创伤弧菌溶细胞素融合蛋白重组、表达与细胞毒活性鉴定

研究重组创伤弧菌溶细胞素融合蛋白(rVvhA)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,human ECV304)凋亡的作用.诱导含pET-28a( )vvhA重组质粒的BL21大肠杆菌表达创伤弧菌溶细胞素融合蛋白,应用Ni2 亲和层析方法对rVvhA进行纯化:利用分步稀释加透析相结合的方法进行蛋白质复性;绵羊红细胞裂解试验对复性后的rVvhA进行溶血活性初步测定:MTT法检测rVvhA对人ECV304细胞的体外毒性作用:应用Hochest33342/PI活细胞荧光双染及流式细胞术分析rVvhA对人ECV304细胞诱导凋亡的影响.结果显示,用Ni2 -NTA His Band亲和层析柱纯化rVvhA纯度达88.6%左右;复性后的rVvhA有一定的溶血活性,其溶血活性具有时间.剂量依赖性;MTT结果显示rVvhA具有降低人ECV304细胞的存活率活性;浓度为2.0 HU/ml rVvhA作用人ECV304 12 h后,其诱导凋亡的活性高于对照组和浓度为0.5 HU/ml rVvhA处理组,具有剂量依赖性;浓度为2.0 HU/ml rVvhA处理组加用40μmol/L caspase全酶抑制剂(Z-VAD-FMK)后凋亡率较2.0 HU/ml rVvhA处理组有一定程度降低.rVvhA对人ECV304细胞具有诱导凋亡的生物学活性,推测诱导调亡途径可能与caspase家族有关.     

Obestatin: its physicochemical characteristics and physiological functions

Obestatin, a novel 23 amino acid amidated peptide encoded by the same gene with ghrelin, was initially reported to reduce food intake, body weight gain, gastric emptying and suppress intestinal motility through an interaction with the orphan receptor GPR39. However, recently reports have shown that above findings had been questioned by several groups. Further studies explained that obestatin was involved in inhibiting thirst and anxiety, improving memory, regulating sleep, affecting cell proliferation, and increasing the secretion of pancreatic juice enzymes. We also identified that obestatin could stimulate piglet liver and adipose cell proliferation, and inhibit the secretion of IGF-I. According to the controversy over the effects and the cognate ligand of obestatin, here we provide the latest review on the structure, distribution and physiological functions of obestatin.     

金属螯合亲和层析介质用于六聚组氨酸融合蛋白的纯化研究

以Sepharose CL-6B为载体,环氧氯丙烷为活化剂,羧甲基天冬氨酸（CM-Asp）为螯合配基制备载有Co2+的金属螯合亲和层析介质Co-CM-Asp-Sepharose,并将其用于六聚组氨酸融合蛋白的纯化研究。对纯化200 μL细胞裂解液中靶蛋白所需Co-CM-Asp-Sepharose介质用量,Co-CM-Asp-Sepharose与细胞裂解液的孵育时间,介质清洗条件及靶蛋白洗脱时所需咪唑浓度等进行了优化。比较了Co-CM-Asp-Sepharose与Ni-NTA-Agarose(Qiagen公司)两种螯合介质对融合蛋白的纯化效果,开展了从5mL细胞裂解液中放大规模纯化融合蛋白的研究,并通过Bradford法测定了Co-CM-Asp-Sepharose对CD155D1蛋白的纯化量。结果表明：对200μL细胞裂解液纯化体系, Co-CM-Asp-Sepharose（50%悬浮液）的优选体积为60μL,最佳孵育时间为30min,洗脱液最佳咪唑浓度为200mmol/L,纯化得到融合蛋白的量约为200μg。介质用量放大为1.5mL（50%悬浮液）对CD155D1蛋白的纯化量可达4.6mg。与商品化Ni-NTA-Agarose相比,本介质具有选择性好,清洗条件简单,得到的靶蛋白纯度高等优点。     

CMV与SP双启动子增强外源基因在小鼠骨骼肌中的表达效率

构建分别含有CMV、肌肉特异启动子SP及双启动子CMV-SP的真核报告基因EGFP表达载体（pCMV-EGFP、pSP-EGFP及pCMV-SP-EGFP）和生长激素释放因子（GRF）表达载体（pCMV-GRF、pSP-GRF和pCMV-SP-GRF）.将3种EGFP表达质粒分别注射至小鼠骨骼肌.注射后1周、2周、3周以及4周时,分别提取肌肉组织RNA,应用半定量RT-PCR检测报告基因（EGFP）的表达量,发现pCMV-SP-EGFP组EGFP表达量显著高于pCMV-EGFP组和pSP-EGFP组（P<0.01）;经荧光检测得到了较强的荧光信号.将3种GRF表达质粒分别注射至小鼠骨骼肌,在注射后每10 d记录小鼠累积增重,采血并用RIA法测定血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）浓度,结果pCMVSP-GRF组累积增重、IGF-I浓度分别高于生理盐水组、pCMV-GRF组和pSP-GRF组（P<0.05）.结果表明：CMV与SP两种启动子组合,在小鼠骨骼肌内使外源基因表达效率提高.本研究为提高外源基因在肌肉组织的表达提供了新的途径.     

In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes induced by fibroblast growth factors and bone morphological protein-4

The feasibility of transforming embryonic endoderm into different cell types is tightly controlled by mesodermal and septum transversumal signalings during early embryonic development. Here, an induction protocol tracing embryonic liver development was designed, in which, three growth factors, acid fibroblast growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and bone morphological protein-4 that secreted from pre-cardiac mesoderm and septum transversum mesenchyme, respectively, were employed to investigate their specific potency of modulating the mature hepatocyte proportion during the differentiation process. Results showed that hepatic differentiation took place spontaneously at a low level, however, supplements of the three growth factors gave rise to a significant up-regulation of mature hepatocytes. Bone morphological protein-4 highlighted the differentiation ratio to 40-55%, showing the most effective promotion, and also exhibited a synergistic effect with the other two fibroblast factors, whereas no similar phenomenon was observed between the other two factors, which was reported for the first time. Our study not only provides a high-performance system of embryonic stem cells differentiating into hepatocytes, which would supply a sufficient hepatic population for related studies, but also make it clear of the inductive effects of three important growth factors, which could support for further investigation on the mechanisms of mesodermal and septumal derived signalings that regulate hepatic differentiation.     

中国稻区的生物多样性

中国稻区生物多样性是指该区域各种生命形式的资源总和,包括遗传多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性及与此相关的各种生态过程。本文阐述了中国栽培稻、野生稻遗传资源及稻区生境动植物的多样性,初步探讨了稻区生物多样性丧失的原因及其保护措施。     

Crystal structure of a novel fold protein Gp72 from the freshwater cyanophage Mic1

Cyanophages, widespread in aquatic systems, are a class of viruses that specifically infect cyanobacteria. Though they play important roles in modulating the homeostasis of cyanobacterial populations, little is known about the freshwater cyanophages, especially those hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Mic1 is a freshwater siphocyanophage isolated from the Lake Chaohu. It encodes three hypothetical proteins Gp65, Gp66, and Gp72, which share an identity of 61.6% to 83%. However, we find these three homologous proteins differ from each other in oligomeric state. Moreover, we solve the crystal structure of Gp72 at 2.3 Å, which represents a novel fold in the α + β class. Structural analyses combined with redox assays enable us to propose a model of disulfide bond mediated oligomerization for Gp72. Altogether, these findings provide structural and biochemical basis for further investigations on the freshwater cyanophage Mic1.     

两科八属十二种(甲壳纲,十足目)淡水蟹触角形态特征的初步观察及在分类研究中的意义

通过体视学显微镜对淡水蟹类2科8属12种的触角结构进行形态学观察,发现淡水蟹类2科8属间触角的形态结构存在可用于形态学分类的特征性结构,其中第1触角比第2触角具有更多的特征性结构,且同种雌雄之间触角形态结构无显著性差异。结果表明,淡水蟹触角的形态结构特征可作为淡水蟹类属间鉴别的形态指标,可作为现有淡水蟹类形态分类系统的补充。