Enhanced resistance of restraint-stressed mice to sepsis

Sepsis remains a major health concern across the world. The effects of stress on host resistance to sepsis are still not very clear. To explore the effects of chronic stress on sepsis(') we examined the impact of restraint stress on the resistance of mice to sepsis. Interestingly, it was found that restraint stress enhanced the antisepsis resistance of mice and the concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-alpha in the blood of stressed mice were dramatically reduced post Escherichia coli infection or LPS treatment as compared with that of controls (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expressions of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) were up-regulated in the spleen and peritoneal macrophages of mice receiving restraint stress or dexamethasone treatment. These results demonstrate that restraint stress enhances the resistance of mice to sepsis, supporting corticotherapy for sepsis and proposing restraint-stressed mouse as an animal model to elucidate mechanisms of stress-associated, antisepsis resistance.     

不同品种苦荞麦不同器官总黄酮含量的比较分析

Total flavonoids content in stems,leaves and seeds of seven cultivars of Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn.and a cultivar of F.esculentum Moench were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry.The results show that total flavonoids content in leaves is higher.Total flavonoids content among different cultivars of F.tataricum has a great difference.Among seven cultivars of F.tataricum,total flavonoids content is the highest in leaves and seeds of ’Jiande Tartary Buckwheat’ with 106.16 and 24.09 mg·g-1,respectively,and in stems of ’Dingbian Tartary Buckwheat’ with 34.65 mg·g-1.The comprehensive analysis result indicates that ’Jiande Tartary Buckwheat’ is the best germplasm resources of F.tataricum and worth to further extension.     

绝经后女性CYP19基因Val80及OPG基因A163G多态性与骨密度的相关性研究

探讨细胞色素P450 19 (CYP19) 基因Val80多态性及护骨素(OPG) 基因A163G多态性与绝经后女性骨密度 (BMD) 的关系。随机选择居住在重庆的绝经后女性200例, 采用多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测Val80及A163G多态性, 采用Norland公司XR-46系列双能X线骨密度仪测量股骨近端及腰椎BMD。 200名绝经后女性中Val80基因型GG、GA及AA的频率分别为19.5％、44.5％及36.0％; A163G基因型GG、GC 及CC的频率分别为: 13.0％, 42.0％及45.0％; 基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡 (P＞0.05)。协方差分析及多元逐步回归分析显示CYP19基因第3外显子Val80多态性与绝经后女性BMD无相关性 (P＞0.05)。除大转子外, A163G位点AG/GG/AG+GG基因型者股骨颈、Ward’s三角及腰椎BMD均较AA基因型者低, A163G基因型与股骨颈、Ward’s三角及腰椎BMD有相关性 (P＜0.05)。OPG基因启动子区A163G多态性分布存在明显的种族差异, 且与绝经后女性BMD有一定关联, AA型对BMD具有一定的保护作用, G等位基因是BMD降低的危险因素。     

基于高通量测序研究青藏高原茶卡盐湖微生物多样性

【目的】茶卡盐湖(Chaka Salt Lake,CSL)是青藏高原有名的天然结晶盐湖,具有独特的石盐盐湖矿床,盛产青盐。盐湖卤水环境中存在丰富的嗜盐菌资源和潜在的新种,细菌和古菌的群落结构特征和物种多样性尚不明确。【方法】采用Illumina高通量测序平台对茶卡盐湖水样和底泥混合物中的细菌和古菌群落进行16S r RNA基因(V3-V5区)高通量测序,检测4个样本的群落结构差异和微生物多样性。【结果】获得细菌和古菌总有效序列分别为117 192和110 571条。结果分析表明细菌和古菌的物种注释(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数目分别为421和317,获得分类地位明确的细菌种类为14门28纲170属,古菌为5门4纲34属。细菌的优势类群是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),所占比例为68.37%,其次为变形菌门Proteobacteria(20.49%);优势种属依次为芽孢杆菌属Bacillus(41.94%)、海洋芽孢杆菌属Oceanobacillus(8.03%)、假单胞菌属Pseudomonas(7.67%)、盐厌氧菌属Halanaerobium(7.42%)和乳球菌属Lactococcus(7.38%);古菌的优势类群以广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)盐杆菌纲(Halobacteria)为主,优势菌是Halonotius(17.21%)和盐红菌属Halorubrum(16.23%)。【结论】揭示了茶卡盐湖中细菌和古菌的群落结构及物种多样性,为嗜盐菌的开发及后续微生物资源的挖掘提供了理论依据。     

Hyperactivation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Promotes Breast Cancer Progression through Enhancing Glucose Starvation-induced Autophagy and Akt Signaling

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Recent studies have suggested that constitutive activation of mTORC1 in normal cells could lead to malignant tumor development in several tissues. However, the mechanisms of mTORC1 hyperactivation to promote the growth and metastasis of breast or other cancers are still not well characterized. Here, using a new inducible deletion system, we show that deletion of Tsc1 in mouse primary mammary tumor cells, either before or after their transplantation, significantly increased their growth in vivo. The increase in tumor growth was completely rescued by rapamycin treatment, suggesting a major contribution from mTORC1 hyperactivation. Interestingly, glucose starvation-induced autophagy, but not amino acid starvation-induced autophagy, was increased significantly in Tsc1-null tumor cells. Further analysis of these cells also showed an increased Akt activation but no significant changes in Erk signaling. Together, these results provide insights into the mechanism by which hyperactivation of mTORC1 promotes breast cancer progression through increasing autophagy and Akt activation in vivo.     

Investigation of Micro-wear and Micro-friction Properties for Bionic Non-smooth Concave Components

Five kinds of 45^# steel samples with concave features on the surface were manufactured using Laser Texturing Technology (LIT). Optimum design theory was used to design the experiment, and a two-level orthogonal table-L16 (2^15) design was adopted , Micro-wear and micro-friction experienced by samples with concave surface features and samples with smooth surfaces were compared experimentally. The wear resistance of samples with concave surface features was increased most,and different surface morphologies had different effects on f~iction and wear properties.     

化感水稻种质资源鉴定及基因定位研究进展与展望

稻种资源化感作用的鉴定评价与深入研究是化感水稻品种选育的基础.本文概要介绍了化感水稻种质资源鉴定评价方法、化感作用生理生化机理以及化感特性遗传与基因定位方面的主要研究进展,并进一步讨论了水稻化感作用研究与利用的发展方向.     

Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Leaf Morphological Traits and Chlorophyll Content in Cultivated Tetraploid Cotton

Genetic mapping provides a powerful tool for quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis at the molecular level. A simple sequence repeat （SSR） genetic map containing 590 markers and a BCI population from two cultivated tetraploid cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） cultivars, namely TM-1 and Hai 7124 （G. barbadense L.）, were used to map and analyze QTL using the composite interval mapping （CIM） method. Thirty one QTLs, 10 for lobe length, 13 for lobe width, six for lobe angle, and two for leaf chlorophyll content, were detected on 15 chromosomes or linkage groups at logarithm of odds （LOD）≥2.0, of which 15 were found for leaf morphology at LOD≥3.0. The genetic effects of the QTL were estimated. These results are fundamental for marker-assisted selection （MAS） of these traits in tetraploid cotton breeding.     

以重组TACE胞外功能域从噬菌体随机肽库中筛选TACE的抑制肽

肿瘤坏死因子转换酶 (TACE)是加工裂解TNF-α前体的关键酶 ,参与了许多炎症的发生发展过程。为通过肽库筛选得到TACE的抑制肽 ,首先制备筛选靶分子 ,用RT PCR从人外周血单核细胞中分别扩增出TACE的催化区 (T800 )和整个胞外区 (T1300 ) ,然后分别克隆至pET-28a和pET-28c中 ,转化大肠杆菌BL2-1(DE3) ,经IPTG诱导表达出带有His-tag的目的蛋白 ,两者均为包涵体 ,变性复性后过Ni²⁺-NTA亲和层析柱得到纯度达90%的重组蛋白。以纯化的重组T800和T1300分别筛选噬菌体展示随机 15肽库 ,对筛选克隆进行ELISA检测、竞争抑制实验和序列分析。从两个独立的筛选过程中得到一个相同的阳性克隆序列“TRWLVYFSRPYLVAT” ,固相Fmoc法合成该短肽 ,观察其在LPS诱导人单核细胞产生sTNF-α中的作用。结果表明 ,筛选到的短肽可显著抑制TACE的活性 ,减少TNF-α的分泌 ,抑制率可达 60.3% ,为抗炎小分子药物的设计和改造提供线索和依据。     

镉污染对烟草叶片超微结构及部分元素含量的影响

采用水培试验,利用电感耦合等离子体、透射电镜、扫描电镜等技术研究了镉污染对烟草(N icotiana tabacum)叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b值、叶下表皮气孔器密度、腺毛密度、叶片细胞超微结构和P、K、C a等元素含量的影响,以及叶片细胞、腺毛对镉污染的反应。结果表明随着营养液中镉浓度的增高,烟草叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b值降低;叶下表皮气孔器的密度及腺毛的密度增加;叶绿体中组成基粒的类囊体层数减少、分布不均、或粘连成索状,叶绿体膜系统崩溃,内外膜均解体,类囊体消失;但烟草可通过将镉隔离于细胞壁中或排出表皮细胞或通过腺毛分泌作用来减少其毒害。随着营养液中镉浓度的增高,腺毛分泌物中S i、K、A l、C a、M g、F e的含量增加;浓度为3m g/L的镉污染可增加叶片中P、C a、M g、F e、Cu、Zn、A l元素的含量,但浓度为30m g/L的镉污染造成叶片中P、C a、M g、F e、Cu、Zn、A l元素含量的减少;镉污染可引起叶片中N a含量增加,且随着营养液中镉浓度的增高N a含量增加;镉污染造成K、M n在叶片中的含量下降,而且随着营养液中镉浓度的增高,K、M n含量下降幅度增加。