A static pressure sensitive receptor APJ promote H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-autophagy pathway

This study is designed to investigate whether APJ receptor acts as a sensor in static pressure-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and to investigate the mechanism of PI3K- autophagy pathway. The left ventricular hypertrophy rat model was established by coarctation of abdominal aorta. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were cultured in the presence of static pressure which was given by a custom-made pressure in- cubator. The results revealed that the expression of apelin/ APJ system, PI3K, Akt and their phosphorylation were sig- nificantly increased in the operation group. Static pressure up-regulated the APJ expression, PI3K phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ and beclin-1 expression in cardio- myocytes. APJ shRNA pGPU6/Neo-rat-399, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, Akt inhibitor 1701-1 blocked the up-regulation of APJ, PI3K phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, LC3-H/I and beclin-1 expression, respectively. Moreover, static pres- sure increased the diameter, volume, protein content of cells, and these could be reversed when the cells were treated with pGPU6/Neo-rat-399, LY294002, and autop- hagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, respectively. These results suggested that static pressure up-regulates APJ expression to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by a PI3K-autop- hagy pathway.     

紫茎泽兰根区土壤酚酸类物质组成及其对土传病菌的影响

紫茎泽兰根系释放的化感物质是导致其土壤环境发生变化的重要因素,可为其成功入侵提供有利条件.以空白土样为对照,提取健康和感染棉蚜的紫茎泽兰根区土壤酚酸类化感物质,采用GC-MS分析其组分和相对含量.结果表明：不同处理根区土壤酚酸类化感物质的种类没有变化,但相对含量发生了改变.其中,虫害处理土样中苯甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸的相对含量均显著高于对照,但对羟基肉桂酸的相对含量显著低于对照,且苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸和对羟基肉桂酸的相对含量在3种处理土样中的比例存在差异.用上述3种物质单体及它们在3个处理土样的比例复配进行抑菌试验发现：在较低浓度（50～150 mg·L^-1）下,3种化感物质对5种土传性病菌有显著的抑制作用,但复配后对5种病菌的抑制作用各不相同,虫害处理的复配对其中3种病原菌的抑制作用均低于对照和健康植株.     

Disease-driven detection of differential inherited SNP modules from SNP network

Detection of the synergetic effects between variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), is crucial for understanding the genetic characters of complex diseases. Here, we proposed a two-step approach to detect differentially inherited SNP modules (synergetic SNP units) from a SNP network. First, SNP-SNP interactions are identified based on prior biological knowledge, such as their adjacency on the chromosome or degree of relatedness between the functional relationships of their genes. These interactions form SNP networks. Second, disease-risk SNP modules (or sub-networks) are prioritised by their differentially inherited properties in IBD (Identity by Descent) profiles of affected and unaffected sibpairs. The search process is driven by the disease information and follows the structure of a SNP network. Simulation studies have indicated that this approach achieves high accuracy and a low false-positive rate in the identification of known disease-susceptible SNPs. Applying this method to an alcoholism dataset, we found that flexible patterns of susceptible SNP combinations do play a role in complex diseases, and some known genes were detected through these risk SNP modules. One example is GRM7, a known alcoholism gene successfully detected by a SNP module comprised of two SNPs, but neither of the two SNPs was significantly associated with the disease in single-locus analysis. These identified genes are also enriched in some pathways associated with alcoholism, including the calcium signalling pathway, axon guidance and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The integration of network biology and genetic analysis provides putative functional bridges between genetic variants and candidate genes or pathways, thereby providing new insight into the aetiology of complex diseases.     

Identification and Severity Determination of Wheat Stripe Rust and Wheat Leaf Rust Based on Hyperspectral Data Acquired Using a Black-Paper-Based Measuring Method

It is important to implement detection and assessment of plant diseases based on remotely sensed data for disease monitoring and control. Hyperspectral data of healthy leaves, leaves in incubation period and leaves in diseased period of wheat stripe rust and wheat leaf rust were collected under in-field conditions using a black-paper-based measuring method developed in this study. After data preprocessing, the models to identify the diseases were built using distinguished partial least squares (DPLS) and support vector machine (SVM), and the disease severity inversion models of stripe rust and the disease severity inversion models of leaf rust were built using quantitative partial least squares (QPLS) and support vector regression (SVR). All the models were validated by using leave-one-out cross validation and external validation. The diseases could be discriminated using both distinguished partial least squares and support vector machine with the accuracies of more than 99%. For each wheat rust, disease severity levels were accurately retrieved using both the optimal QPLS models and the optimal SVR models with the coefficients of determination (R²) of more than 0.90 and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of less than 0.15. The results demonstrated that identification and severity evaluation of stripe rust and leaf rust at the leaf level could be implemented based on the hyperspectral data acquired using the developed method. A scientific basis was provided for implementing disease monitoring by using aerial and space remote sensing technologies.     

蛇床的生物学特性及资源分布

本文通过实地调查和异地栽培试验研究了蛇床的生物学特性及资源分布,为蛇床子药材的生产、收购提供了科学依据。     

The Role of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) in the Cancer Progress

In recent years, metabolism is talked highly important in cancer research, especially the lipid metabolism. Researchers believe that the de novo fatty acid synthesis plays an important role in tumor development, while many studies illustrated that Endocannabinoids have anti-tumorigenic actions, including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, and anti-metastatic effects, MAGL as an important decomposing enzyme of both lipid metabolism and endocannabinoids system, additionally as a part of a gene expression signature contributes to different aspects of tumourigenesis.     

单叶蔓荆根际土壤真菌多样性

对江西鄱阳湖区5个不同地区单叶蔓荆(Vitex trifolia)的根际土壤真菌种类和多样性进行了研究。从100份单叶蔓荆植物根际土壤样品中分离获得128株真菌,隶属于无性型菌和接合菌,共15个属,其中青霉属(Penicillium)为单叶蔓荆根际土壤真菌的优势属,占总菌株数的14.06%,其次为单端孢属(Trichothecium),占总菌株数的11.72%,葡萄孢属(Botrytis)、卷头霉属(Helicocephalum)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、根霉属(Rhizopus)占总菌株数的7.81%,可见单叶蔓荆根际真菌具有较丰富的多样性。研究还发现不同地区单叶蔓荆根际土壤真菌的种群组成和结构存在一定的差异,各属真菌在不同地区的单叶蔓荆根际土壤中所占的优势度也不同。     

工业微生物中NADH的代谢调控

NADH是微生物代谢网络中的一种关键辅因子。调节微生物胞内NADH的形式与浓度是定向改变和优化微生物细胞代谢功能, 实现代谢流最大化、快速化地导向目标代谢产物的重要手段之一。以下在详尽总结了NADH生理功能的基础上, 从生化工程(添加外源电子受体、不同氧化还原态底物及NAD合成前体物, 调节培养环境和氧化还原电势)和代谢工程(过量表达NADH代谢相关酶、缺失NADH竞争途径及引入NADH外源代谢途径)两方面分析、归纳了NADH代谢调控策略, 进而凝练出调控NADH/NAD+比率调节微生物细胞代谢功能研究方面亟待解决的3个科学问题及可能的解决途径。     

藏药毛蕊杜鹃挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的：通过研究毛蕊杜鹃挥发油的化学成分,为毛蕊杜鹃的药用及开发利用提供依据.方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取毛蕊杜鹃挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分离,归一化法测其相对含量,并用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定.结果：共鉴定出38个化合物,鉴定出的化合物含量占总挥发油的92.96％.结论：毛蕊杜鹃挥发油主要成分为δ-杜松烯（相对含量为15.90％）;胡萝卜醇（15.09％）;α-杜松醇（15.02％）;τ-杜松醇（9.66％）;α-衣兰油烯（4.25％）;1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-八氢-7-甲基-4-亚甲基-1-[1-甲基乙基]-萘（4.14％）;1,7-二甲基-4-异丙基-2,7-环癸二烯-1-羟基（3.27％）;石竹烯（2.86％）;5-甲基-9-亚甲基-2-异丙基-二环[4.4.0]癸-1-烯（2.62％）;1,4-二甲基-3-[2-甲基-1-丙烯-1-基]-4-乙烯基-1-环庚烯（2.42％）;γ-衣兰油烯（2.21％）;愈创醇（1.50％）;β-古芸烯（1.34％）.     

Molecular characterization of avian-like H1N1 swine influenza a viruses isolated in Eastern China, 2011

Currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2. European avian-like H1N1 viruses, which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979, have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007. In this study, six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China. Based on whole genome sequencing, molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations, especially similar to those found in China. Four potential glycosylation sites were observed at positions 13, 26, 198, 277 in the HA1 proteins of the two isolates. Due to the presence of a stop codon at codon 12, the isolates contained truncated PB1-F2 proteins. In this study, the isolates contained 591Q, 627E and 701N in the polymerase subunit PB2, which had been shown to be determinants of virulence and host adaptation. The isolates also had a D rather than E at position 92 of the NS1, a marker of mammalian adaptation. Both isolates contained the GPKV motif at the PDZ ligand domain of the 3′ end of the NS1, a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1999, which is distinct from those of avian, human and classical swine viruses. The M2 proteins of the isolates have the mutation (S31N), a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1987, which may confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine antivirals. Our findings further emphasize the importance of surveillance on the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses in pigs, and raise more concerns about the occurrence of cross-species transmission events.