臂丛神经撕脱伤后慢性疼痛患者脑区葡萄糖代谢的研究

臂丛神经撕脱伤后慢性疼痛是一种临床上顽固性神经病理性疼痛.然而,对于其潜在的中枢机制还知之甚少.为了进一步探讨臂丛神经撕脱伤后慢性疼痛的相关脑区活动,利用18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)正电子断层扫描(PET)技术观察臂丛神经撕脱后慢性疼痛患者的脑葡萄糖代谢.选择左侧臂丛神经撕脱伤后慢性疼痛行脊髓后根入髓区(DREZ)切开术后疼痛减轻>75%的患者,共5例,分别在术前和术后14天行PET扫描采集数据,同时行视觉模拟评分(VAS),汉密尔顿(Hamilton)抑郁和焦虑评分.用统计参数图(SPM2)软件分析数据.与术前疼痛状态下相比,术后葡萄糖代谢明显减低的脑区有双侧尾状核,眶额回(OFC)(BA11),对侧扣带下回(BA25)和同侧前额叶背外侧区域(DLPFC)(BA46/47).葡萄糖代谢明显增高的脑区有对侧丘脑,枕核和同侧项叶(BA7).研究结果提示,涉及情绪、注意和疼痛内在调节的脑区在臂丛神经撕脱伤后慢性疼痛的调制中发挥重要作用.     

Multi-agent-based bio-network for systems biology: protein–protein interaction network as an example

Recently, a collective effort from multiple research areas has been made to understand biological systems at the system level. This research requires the ability to simulate particular biological systems as cells, organs, organisms, and communities. In this paper, a novel bio-network simulation platform is proposed for system biology studies by combining agent approaches. We consider a biological system as a set of active computational components interacting with each other and with an external environment. Then, we propose a bio-network platform for simulating the behaviors of biological systems and modelling them in terms of bio-entities and society-entities. As a demonstration, we discuss how a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network can be seen as a society of autonomous interactive components. From interactions among small PPI networks, a large PPI network can emerge that has a remarkable ability to accomplish a complex function or task. We also simulate the evolution of the PPI networks by using the bio-operators of the bio-entities. Based on the proposed approach, various simulators with different functions can be embedded in the simulation platform, and further research can be done from design to development, including complexity validation of the biological system.     

醋酸纤维素固定化酰化酶膜的研究

采用正交实验法,考察了铸膜液配比对醋酸纤维素固定化氨基酰化酶微孔滤膜的影响,对酶膜的泡点压力、孔径、孔隙率及透水速率等性能进行了表征.结果表明,铸膜液组合最佳时,酶相对活力产率高达98.2%,酶膜的透水率适当,重复使用10次后仍保留原活力的79.7%,而其存放稳定性也大大提高.     

Observation on Rice Embryo Sac Development with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

An easy and rapid procedure has been launched for observafion of embryo sac development of Oryza sativa L. Following fixation and dehydration, whole mounted ovaries were cleared in methyl sulieylate, finally sealed under coverslips with clove oil. With the confocal laser scanmng microscopy procedure, the embryo sac exhibited autofluorescence and could be clearly observed. FAA and 4% glutaraldehyde as fixative produced different results but the latter seemed to be better.     

Development of Anther- defective Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line from Interspecific Hybridization Between Dongxiang Wild Rice and Cultivated Rice and Preliminary Observations on Its Derivatives

Exploring novel source of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is essential to stablize the productivity of hybrid rice. Dongxiang wild rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff. ) has been recorded as the northest distributed wild rice in China that is resistant to several biotic or abiotic stresses. A male sterile line M01A defective of anther was identified in the F3 population from an interspecific cross between Dongxiang wild rice and cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica ). Crosses and successive backcrosses were made between M01A and a variety of breeding materials and 19 progeny families were obtained. Among the families, some were defective of anthers, and some have twisted and degenerated anthers without microsporogenesis or with a few typical aborted pollen. These resuits implicate that the male sterility of M01A was genetically regulated by the interaction between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Only one cross produced male-fertile hybrid in which the paternal parent contains a part of the genome of Dongxiang wild rice, which implies that Dongxiang wild rice itself could be the source of the fertility restorer to M01A.     

细菌群体感应及其在食品变质中的作用

食品相关细菌引起的生物被膜形成和食品变质是食品工业中的重大问题。研究表明细菌群体感应(Quorum sensing,QS)与被膜形成、食品腐败变质密切相关。重点对细菌产生的各种QS信号分子及其在被膜形成的作用和被膜在食品工业中的重要性做了介绍。QS信号分子与食品变质密切相关,故对QS抑制剂作为新型食品防腐剂以延长储存期限及加强食品安全的前景进行了概述。     

江西池江盆地上古新统一种类似偶蹄类的古有蹄类

奇蹄类和偶蹄类是现代的主要有蹄动物,它们的起源一直是古哺乳动物学界关心的课题。近年来的发现表明,在早始新世奇蹄类出现之前,亚洲已有牙齿形态与奇蹄类相近的有蹄类存在。偶蹄类的情况可能也是如此,这里记述的古新世新村里赣蹄兽就是一个明证。新村里赣蹄兽(Ganungulatum xincunliense gen.et sp.nov.)化石产于江西大余青龙镇新村里附近的晚古新世池江组滥泥坑段,化石地点编号为72035(76)。在同一地点还发现南方古对锥兽Archaeoryctes notialis Zheng,1979和滥泥坑赣脊兽Ganolophus lanikenensis Zhang,1979。赣蹄兽材料为一对不完整的下颌骨,右下颌骨保存i2-3,c和p4-m3,左下颌骨存有p3-m3(IVPP V 14154)。其特征是下齿式为3?·1·4·3;i3与颊齿列平行,i2稍有些斜;犬齿小;p3有初始的跟座,p4三角座明显,跟座小;下臼齿为丘形齿,牙齿由m1向m3增大,三角座前后收缩,下前尖位于舌侧,并靠近下后尖,下后尖较下原尖靠后,m3有一增大的跟座,跟盆向舌侧开放。新村里赣蹄兽下颊齿低冠,呈丘形齿,下臼齿三角座前后收缩和m3下次小尖增大等特征,说明了赣蹄兽与亚洲古新世地层中常见的真兽类,例如(?)兽类、裂齿类、中兽类和全齿类不同,而与Prothero et al.(1988)提出的有蹄类(Ungulata)牙齿相似,表现出与某些有蹄类密切相关。与已知的晚白垩世和古新世有蹄类比较,赣蹄兽与"踝节类"("condylarths")中的豕齿类(hyopsodontids)和眛兽类(mioclaenids)比较相近。但从其下犬齿小,p4相对较大,臼齿化程度高,以及下臼齿下前尖在舌面位置和与下后尖接近等特征来看,赣蹄兽更接近mioclaenids。修仁古亚兽(Palasiodon siurensis)是亚洲仅有的mioclaenid,产于广东南雄盆地下古新统上湖组,但在牙齿形态上容易与这里记述的赣蹄兽区别,古亚兽下颊齿短宽,m3很退化。与其他已知的mioclaenids比较,赣蹄兽在大小上和牙齿形态上与北美Torrejonian的Litaletes disjunctus最接近,两者都有小的匙状的下犬齿,相对臼齿化的p4,下臼齿下前尖向舌侧位移,前、后齿带无或很弱,m3增大。但赣蹄兽明显不同于,J.disjunctus,前者p3更小,更简单,p4下前尖更小,跟座不成盆状,下臼齿下前尖较大,更加舌位,并与下后尖靠近,下后尖在下原尖的后侧,m3下内尖不明显。由此可见,赣蹄兽下颊齿和已知的"踝节类"是可以区别的,但更重要的区别点是在下颌骨的前面部分。在与arctocyonids、hyopsodontids和phenacodontids等"踝节类"对比时,我们发现赣蹄兽和"踝节类"之间的重大差异在于下门齿的排列上。这些"踝节类"的三个下门齿密集地排列在下颌骨的前端,呈圆弧状,与颊齿列斜交,而赣蹄兽的i3与颊齿列平行,i2稍斜。赣蹄兽下门齿的排列形式与早期偶蹄类Diacodexis pakistanensis相似,在亚洲始新世的Gobiohyus robuxtus和Lophiomeryx angarae也有类似的情况。赣蹄兽与Diacodexis、Gobiohyus和Wutuhyus等早期的偶蹄类的相似之处还在于下颌骨形态,较细长,较浅,下颌骨深度向前变浅,下臼齿向后增大,下前尖在舌面位置,下后尖在下原尖的后面,m1-2下次小尖在后缘上,m3下次小尖增大,并形成第三叶。但在p3-4形态上,赣蹄兽与这些早期偶蹄类不同,赣蹄兽明显比早期偶蹄类复杂,即臼齿化程度较高。赣蹄兽保留了像某些"踝节类"(如Litaletes)的p3-4,而它的下门齿排列却与早期偶蹄类相似。赣蹄兽下臼齿形态与早期偶蹄类具有相似性,因而不能归入"踝节目"已知科,很有可能代表与偶蹄类相关的一支古有蹄类。赣蹄兽的发现也为偶蹄类起源打开了新思路。     

串联亲和纯化（TAP）技术在蛋白质组学中的应用

蛋白质是各种生命活动的主要执行者,因此构建蛋白质相互作用的网络图对于准确理解蛋白质功能、揭开各种细胞活动的奥秘十分重要.串联亲和纯化（TAP）,是近年来发展出来的一种能够快速研究在生理条件下蛋白质相互作用,揭示蛋白质复合体相互作用网络的新技术,已成为研究蛋白质组学的一个重要工具.随着该技术的不断完善,TAP技术在认识蛋白质相互作用的过程中必将发挥越来越重要的作用.     

黑素皮质素受体1——哺乳动物黑色素形成中的关键基因MC1R——the Key Gene in Mammalian Melanin Synthesis

黑色素的形成与产生在动物的生长发育过程中受到许多基因的调控。本文综述了近年来被广泛研究的哺乳动物黑色素形成调控中的一个关键基因——黑素皮质素受体1（melanocortin-1-receptor, MC1R）基因的作用机制、DNA序列变异与黑色素性状之间的关系,并且对另一重要的脊椎动物类群——鸟类中MC1R基因的确定与突变情况作以概述,此外对乌骨鸡富含黑色素的原因和鸟类的黑色素形成机制也进行了探讨。Abstract: The study of the molecular regulation mechanism of melanin synthesis during animal development has become a new focus recently .The synthesis and production of melanin during animal development are regulated by many genes. This paper summarized the molecular function mechanism of melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) gene and the relationship between the consequences of polymorphic variation of the gene and melanin traits, in addition to summarized the identification and mutation of MC1R gene in birds. Furthermore, the reason of abundant melanin in silkies and melanin synthesis mechanism in birds are all also discussed here.     

青虾咽侧体抑制激素基因全长cDNA序列的克隆及表达分析

咽侧体抑制激素(Allatostatin, AST)是一类由几至几十个氨基酸构成的神经肽类激素, 在甲壳动物中刺激下颌器官合成甲基法尼酯, 影响甲壳动物的蜕皮和生殖。然而AST基因在甲壳动物中的克隆和表达却罕见报道。研究克隆了青虾的AST基因全长cDNA序列, 在甲壳动物中使用荧光定量PCR技术检测了AST基因在不同组织中的表达。青虾AST基因cDNA全长2995 bp, 包括242 bp的5′非编码区(UTR), 647 bp的3′UTR, 2106 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)。开放阅读框编码701个氨基酸, 可转录翻译出35个AST多肽, 在C末端都具有相同的Y/FXFGL-amide结构, 属于A型-AST。氨基酸序列比对显示保守氨基酸为Tyr、Ala、Phe、Gly、Leu。蛋白相似度比对显示, AST多肽在无脊椎动物的进化中是相对保守的。系统进化树分析表明, 青虾AST多肽与罗氏沼虾聚在一起, 具有最近的亲缘关系。荧光定量PCR检测显示, AST基因在所有被检测组织中均有表达, 由高到低依次为: 肝胰脏>肠道>精巢>脑>心脏>卵巢。对青虾AST基因全长cDNA序列克隆和表达的研究为更进一步的了解AST多肽在青虾中的重要功能奠定了基础。