顺德产业生态系统能值动态分析

虽然当前的产业生态学研究多集中于生产线、企业和产业生态园尺度,但城市无疑是产业系统基本组合单元,城市区域尺度的产业生态学研究是产业生态学研究尺度上推的必经阶段。我国产业生态系统及城市化进程的空间分布不均,以顺德等为代表的东南沿海市(县)产业生态系统的发展历程对中西部地区有拉动和借鉴的双重作用。以能值理论方法为基础,结合环境经济学和区域经济学方法,从系统开放性、本土性、闭路循环性和经济性4个方面,投入和产出端2个角度,对顺德市产业生态系统改革开放22a的发展动态进行分析研究。结果发现,22a系统能值总用量增加15.65倍,能值密度增加16.31倍,人均能值使用强度增加9.70倍,外部不可更新资源用量增加16.32倍。能值废弃率在20世纪80年代不断上升而在90年代迅速下降,但环境负载率则表现为无规律的波动状态。20世纪90年代,系统能值出口率上升至1978年的4.10倍,但能值交换率小于1。结果表明,改革开放22a,顺德产业生态系统自组织能力明显提高,土地资源利用率不断提高,但系统对周边负熵资源,尤其是不可更新资源的依赖性不断提高,人力资源生产力水平提高相对较慢。20世纪90年代污染物处理产业发展迅速,但在系统资料消耗端的绿色化方面则无显明进展。系统对不可更新资源的利用效率不高,产出商品在市场交换中处于表面繁荣背景下的生态经济不利地位。系统已到了向知识密集型发展道路转变的拐点域。能值理论方法与环境经济学和区域经济学分析的整合可以满足产业生态系统分析评价要求,针对产业生态系统特点,进行多尺度、多方面联立评价,实现系统发展现状、动态与动因的整合分析,对产业生态系统优化点的发现与优化方向的确定有直接的意义。     

Editorial

<正>As 2013 has been wrapped up and a prosperous year of2014 is coming,I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to all editorial board members,authors reviewers and readers for their great and generous support to Journal of Genetics and Genomics(JGG)over the past years Meanwhile,I also like to share with you some of the journal’s     

Gene Expression Profiles Deciphering Rice Phenotypic Variation between Nipponbare (Japonica) and 93-11 (Indica) during Oxidative Stress

Rice is a very important food staple that feeds more than half the world''s population. Two major Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) subspecies, japonica and indica, show significant phenotypic variation in their stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotypic variation are still largely unknown. A common link among different stresses is that they produce an oxidative burst and result in an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, methyl viologen (MV) as a ROS agent was applied to investigate the rice oxidative stress response. We observed that 93-11 (indica) seedlings exhibited leaf senescence with severe lesions under MV treatment compared to Nipponbare (japonica). Whole-genome microarray experiments were conducted, and 1,062 probe sets were identified with gene expression level polymorphisms between the two rice cultivars in addition to differential expression under MV treatment, which were assigned as Core Intersectional Probesets (CIPs). These CIPs were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and highlighted with enrichment GO terms related to toxin and oxidative stress responses as well as other responses. These GO term-enriched genes of the CIPs include glutathine S-transferases (GSTs), P450, plant defense genes, and secondary metabolism related genes such as chalcone synthase (CHS). Further insertion/deletion (InDel) and regulatory element analyses for these identified CIPs suggested that there may be some eQTL hotspots related to oxidative stress in the rice genome, such as GST genes encoded on chromosome 10. In addition, we identified a group of marker genes individuating the japonica and indica subspecies. In summary, we developed a new strategy combining biological experiments and data mining to study the possible molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation during oxidative stress between Nipponbare and 93-11. This study will aid in the analysis of the molecular basis of quantitative traits.     

An Auxin-Inducible F-Box Protein CEGENDUO Negatively Regulates Auxin-Mediated Lateral Root Formation in Arabidopsis

Previously, we characterized 92 Arabidopsis genes (AtSFLs) similar to the S-locus F-box genes involved in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility and found that they likely play diverse roles in Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the role of one of these genes, CEGENDUO (CEG, AtSFL61), in the lateral root formation. A T-DNA insertion in CEG led to an increased lateral root production, which was complemented by transformation of the wild-type gene. Its downregulation by RNAi also produced more lateral roots in transformed Arabidopsis plants whereas its overexpression generated less lateral roots compared to wild-type, indicating that CEG acts as a negative regulator for the lateral root formation. It was found that CEG was expressed abundantly in vascular tissues of the primary root, but not in newly formed lateral root primordia and the root meristem, and induced by exogenous auxin NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). In addition, the ceg mutant was hyposensitive to NAA, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), as well as the auxin transport inhibitor TIBA (3,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid), showing that CEG is an auxin-inducible gene. Taken together, our results show that CEG is a novel F-box protein negatively regulating the auxin-mediated lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. Electronic supplementary material Electronic supplementary material is available for this article at and accessible for authorised users.     

Cytological characterization of the tandem repetitive sequences and their methylation status in the Antirrhinum majus genome

Tandem repetitive sequences are DNA motifs common in the genomes of eukaryotic species and are often embedded in heterochromatic regions. In most eukaryotes, ribosomal genes, as well as centromeres and telomeres or subtelomeres, are associated with abundant tandem arrays of repetitive sequences and typically represent the final barriers to completion of whole-genome sequencing. The nature of these repeats makes it difficult to estimate their actual sizes. In this study, combining the two cytological techniques DNA fiber-FISH and pachytene chromosome FISH allowed us to characterize the tandem repeats distributed genome wide in Antirrhinum majus and identify four types of tandem repeats, 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, CentA1, and CentA2, representing the major tandem repetitive components, which were estimated to have a total length of 18.50 Mb and account for 3.59% of the A. majus genome. FISH examination revealed that all the tandem repeats correspond to heterochromatic knobs along the pachytene chromosomes. Moreover, the methylation status of the tandem repeats was investigated in both somatic cells and pollen mother cells from anther tissues using an antibody against 5-methylcytosine combined with sequential FISH analyses. Our results showed that these repeats were hypomethylated in anther tissues, especially in the pollen mother cells at pachytene stage.     

The Skp1‐like protein SSK1 is required for cross‐pollen compatibility in S‐RNase‐based self‐incompatibility

The self‐incompatibility (SI) response occurs widely in flowering plants as a means of preventing self‐fertilization. In these self/non‐self discrimination systems, plant pistils reject self or genetically related pollen. In the Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae, pistil‐secreted S‐RNases enter the pollen tube and function as cytotoxins to specifically arrest self‐pollen tube growth. Recent studies have revealed that the S‐locus F‐box (SLF) protein controls the pollen expression of SI in these families. However, the precise role of SLF remains largely unknown. Here we report that PhSSK1 (Petunia hybrida SLF‐interacting Skp1‐like1), an equivalent of AhSSK1 of Antirrhinum hispanicum, is expressed specifically in pollen and acts as an adaptor in an SCF(Skp1‐Cullin1‐F‐box)^SLF complex, indicating that this pollen‐specific SSK1‐SLF interaction occurs in both Petunia and Antirrhinum, two species from the Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae, respectively. Substantial reduction of PhSSK1 in pollen reduced cross‐pollen compatibility (CPC) in the S‐RNase‐based SI response, suggesting that the pollen S determinant contributes to inhibiting rather than protecting the S‐RNase activity, at least in solanaceous plants. Furthermore, our results provide an example that a specific Skp1‐like protein other than the known conserved ones can be recruited into a canonical SCF complex as an adaptor.     

基于S-核酸酶的自交不亲和性的分子机制

自交不亲和性是一种广泛存在于显花植物中的种内生殖障碍,可以抑制近亲繁殖而促进异交。其中,以茄科、玄参科和蔷薇科为代表的配子体自交不亲和性是最常见的类型。这类自交不亲和性是由单一的多态性S-位点所控制。目前的研究发现这一位点至少包含两个自交不亲和反应特异性决定因子：花柱中的S-核酸酶和花粉中的SLF（S-Locus F-box）蛋白。该文将主要介绍并讨论基于S-核酸酶的自交不亲和性分子机制的研究进展。     

Analysis of genetic architecture and favorable allele usage of agronomic traits in a large collection of Chinese rice accessions

Genotyping and phenotyping large natural populations provide opportunities for population genomic analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Several rice populations have been re-sequenced in the past decade; however, many major Chinese rice cultivars were not included in these studies. Here, we report large-scale genomic and phenotypic datasets for a collection mainly comprised of 1,275 rice accessions of widely planted cultivars and parental hybrid rice lines from China. The population was divided into three indica/Xian and three japonica/Geng phylogenetic subgroups that correlate strongly with their geographic or breeding origins. We acquired a total of 146 phenotypic datasets for 29 agronomic traits under multi-environments for different subpopulations. With GWAS, we identified a total of 143 significant association loci, including three newly identified candidate genes or alleles that control heading date or amylose content. Our genotypic analysis of agronomically important genes in the population revealed that many favorable alleles are underused in elite accessions, suggesting they may be used to provide improvements in future breeding efforts. Our study provides useful resources for rice genetics research and breeding.

     

Detection of intra-tumor self antigen recognition during melanoma tumor progression in mice using advanced multimode confocal/two photon microscope

Determining how tumor immunity is regulated requires understanding the extent to which the anti-tumor immune response "functions" in vivo without therapeutic intervention. To better understand this question, we developed advanced multimodal reflectance confocal/two photon fluorescence intra-vital imaging techniques to use in combination with traditional ex vivo analysis of tumor specific T cells. By transferring small numbers of melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells (Pmel-1), in an attempt to mimic physiologic conditions, we found that B16 tumor growth alone was sufficient to induce naive Pmel-1 T cell proliferation and acquisition of effector phenotype. Tumor -primed Pmel-1 T cells, are capable of killing target cells in the periphery and secrete IFNγ, but are unable to mediate tumor regression. Within the tumor, Pmel-1 T cells have highly confined mobility, displaying long term interactions with tumor cells. In contrast, adoptively transferred non tumor-specific OT-I T cells show neither confined mobility, nor long term interaction with B16 tumor cells, suggesting that intra-tumor recognition of cognate self antigen by Pmel-1 T cells occurs during tumor growth. Together, these data indicate that lack of anti-tumor efficacy is not solely due to ignorance of self antigen in the tumor microenvironment but rather to active immunosuppressive influences preventing a protective immune response.