EMMPRIN Is an Independent Negative Prognostic Factor for Patients with Astrocytic Glioma

Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), also known as CD147, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is present on the surface of tumor cells and stimulates adjacent fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It has been proved to be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in various human malignancies. In our study, the protein expression level of EMMPRIN in 306 cases of astrocytic glioma is investigated by immunohistochemistry assay. Statistical analysis was utilized to evaluate the association of EMMPRIN with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients. It was proved that EMMPRIN protein expression was increased in glioma compared with that in normal brain tissue. Moreover, EMMPRIN immunohistochemical staining was correlated with WHO grade and Karnofsky performance score for strong positive EMMPRIN staining is more frequently detected in glioma of advanced grade or low KPS score. It is also demonstrated that EMMPRIN could be an independent negative prognostic factor in glioma for patients with glioma of strong EMMPRIN staining tend to have high risk of death. These results proved that EMMPRIN is associated with prognosis of glioma, which may also suggest the potential role of EMMPRIN in glioma management.     

Expression Profiles of Long Noncoding RNAs and Messenger RNAs in Mn-Exposed Hippocampal Neurons of Sprague–Dawley Rats Ascertained by Microarray: Implications for Mn-Induced Neurotoxicity

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, while excessive expose may induce neurotoxicity. Recently, lncRNAs have been extensively studied and it has been confirmed that lncRNAs participate in neural functions and aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are involved in neurological diseases. However, the pathological effects of lncRNAs on Mn-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified in Mn-treated hippocampal neurons and control neurons via microarray. Bioinformatic methods and intersection analysis were also employed. Results indicated that 566, 1161, and 1474 lncRNAs meanwhile 1848, 3228, and 4022 mRNAs were aberrantly expressed in low, intermediate, and high Mn-exposed groups compared with the control group, respectively. Go analysis determined that differentially expressed mRNAs were targeted to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Pathway analysis indicated that these mRNAs were enriched in insulin secretion, cell cycle, and DNA replication. Intersection analysis denominated that 135 lncRNAs and 373 mRNAs were consistently up-regulated while 150 lncRNAs and 560 mRNAs were consistently down-regulated. Meanwhile, lncRNA {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"BC079195","term_id":"50926238"}}BC079195 was significantly up-regulated while lncRNAs uc.229- and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"BC089928","term_id":"59808777"}}BC089928 were significantly down-regulated in three comparison groups. The relative expression levels of 3 lncRNAs and 4 mRNAs were validated through qRT-PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in hippocampal neurons of Sprague–Dawley rats. The results may provide evidence on underlying mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity, and aberrantly expressed lncRNAs/mRNAs may be useful in further investigations to detect early symptoms of Mn-induced neuropsychiatric disorders in the central nervous system.     

Theoretical insight into the sensitive mechanism of multilayer-shaped cocrystal explosives: compression and slide

Multilayer-shaped compression and slide models were employed to investigate the complex sensitive mechanisms of cocrystal explosives in response to external mechanical stimuli. Here, density functional theory (DFT) calculations implementing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) with the Tkatchenko-Scheffler (TS) dispersion correction were applied to a series of cocrystal explosives: diacetone diperoxide (DADP)/1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB), DADP/1,3,5-tribromo-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TBTNB) and DADP/1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TITNB). The results show that the GGA-PBE-TS method is suitable for calculating these cocrystal systems. Compression and slide models illustrate well the sensitive mechanism of layer-shaped cocrystals of DADP/TCTNB and DADP/TITNB, in accordance with the results from electrostatic potentials and free space per molecule in cocrystal lattice analyses. DADP/TCTNB and DADP/TBTNB prefer sliding along a diagonal direction on the a?c face and generating strong intermolecular repulsions, compared to DADP/TITNB, which slides parallel to the b?c face. The impact sensitivity of DADP/TBTNB is predicted to be the same as that of DADP/TCTNB, and the impact sensitivity of DADP/TBTNB may be slightly more insensitive than that of DADP and much more sensitive than that of TBTNB.

Open image in new window

Graphical Abstract Theoretical insights into the sensitive mechanism of multilayer-shaped cocrystal explosives: compression and slide

     

Systematic Analysis of Absorbed Anti-Inflammatory Constituents and Metabolites of Sarcandra glabra in Rat Plasma Using Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Linear Trap Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was coupled with linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap) and was used for the first time to systematically analyze the absorbed components and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of the water extract of Sarcandra glabra. This extract is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation and immunity related diseases. The anti-inflammatory activities of the absorbed components were evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production and proinflammatory genes expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. As a result, 54 components in Sarcandra glabra were detected in dosed rat plasma, and 36 of them were positively identified. Moreover, 23 metabolites were characterized and their originations were traced. Furthermore, 20 of the 24 studied components showed anti-inflammatory activities. These results provide evidence that this method efficiency detected constituents in plasma based on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of multiple components and would be a useful technique for screening multiple targets for natural medicine research.     

Traction force-mediated B cell activation: how and why

<正>B and T lymphocytes are responsible for the acquisition of adaptive immune response, among which, B cells dominate humoral immunity. In vivo, B cells utilize surface expressed B cell receptors (BCRs) to sense antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and eventually mediate antibody response and immune memory. It is well recognized