毛筒壳科真菌次级代谢产物生物活性的评价

毛筒壳科Tubeufiaceae真菌具有产新结构、新活性次级代谢产物的潜力,目前对该科真菌次级代谢产物的研究较少。为了寻找具有生物活性的新化合物,有必要对毛筒壳科真菌次级代谢产物及其活性进行系统深入的研究。本文采用平板对峙法、生长速率法和MTT法,分别测定已分离得到的19株该科真菌活体菌株抑菌活性、发酵物抑菌活性以及发酵物粗提物对不同人体肿瘤细胞株增殖的抑制作用。通过平板对峙法,试验共筛选获得13株活性菌株,其中,红棕毛筒腔菌菌株Tubeufia rubra PF02-2对7种植物病原真菌有明显的抑菌效果,抑制率均高于60%且抑菌谱广。采用生长速率法,发现红棕毛筒腔菌菌株PF02-2经液体发酵后,发酵液对其中4种植物病原真菌仍有一定的抑制作用,且菌丝体部分的乙酸乙酯提取物对马铃薯早疫病病菌Alternaria solani（ZYB）的抑制效果最好。通过MTT法,发现发酵物粗提物对3种肿瘤细胞均具有不同程度的细胞毒活性,其中在300μg/mL时,剑叶莎毛筒腔菌菌株Tubeufia machaerinae ML03-2发酵液部分的乙酸乙酯提取物对人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa和人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3的抑制率（%）分别达到了98.92±0.15和97.86±0.18,在400μg/mL时,对人肝癌细胞株HEPG2的抑制率（%）达到了98.88±0.04;在500μg/mL时,明孢新旋卷孢菌菌株Neohelicosporium hyalosporum ML05-1菌丝体部分的乙酸乙酯提取物对人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞的抑制率（%）为98.32±0.02,在600μg/mL时,对人肝癌细胞株HEPG2的抑制率（%）达到了97.62±0.20,在300μg/mL时,对人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3的抑制率（%）达到了98.91±0.02。该研究结果为开发利用毛筒壳科真菌提供了科学依据。     

新城疫分离毒HN蛋白的抗原性初步分析及分子特性研究

运用针对NDV囊膜糖蛋白(HN)的单克隆抗体(MAbs),对2005～2006年间自我国江苏和广西部分地区的20株NDV分离株进行排谱试验,初步分析了不同毒株之间HN蛋白的抗原表位差异;并应用RT-PCR技术成功扩增了其HN基因整个编码区,经克隆、测序最终获得13株鸡源NDV与7株鹅源NDV HN基因的编码区序列,分析测定核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列,并将鹅源NDV与鸡源NDV相应序列进行了比较.结果单抗排谱试验表明,20株NDV分离株之间HN蛋白的抗原表位存在差异;测序结果表明,测定的HN基因的编码区长度皆为1716nt编码571个氨基酸;分离株中18株基因Ⅶ型NDV分离株之间HN基因编码区核苷酸序列具有较高的同源性,达94.8%～100%;与近几年国内流行的其它基因Ⅶ型NDV之间的核苷酸序列同源性为92.1%～99.6%.对其推导的HN蛋白一级结构中潜在的糖基化位点及HN蛋白细胞受体结合相关区域的氨基酸序列等进行了比较分析.结果显示,单抗排谱差异显著株在部分氨基酸位点发生了突变;同时揭示我国部分地区同期流行的鹅源NDV与鸡源NDV HN基因之间具有较近的亲缘关系.     

雌雄文昌鱼同工酶的表型差异

本文应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合生化染色方法分析了雌雄文昌鱼中苹果酸酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和酯酶四种同工酶的酶谱。首次发现苹果酸酶、苹果酸脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶表型在文昌鱼雌性和雄性个体之间存在差异 ,而在同一性别不同个体之间无差异。酯酶表型较复杂 ,不但在不同性别个体之间而且在同一性别不同个体之间都出现一定差异     

Leaf C:N:P stoichiometrical and morphological traits of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haloxylon ammodendron</Emphasis> over plantation age sequences in an oasis-desert ecotone in North China

Haloxylon ammodendron, a typical C₄ desert shrub, is widely used in vegetation reestablishment programs to stabilize shifting sand dunes and to control shifting sands encroaching into oases in the oasis-desert ecotones in northwestern China. In this study, we investigated the morphological traits and analyzed leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometrical characteristics in an age sequence of 2-, 5-, 9-, 13-, 16-, 31-, and 39-year old H. ammodendron plantations, to assess their growth development and degeneration processes. Results showed that the height, stem diameter, and canopy increased rapidly in the early establishment stage (2–9 years), and thereafter, showed a slower increase from 13 to 39 years. The leaf C and N concentrations and N:P ratio showed a rapid increase from ages 2–5, but C:N exhibited a significant decline. After 5 years, plantation leaf C, N, C:N, and N:P were stable, and leaf P and C:P showed no significant difference among all plantation ages. Leaf C and N concentrations were mainly affected by soil properties. Limiting nutrient factors in soil changed from nitrogen before 2 years to phosphorus after 5 years. The findings suggested that leaf stoichiometrical characteristics combined with morphological traits can be used to reflect the degeneration trend of H. ammodendron. Further research is needed to reveal the processes and mechanisms of H. ammodendron growth development and degeneration, and its adaption to the soil environment.     

羊口疮病毒分子特征与免疫逃逸策略

羊传染性脓疱皮炎(Contagious ecthyma)俗称羊口疮(Orf)是由羊口疮病毒(Orf virus,ORFV)引起的一种人畜共患传染病。ORFV是痘病毒科副痘病毒属的代表性成员之一,具有鲜明而独特的种属特征。在进化过程中,病毒捕获一系列免疫调节/致病性相关基因,通过各种表达产物协同性地限制宿主的免疫清除效应,以庇护种群的增殖和病毒粒子成熟。本文综述了ORFV的分子特征,着重分析了病毒主动干预宿主免疫应答、设计免疫逃逸的分子机制。明确病毒的免疫调节/致病性元件及其效应途径,有利于加深对ORFV生物学特性的理解,同时有利于针对Orf建立有效的防制。     

香蜜儿的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称香蜜儿（Boronia heterophylla F.Muell.）。2材料类别茎段。3培养条件基本培养基为MS。（1）启动培养基（初代培养基）：MS＋6-BA2.0mg·L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0.2;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA1.0＋NAA0.1;（3）生根培养基：1/2MS＋NAA0.2＋IBA0.3＋2,4-D0.01。     

水稻剑叶部分形态生理特性QTL分析以及它们与产量、产量性状的关系

光合产物是水稻产量的主要来源,因此对水稻后期功能叶片尤其是剑叶形态生理性状的遗传分析对水稻高产育种很重要。利用来源于籼／粳交后代的重组自交系群体为材料对水稻剑叶形态（叶片长、宽、面积）和生理性状（叶绿度、持绿性）进行了QTL定位,并对这些性状与产量、产量性状的相关性进行了分析。两年分别定位了17、6和14个与剑叶形态性状、叶绿度和持绿性有关的QTL,其中10个QTL在两年中共同检测到。相关分析表明,较大的剑叶可以增加穗粒数并显著增加产量,然而叶绿度和持绿性与产量、产量性状无关或呈显著负相关。叶绿度与剑叶大小呈显著负相关以及籼／粳交群体后代半不育是叶绿度和持绿性与产量、产量性状无关或呈显著负相关的可能原因。染色体4上的RM255-RM349区域同时控制3个剑叶形态性状并且解释的变异也较大,该区域可用于遗传改良以提高水稻产量。染色体3上的RM422-RM565区域重叠了3个与持绿性有关的QTL,它们对产量的贡献有待于通过构建近等基因系进行深入研究。     

结核分枝杆菌感染对人巨噬细胞离子通道及其调控元件转录表达的影响

为研究人巨噬细胞的离子通道及其调控元件是否参与了抗结核分枝杆菌感染免疫,利用表达谱芯片技术研究细菌感染后主巨噬细胞基因的表达情况,在全局表达谱分析的基础上,重点分析了离子通道及其调控元件的表达,并比较无毒株和临床分离有毒株在诱导离子通道及其调控元件表达方面的差异。结果表明,细菌感染影响离子通道及其调控元件基因的表达,涉及的离子通道包括钾通道、钠通道、氯通道、钙通道,差异表达的调控元件包括G蛋白、G蛋白偶联受体、蛋白质激酶和磷酸化酶;临床株感染影响的离子通道及其调控元件较无毒株广泛和丰富。这些观察结果提示,离子通道及其调控元件参与了宿主细胞对感染细菌的免疫应答,有关离子通道及其调控元件在抗结核免疫中的作用有待进一步研究。芯片研究的结果为将来的研究提供了线索。     

Protein kinase MARK/PAR-1 is required for neurite outgrowth and establishment of neuronal polarity

Protein kinases of the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) family were originally discovered because of their ability to phosphorylate certain sites in tau protein (KXGS motifs in the repeat domain). This type of phosphorylation is enhanced in abnormal tau from Alzheimer brain tissue and causes the detachment of tau from microtubules. MARK-related kinases (PAR-1 and KIN1) occur in various organisms and are involved in establishing and maintaining cell polarity. Herein, we report the ability of MARK2 to affect the differentiation and outgrowth of cell processes from neuroblastoma and other cell models. MARK2 phosphorylates tau protein at the KXGS motifs; this results in the detachment of tau from microtubules and their destabilization. The formation of neurites in N2a cells is blocked if MARK2 is inactivated, either by transfecting a dominant negative mutant, or by MARK2 inhibitors such as hymenialdisine. Alternatively, neurites are blocked if the target KXGS motifs on tau are rendered nonphosphorylatable by point mutations. The results suggest that MARK2 contributes to the plasticity of microtubules needed for neuronal polarity and the growth of neurites.     

Mapping and Isolation of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Plant Height and Heading Date in Rice

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for heading date and plant height in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) using a recombinant inbred line population consisting of 241 lines. Totally 4 QTLs for heading date and 4 QTLs for plant height were detected in three years. The QTL with large effects located in the interval C1023-R1440 on chromosome 7 was simultaneously detected in three years for both traits. In order to distinguished the interval whether contained one QTL with pleiotropy effect or two close linked QTLs, a recombinant line RIL50, whose genetic background was high similar to Zhenshan 97 except the regions covered the major QTL from Minghui 63, was selected to cross with Zhenshan 97. A BC1F2 population from the cross, which could be regarded as near isogenic lines (NIL) with the targeted QTL (QTL-NIL), was used to collect heading date and plant height data. The frequency distribution of the two traits in the BC1F2 population was bimodal, and their segregation ratios were in accordance with the expected Mendelian inheritance ratios. Normally, the short plants flowered early in the population, the high plants with late heading date, but the relationships between the plant height and the heading date of 6 plants conflicted with the case. The above results clearly demonstrated that QTL could be treated as single Mendelian factor. Moreover, there are two close linked genes controlling the heading date and the plant height on chromosome 7, respectively.