克隆整合对无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)忍受沙埋能力的影响

无芒雀麦是浑善达克沙地植物群落中占优势的多年生根茎禾草。研究了克隆整合特性对无芒雀麦忍受沙埋能力的影响。结果表明,克隆整合显著提高了远端完全沙埋分株的存活,耗-益分析表明远端沙埋分株的生物量、分株数、叶片数、根茎节数和根茎总长显著受益于克隆整合,而与之相连的近端非沙埋分株却没有产生显著的损耗,并且随着沙埋程度增加时,远端沙埋分株的收益有增大的趋势。因而,克隆整合特性是无芒雀麦对严酷沙埋环境形成的重要适应对策,它能够缓解沙埋对无芒雀麦存活、生长的胁迫,提高其在半干旱沙化地区的适合度。     

河南木札岭温带落叶阔叶林群落特征及主要乔木空间分布格局

以木札岭世界地质公园3 hm²的温带落叶阔叶林为研究对象, 分析了群落的物种组成、胸径结构、群落分类和主要物种的空间分布格局。结果显示: 样地内共有木本植物31科52属85种, 以蔷薇科、桦木科、卫矛科、忍冬科、杨柳科和槭树科为主, 锐齿槲栎(Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata)和华山松(Pinus armandii)为群落内优势种, 稀有种和偶见种分别占总物种数的20.0%和28.24%。物种径级分布遵从典型的倒“J”型, 植物群落更新状况良好。多元回归树经过交叉验证认为可将该样地划分为4个群落类型: 1)锐齿槲栎+华山松+秦岭木姜子(Litsea tsinlingensis) +微毛樱桃(Cerasus clarofolia) +三桠乌药(Lindera obtusiloba)群落; 2)锐齿槲栎+腺柳(Salix chaenomeloides) +湖北花楸(Sorbus hupehensis)群落; 3)锐齿槲栎+臭椿(Ailanthus altissima) +微毛樱桃+秦岭木姜子群落; 4)锐齿槲栎+白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis) +秦岭木姜子+山梅花(Philadelphus incanus)群落。在完全随机分布模型下, 样地中主要物种在整个研究尺度中全部呈聚集分布, 并且这些物种主要聚集分布在不同的生境中, 具有明显的地形生境偏好;在异质性泊松分布模型下, 这些物种在不同尺度上主要呈随机分布或规则分布。该研究结果表明地形生境异质性是影响木札岭样地物种空间分布的重要因素。通过该研究可增加对木札岭世界地质公园植物组成、群落结构和群落分布的认识, 同时可为该区域生物多样性保护和森林管理提供参考。     

水稻穗部性状的QTL与环境互作分析

分别在两年收集珍汕97／明恢63的重组自交系群体的表现数据,运用混合线性模型的QTL定位方法,联合分析穗部5个性状的QTLs7及QTL与环境互作关系。每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、结实率、穗长和穗着密度分别检测到10、3、6、8和7个QTLs分别解释各性状变异的29．13％、19．2％、29．46％、26．39％和35．76％。对于同一性状,高值亲本和低值亲本中均存在增效和减效QTL。相关性状QTL的位置表现相同或相似,高值亲本和低值亲本中均存在增效和减效QTL。相关性状QTL的位置表现相同或相似,成族分布。1个穗长QTL,2个每穗颖花数QTL3,3个结实率QTLs表现与环境显著互作,QTL与环境互作效应的贡献率比相应的QTL贡献率略大。遗传力稍高的每穗实粒数和穗着粒密度的DQTL与环境不互作。     

人新基因ASB-8SOCS盒缺失突变体抑制肺癌细胞生长

ASB 8是新近发现的含锚蛋白重复序列和细胞因子信号抑制物盒蛋白质家族新成员 (humanankyrinre peatandSOCSboxcontainingproteinfamily ,ASBfamily)。研究观察了人ASB 8在肺癌中的表达及对肿瘤细胞生长的影响。利用制备的ASB 8多克隆抗体和免疫组化技术 ,分析了人ASB 8在肺癌组织中的表达 ;构建ASB 8及其SOCS盒缺失突变体 (ASB 8ΔSB)的真核表达载体 ,转染至人肺腺癌细胞系SPC A1中并检测外源基因的表达 ;通过体外细胞生长曲线、裸鼠体内成瘤试验 ,观察ASB 8及其缺失突变体对SPC A1细胞生长的影响。免疫组化结果表明 :ASB 8蛋白在肺癌组织中高表达 ,阳性率为 96 .8% (30 / 31) ,而在癌旁肺和正常肺组织低表达或不表达 ,弱阳性率仅为 2 5 .8% (8/ 31) ;转染ASB 8ΔSB的SPC A1肺癌细胞的增殖速度显著慢于对照组细胞 (P <0 .0 1) ,而转染ASB 8的肺癌细胞没有明显的生长特性改变 ;ASB 8SOCS盒缺失突变体对SPC A1的体内生长及肿瘤形成有一定的抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1)。ASB 8基因可能是一种与人肺癌发生发展相关的新基因。     

Four new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tubeufia</Emphasis> (Tubeufiaceae,Tubeufiales) from Thailand

Tubeufia was named for a sexual morph taxon. However, several asexual morph species have been accommodated in this genus as well. In our study, four new species of Tubeufia, viz. T. filiformis, T. latispora, T. laxispora and T. mackenziei, are described and illustrated. The phylogenetic placement of the new species is confirmed by analysis of combined ITS, LSU and TEF1α sequence data. A key to Tubeufia species is provided and the new species are compared with similar fungal taxa.     

缺硼导致柑橘叶脉和果实导管分子形态畸形的观察

缺硼可导致柑橘叶片变厚而脆、发生木栓化、"猴头果"等现象,其原因是植物组织内部起运输作用的维管组织受到损坏。导管是维管组织重要组成部分,本实验以‘纽荷尔’脐橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck ‘Newhall’)和HB柚[Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.‘HB You’]叶片、HB柚果实中果皮为材料,利用离析方法将导管分离,观察缺硼导管分子形态的变化。结果表明:(1)缺硼使纽荷尔脐橙叶脉中的孔纹导管数量增多;(2)缺硼使HB柚叶片和果实中果皮的孔纹导管大量增生,梯纹导管和网纹导管数量减少;(3)正常导管圆润饱满,而缺硼导管变形干瘪,且有侧壁穿孔现象;(4)缺硼导管变得短而窄,细胞壁变薄,无尾率增加,使维管组织功能丧失。(5)缺硼维管束受损,运输效率降低,是发生叶脉木栓化和"猴头果"现象的源头。     

Highly Informative Single-Copy Nuclear Microsatellite DNA Markers Developed Using an AFLP-SSR Approach in Black Spruce (Picea mariana) and Red Spruce (P. rubens)

Background

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly informative molecular markers for various biological studies in plants. In spruce (Picea) and other conifers, the development of single-copy polymorphic genomic microsatellite markers is quite difficult, owing primarily to the large genome size and predominance of repetitive DNA sequences throughout the genome. We have developed highly informative single-locus genomic microsatellite markers in black spruce (Picea mariana) and red spruce (Picea rubens) using a simple but efficient method based on a combination of AFLP and microsatellite technologies.

Principal Findings

A microsatellite-enriched library was constructed from genomic AFLP DNA fragments of black spruce. Sequencing of the 108 putative SSR-containing clones provided 94 unique sequences with microsatellites. Twenty-two of the designed 34 primer pairs yielded scorable amplicons, with single-locus patterns. Fourteen of these microsatellite markers were characterized in 30 black spruce and 30 red spruce individuals drawn from many populations. The number of alleles at a polymorphic locus ranged from 2 to 18, with a mean of 9.3 in black spruce, and from 3 to 15, with a mean of 6.2 alleles in red spruce. The polymorphic information content or expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.340 to 0.909 (mean = 0.67) in black spruce and from 0.161 to 0.851 (mean = 0.62) in red spruce. Ten SSR markers showing inter-parental polymorphism inherited in a single-locus Mendelian mode, with two cases of distorted segregation. Primer pairs for almost all polymorphic SSR loci resolved microsatellites of comparable size in Picea glauca, P. engelmannii, P. sitchensis, and P. abies.

Significance

The AFLP-based microsatellite-enriched library appears to be a rapid, cost-effective approach for isolating and developing single-locus informative genomic microsatellite markers in black spruce. The markers developed should be useful in black spruce, red spruce and other Picea species for various genetics, genomics, breeding, forensics, conservation studies and applications.     

Preparation and pharmacodynamics of low-molecular-weight chitosan nanoparticles containing insulin

Low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) was obtained by enzymatic degradation and ultrafiltration separation. LMWC nanoparticles with LMWC having 20 kDa weight average molecular weight (M_w) were then prepared by solvent evaporation method. The resultant nanoparticles were spherical with a narrow particle size distribution. LMWC nanoparticles loaded with insulin as a model drug were prepared. The average entrapment efficiency of insulin could reach up to 95.54%. The in vitro drug release profiles from the nanoparticles showed an initial burst of release in the first 2 h, followed by zero order release kinetics. In vivo pharmacodynamics of chitosan nanoparticles containing insulin showed that the nanoparticles showed some hypoglycemic activity. Compared with an insulin solution, a relative bioavailability of 0.737 was observed for four times the dosage of insulin in the chitosan nanoparticles after pulmonary administration.     

上皮间质转化和细胞衰老在肿瘤发生中的共同调节分子

上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)和细胞衰老是与肿瘤发生密切相关的两个重要事件。在肿瘤发展过程中,上皮间质转化是促进迁移和侵袭的重要机制。细胞衰老作为一个重要的细胞自主的肿瘤预防机制,可以抑制细胞转化和肿瘤发生。虽然EMT和细胞衰老发生在肿瘤发展过程中的不同时间段,但众多研究发现,多种介导EMT发生的关键信号通路和转录因子能调节细胞衰老过程;同时,参与细胞衰老的经典信号通路也影响着EMT进程。就联系这两种细胞生物学事件的调控因素作一综述。     

人巨细胞病毒cDNA文库的构建、鉴定及pp65阳性克隆筛选

为进一步进行人巨细胞病毒 (HCMV)后基因组功能的研究 ,以及为疫苗分子和早期诊断试剂的研制提供有效工具 ,从HCMVAD1 69株感染 96h的HF细胞中提取HCMV的mRNA ,逆转录合成cDNA片段 ,重组入λgt1 1EcoRI酶切位点之间 ,包装蛋白包装 ,构建HCMVAD1 69株基因组cDNA表达文库。结果表明 ,初始HCMVcDNA文库容量为 3 6× 1 0 6,重组率为 96% ;HCMV鼠多克隆抗血清筛选出 1 68个HCMV阳性克隆 ;地高辛标记pp65特异性寡核苷酸探针原位噬斑杂交筛选出 3 4个pp65阳性克隆 ,再经PCR扩增 ,筛选出 2个pp65阳性克隆 ;pp65PCR扩增产物进一步被Southernblotting证实 ;3 端测序比较 ,同源性为 98%。为进一步克隆、表达该基因及其产物功能研究奠定基础