Polymorphism of the DQA1 promoter region (QAP) and DRB1, QAP,DQA1, DQB1 haplotypes in systemic lupus erythematosus

We have investigated the DNA polymorphism for the DQA1 promoter region (QAP) and HLA-class II DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genes in 178 central European patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using polymerase chain reaction and Dig-ddUTP labeled oligonucleotides. Increased frequencies of DRB1*02 and *03 are confirmed by DNA typing. In addition, the frequencies of DQA1*0501, *0102 and DQB1*0201, *0602 alleles are increased in the patients as compared to controls. The strongest association to SLE is found with DRB1*03 and DQB1*0201 alleles (p<10^–7, p corr. <10^–5 and p<10^–6, p corr. <10^–4, respectively). By investigating the DQA1 promoter region in the SLE patients we have detected nine different QAP variants. Increased frequencies of QAP1.2 and QAP4.1 are observed in patients as compared to controls (p <0.05, p corr. = n. s.). Analysis of linkage disquilibria demonstrates a very strong association between QAP variants and DQA1, DRB1 alleles. Certain QAP variants are completely associated with DQA1 and DRB1 alleles, whereas others can combine with different DQA1 and DRB1 alleles. All DRB1*02-positive patients and controls carry QAP1.2, and all DRB1*03-positive patients and controls carry QAP4.1. Conversely, the QAP1.2 variant appears only in DRB1*02 haplotypes, while the QAP4.1 variant can be observed in DRB1*03, *11, and *1303 haplotypes. Based on the strong linkage disequilibria between DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 genes and between DRB1-QAP-DQA1, we have deduced the four-point haplotypes for DRB1-QAP-DQA1-DQB1 in patients and controls. Two haplotypes DRB1*02-QAP1.2-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602-and DRB1*03-QAP4.1-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 are significantly increased in patient as compared to controls (p<0.01, p corr. = n.s., RR = 1.8 and p <10^–7, p corr. <10^–5, RR = 3.1, respectively). The analysis of relative risks attributed to the various alleles of QAP, DQA1, and DQB1 as well as the investigation of the deduced DRB1-QAP-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes leads to the conclusion that QAP4.1 and DQA1*0501 on the DR3 haplotypes are probably not involved in SLE susceptibility. There is no evidence for the involvement of DQ2 / dimers coded in transposition. Thus, susceptibility to SLE is on the DR3 haplotype most probably localized at DRB1 or telomeric of DRB1, while for the DR2 haplotype such orientation cannot be given. SLE study group members: M. Baur, A. Corvetta, H. Ehrfeld, J. Frey, J. R. Kalden, F. Krapf, B. Lang, G. G. Lange, K. Pirner, C. Rittner, E. Röther, P. Schneider, H. P. Seelig, S. Seuchter, W. Stangel, C. Specker, P. Späth, H. Deicher. Correspondence to: Z. Yao.     

Effect of selenium and protein deficiency on selenium and glutathione peroxidase in rats

Twenty-four weanling male Wistar rats were divided into four groups fed diets containing adequate or deficient levels of selenium (0.5 ppm [+ Se] or <0.02 ppm [−Se] and protein (15% [+Pro] or 5% [−Pro]), but adequate levels of all other nutrients for 4 wk to determine the effects of Se deficiency and protein deficiency on tissue Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in rats. Plasma, heart, liver, and kidney Se and GSHPx were significantly lower in Se-deficient groups in relation to Se-sufficient groups. In Se-deficient groups, Se and GSHPx were significantly higher in −Se−Pro rats in heart, liver, and kidney. Data analysis showed that there were significant interaction effects between dietary Se and protein on Se and GSHPx of rats. It is assumed that under the condition of Se deficiency. a low level of protein may decrease Se and GSHPx utilization, increase GSHPx synthesis, and result in Se redistribution. This could account for high levels of Se and GSHPx in the −Se−Pro rats compared to −Se+Pro rats.     

乙型肝炎病毒前S2抗原决定簇（HBVPreS2epitope）与乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原（HBcAg）的基因融合与表达

乙肝前Ｓ２（ＨＢＶＰｒｅＳ２）肽段由５５个氨基酸组成,其Ｎ端肽段含Ｔｈ和Ｂ细胞抗原决定簇。我们将化学合成的ＰｒｅＳ２ｅｐｉｔｏｐｅ（１２０－１４５）基因与ＨＢｃＡｇ基因不同位点进行融合,融合基因在大肠杆菌中获得表达,并对融合蛋白进行了纯化。经ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ实验表明,融合蛋白具有ＰｒｅＳ２和ＨＢｃＡｇ两者的抗原性。此外,研究还表明,强启动子能使表达水平有一定提高。     

黄桃罐头产品质量Fuzzy综合鉴评

本文根据FuzzZ数学理论,运用多级模型的综合评判法,对国内20种黄桃罐头产品质量进行了优劣鉴评。并将其划分为一、二、三、四4个等级。从而为罐头产品质量鉴评,准确地汰劣遴优提供新方法。     

农田林网化地区近地面层廓线特征研究

大面积林网化地区近地面层大气的系留气球观测发现,近地面层大气的风、温、湿分为两层,即下边界层和扰动边界层,其厚度和廓线分布与理查逊数有关,在中性天气条件下均满足对数分布规律,边界层（特别是扰动边界层）内的摩擦速度Ｕ．＂与旷野对比点的摩擦速度Ｕ０增大１个数量级,而粗糙度Ｚ＂０增大２个数量级,甚至更大。     

林带的防护成熟与更新

在详细探讨林带防护成熟概念的基础上,依据林带树木生长规律,建立了林带防护成熟龄与更新龄的确定方法,具体确定了北京杨、小钻杨等５个杨树品种林带的初始防护成熟龄、更新龄和更新期,并对林带不同更新方式进行了效益评价．     

物种保护信息管理系统的开发应用

在英文物种、生境和保护区管理系（MASS 3．1）的基础上,研究并改编完成了其中文系统软件包（CMASS 2．0）,并用此中文系统软件包建立了中国自然保护区信息库、中国保护动物信息库、中国濒危动物信息库、中国兽类信息库、中国鸟类信息库,这些库的建立对我国野生动物保护具有重要意义。     

不同产地苍术药材化学成分的比较

江苏、安徽及湖北５个产地苍术（Ａｔｒａｃｔｙｌｏｄｅｓｌａｎｃｅａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）ＤＣ．）商品药材的化学分析结果表明：它们在某些药材性状、一些常规化学成分、挥发油成分和含量上存在显著差异。江苏茅苍术根茎挥发油的化学成分复杂,由此探讨了它作为地道药材的特殊性。同时对苍术的“断面暴露稍久可析出结晶”的性状和《药典》（１９９０年版）规定的“层析谱上应显有苍术素斑点”的鉴别实验进行讨论。     

人红细胞NADH－细胞色素b5还原酶的分离纯化与鉴定

 人红细胞ＮＡＤＨ－细胞色素ｂ５还原酶的分离纯化与鉴定黄长晖,朱忠勇,唐玉钗（南京军区福州总院全军医学检验中心实验科,福州３５０００１）ＮＡＤＨ细胞色素ｂ５还原酶（Ｃｙｔｂ５Ｒ,Ｅ．Ｃ．１．６．２．２．）是红细胞内催化高铁血红蛋白还原为血红蛋白的关键酶...     

人血红细胞酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶（PTPP）的研究Ⅱ·胞浆PTPP的分离纯化及其主要性质

人血红细胞胞浆部分经（ＮＨ_４）_２ＳＯ_４沉淀,ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素（ＤＥ５２）柱层析,磷酸纤维素柱层析（Ｐ１１）得到部分纯化的ＰＴＰＰ,产率：５．７％,提纯１０７５倍。以（３２）￣Ｐ－Ｔｙｒ－Ｐｏｌｙ（Ｇ_４：Ｔ）作底物,测得其表征Ｋｍ约为０．５－０．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,该酶的最适ｐＨ和最适温度分别为７．０－７．８及３７－４０℃。Ｚｎ￣（２＋）等二价金属离子及Ｎａ_３ＶＯ_４等酸根基团对其活性有明显的抑制作用;ＥＤＴＡ、甘油及ＤＴＴ、巯基乙醇等则对其有强烈激活作用;而氟化物、酒石酸等对ＰＴＰＰ活性基本无影响。此外,某些蛋白质、氨基酸、核苷酸及抗肿瘤药物等对ＰＴＰＰ活性也都有不同程度的影响。特别是一些ＰＫｓ及ＰＰｓ在体外对ＰＴＰＰ活性也具有不同的作用。