkage. 相似文献
93.
Yoshiaki Nakahara Masanao Matsui Kenji Mori 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2243-2245
A novel synthetic method of 3-substituted furans was developed and syntheses of perillen and dendrolasin are described. 相似文献
94.
Akira Hasegawa Koji Kigawa Makoto Kiso Ichiro Azuma 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(8):2091-2094
A variety of 1-O-acyl and 1,6-di-O-acyl derivatives of N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl-G-isoglutamine methyl esters were synthesized from N-[2-O-(2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-4,6-O-iso- propylidene-d-glucopyranose-3-yl)-d-lactoyl]-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine methyl ester, and their biological activities were examined in guinea-pigs and mice. 相似文献
95.
Makoto Kiso Mitsuru Maeda Norio Kurihara Minoru Nakajima 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(2):459-461
Meso-(1245/36)-1,2,4,5,6-pentachloro-3-methylthiocyclohexane, and (124/356)-1,2,4,5,6-pentachloro-3-methylthio and ethylthiocyclohexanes were prepared from (1234/56)-1,4,5,6-tetrachloro-2,3-epoxycyclohexane (α-BTC cis-epoxide). 相似文献
96.
Yoshiaki Iwamuro Michiko Murata Koichiro Kanamaru Yoichi Mikami Takuro Kisaki 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(2):525-526
The aroL gene, encoding shikimate kinase of Brevibacterium lactofermentum, a coryneform glutamic acid-producing bacterium, was cloned. Recombinant plasmids containing the aroL gene caused elevated levels of shikimate kinase synthesis in B. lactofermentum. It was found that in addition to the aroL gene, the aroB and aroE genes, encoding dehydroquinate synthase and shikimate dehydrogenase, respectively, also existed on these recombinant plasmids, in complementation tests with various Escherichia coli and B. lactofermentum aromatic amino acid auxotrophs. The aroL, aroB and aroE genes of B. lactofermentum are located closely on the cloned DNA fragment, in that order. It was shown that at least these three aro genes form a cluster on the chromosome of B. lactofermentum. 相似文献
97.
Masaru Enomoto Wataru Kitagawa Yoshiaki Yasutake 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(8):1324-1327
The quinoline antibiotics aurachins C, D, and L, and a structurally simplified analog of aurachin C were synthesized from 1-(2-nitrophenyl)butane-1,3-dione via reductive cyclizations of δ-nitro ketone intermediates, with zinc or iron as key steps. The results of antimicrobial tests indicate that the N-hydroxyquinolone nucleus mimics the electron carrier in the respiratory chain more strongly than the quinoline N-oxide nucleus. 相似文献
98.
Michael J. Miller Yoshito Chikaraishi Nanako O. Ogawa Yoshiaki Yamada Katsumi Tsukamoto Naohiko Ohkouchi 《Biology letters》2013,9(1)
What eel larvae feed on in the surface layer of the ocean has remained mysterious. Gut contents and bulk nitrogen stable isotope studies suggested that these unusual larvae, called leptocephali, feed at a low level in the oceanic food web, whereas other types of evidence have suggested that small zooplankton are eaten. In this study, we determined the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids of both natural larvae and laboratory-reared larvae of the Japanese eel to estimate the trophic position (TP) of leptocephali. We observed a mean TP of 2.4 for natural leptocephali, which is consistent with feeding on particulate organic matter (POM) such as marine snow and discarded appendicularian houses containing bacteria, protozoans and other biological materials. The nitrogen isotope enrichment values of the reared larvae confirm that the primary food source of natural larvae is consistent only with POM. This shows that leptocephali feed on readily available particulate material originating from various sources closely linked to ocean primary production and that leptocephali are a previously unrecognized part of oceanic POM cycling. 相似文献
99.
Miho Morimoto Junko Morimoto Yoshiaki Moriya Futoshi Nakamura 《Landscape and Ecological Engineering》2013,9(2):259-270
Recently, the conversion of plantations into natural forests has attracted increasing attention, but little is known about how to convert a windthrown plantation into a natural forest. We examined the initial 3-year effects of salvage logging, site preparation, planting, and weeding in comparison with the effects of legacy retention after a typhoon blowdown on the changes in terrestrial environments and plant compositions and the similarity of the species composition to that of the intact natural forest. Our major findings are as follows: (1) A homogeneous, sunny, and flat environment continued for 3 years in the planted and weeded plot, whereas a heterogeneous environment was observed in the legacy retention plot; however, the light environment changed slightly in the planted plot. (2) The species composition in the planted plots changed greatly due to invasion by annual, biennial, and perennial herbs and early successional trees. Alien species also invaded the planted row. Conversely, the species composition changed little in the legacy retention, which was likely due to the presence of residual plants that prevented shade-intolerant species from being established. (3) The legacy retention, followed by the residual row, was the closest to the natural forest with respect to species composition, whereas the planted row was the most dissimilar from the natural forest. Legacy retention appears to be the most appropriate way to restore a natural forest immediately after a windthrow, yet supplemental planting may be necessary to restore the desired broadleaved species. 相似文献
100.
Ichthyological Research - A taxonomic review of the Sebastes vulpes complex (S. vulpes, S. zonatus and S. ijimae) established the existence of two valid species, Sebastes vulpes Döderlein in... 相似文献