雷氏大疣蛛毒素—Ⅱ的纯化与初步毒性研究

雷氏大疣蛛是我国最近鉴定的蜘蛛新种。雷氏大疣蛛毒素－Ⅱ就是以其粗毒为材料,利用阴、阳离子交换层析和反相HPLC分离得到并命名的一种新型神经毒素肽,根据质谱分析得知它的相对分子质量为3021．56;通过初步毒性研究,证明它是一个神经毒素。     

临泽绿洲边缘区棉花群体光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率

在甘肃河西走廊中部黑河中游绿洲边缘区,于6月下旬和8月上旬,利用Li-8100土壤碳通量测定系统与改进的同化箱联合对田间条件下早熟陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)品种新陆早8号的群体光合特性进行了研究.结果表明：试验地6月下旬的土壤呼吸速率和土壤蒸发速率显著高于8月上旬（P＜0.01）;棉花群体光合速率日变化均呈“单峰型”,6月下旬的群体光合速率显著高于8月上旬,其日平均值分别为（43.11±1.26）和（24.53±0.60）μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, 差异极显著（P＜0.01）;群体蒸腾速率日变化也呈“单峰型”,6月下旬和8月上旬的日平均值分别为（3.10±0.34）和（1.60±0.26）mmol H₂O·m^-2·s^-1,两者存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）;6月下旬和8月上旬的群体水分利用效率日平均值分别为（15.67±1.77）和（23.08±5.54） mmol CO₂·mol^-1 H₂O,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）.两生育时期棉花群体光合速率与温度、光合有效辐射及土壤含水量均呈正相关关系.表明棉花群体光合速率在6月下旬和8月上旬均没有出现中午光合下调,8月由于土壤水分降低和植物叶片衰老,棉花群体光合速率和蒸腾速率显著降低,但水分利用效率并无显著下降.     

In vitro selected peptides bind with thymidylate synthase mRNA and inhibit its translation

Thymidylate synthase (TS), an essential enzyme for catalyzing the biosynthesis of thymidylate, is a critical therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that TS functions as an RNA-binding protein by interacting with two different sequences on its own mRNA, thus, repressing translational efficiency. In this study, peptides binding TS RNA with high affinity were isolated using mRNA display from a large peptide library (＞1013 different sequences). The randomized library was subjected up to twelve rounds of in vitro selection and amplification. Comparing the amino acid composition of the selected peptides (12th round, R12) with those from the initial random library (round zero, R0), the basic and aromatic residues in the selected peptides were enriched significantly, suggesting that these peptide regions might be important in the peptide-TS mRNA interaction. Categorizing the amino acids at each random position based on their physicochemical properties and comparing the distributions with those of the initial random pool, an obvious basic charge characteristic was found at positions 1, 12, 17 and 18, suggesting that basic side chains participate in RNA binding. Secondary structure prediction showed that the selected peptides of R12 pool represented a helical propensity compared with R0 pool, and the regions were rich in basic residues. The electrophoretic gel mobility shift and in vitro translation assays showed that the peptides selected using mRNA display could bind TS RNA specifically and inhibit the translation of TS mRNA. Our results suggested that the identified peptides could be used as new TS inhibitors and developed to a novel class of anticancer agents.     

Five New Guaiane Sesquiterpenes from the Endophytic Fungus Xylaria sp. YM 311647 of Azadirachta indica

Five new guaiane sesquiterpenes, 1 – 5 , were isolated from the culture broth of the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. YM 311647, isolated from Azadirachta indica A. Juss . The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, and their inhibitory activities against five pathogenic fungi were evaluated. All guaiane sesquiterpenes showed moderate or weak antifungal activities in a broth microdilution assay.     

Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity by Bcl-2 in association with the ribosomal protein S3a.

We screened a human lymphocyte cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid system and an automodification domain of PARP as a probe. The DNA sequence of an isolated clone (clone 3-9) was identical to the partial cDNA sequence of the human ribosomal protein S3a. We confirmed that PARP interacts with clone 3-9 by performing binding studies using a GST-3-9 fusion protein as bait. We also demonstrated that native S3a in nuclear extracts of HL-60 cells interacts with the automodification domain of PARP and that PARP from nuclear extracts is coprecipitated with the GST-3-9 fusion protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Bcl-2 interacts with PARP in association with S3a and that the interaction of S3a and Bcl-2 with PARP causes a significant decrease in PARP activity. Since Bcl-2 failed to inhibit PARP activity in the absence of S3a, we suggest that Bcl-2 together with S3a prevents apoptosis probably by inhibiting PARP activity.     

Complete genome sequence of the bacterium Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Y25

Ketogulonicigenium vulgare is characterized by the efficient production of 2KGA from L-sorbose. Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Y25 is known as a 2-keto-L-gulonic acid-producing strain in the vitamin C industry. Here we report the finished, annotated genome sequence of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Y25.     

Study on fibroin heavy chain of the silkwormBombyx mori by fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH)

The sericulture industry plays a very important role in our national economy. Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is always regarded as a model animal and biological reactor. There have been detailed studies on the structure, expression and control and molecular evolution of silk genes. However, few, if any, reports are available on the localization of structural genes in silkworm by molecular cytogenetics. The present experiment has tentatively localized theFib-H gene at the distal end of the 25th linkage group, namely at the 25-0.0 position, and verified thatFib-H has only one locus, thus providing a temporary solution to the problem about its localization.     

Seasonal occurrence of helminths in the anadromous fish Coilia nasus (Engraulidae): parasite indicators of fish migratory movements

To understand the seasonal migration of the anadromous Coilia nasus , we attempted to identify the parasites infecting C. nasus and determine their seasonal occurrence. From June 2007 to July 2008, a survey of 775 C. nasus individuals from the estuary of the Yangtze River and the coast of the East China Sea revealed more than 7,300 parasites associated with the gills and alimentary tracts of C. nasus . The following 6 helminth taxa were identified, i.e., the monogeneans Heteromazocraes lingmueni and Helciferus tenuis, the digenean Elytrophallus coiliae, the acanthocephalan Acanthosentis cheni , and larvae of the nematodes Anisakis simplex and Contracaecum sp., all of which are marine or brackish-water parasites. The absence of freshwater helminths suggested that the parasites acquired in freshwater may have been accidentally, and easily, lost by the time the fish had reached the estuary and coast. Contrary to seasonal occurrence of the parasites' life cycles, the lowest mean abundance and prevalence of H. lingmueni and A. cheni occurred in August, which suggested the immigration of C. nasus from freshwater to the Yangtze estuary, with lower parasite burdens. The highest mean abundance and prevalence of the nematodes A. simplex and Contracaecum sp. in May and June, and the lowest in August, indicated the arrival of the fish from the coast and the Yangtze River, to the estuary, respectively. These findings suggested that a majority of the fish prepared for spawning migration in the estuary in spring and early summer and returned to the estuary after spawning in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River in late summer.