艾滋病合并隐球菌感染17例尸检材料的临床病理学研究

在１５１例艾滋病尸检材料中发现１７例合并隐球菌感染,均经病理学确诊,患者男１５名,女２名,平均４３．６岁。１２例发生脑膜炎、肺炎和淋巴结炎各７例,尚见脾（６例）、肾（５例）等器官受累。９例为播散性感染。病变为慢性肉牙肿性,其中见有隐球菌。本文描述隐球菌性脑膜炎、肺炎等临床病理学表现,并讨论其病变特征与病理诊断问题。     

Nitrate Nonutilizing Mutants and Vegetative Compatibility Groups in Fusarium poae

Nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from 24 isolates of Fusarium poae and used to force heterokaryons between these isolates and to determine vegetative compatibility. Between 30 and 90% of the mycelial blocks, cultured on medium containing chlorate, produced nit mutants. The amount of chlorate in the medium altered the frequency and spectrum of nit mutants recovered. Most of the mutants (63%) had lesions at a nitrate reductase structural locus (nit1). Another 30% were mutants at one or more loci that control the production of a molybdenum-containing cofactor necessary for nitrate reductase activity (NitM). A few (6%) of the mutations occurred in a regulatory gene specific for the nitrate reduction pathway (nit3). Pairings between nit1 and NitM mutants were made on minimal medium containing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. A mutant grows thinly unless it forms a complementary heterokaryon upon contact with another mutant. Heterokaryon formation was indicated by dense growth where the two mutant colonies touched. The 24 isolates could be divided into 13 nonoverlapping vegetative compatibility groups, suggesting that asexual exchange of genetic information within F. poae is subject to significant limitations.     

A gene encoding a truncated large subunit of Rubisco is transcribed and salt-inducible in rice

Using the rice salt-tolerant mutant 20 as material, a cDNA library was constructed and two salt-inducible clones, SIR5.5 and SIR8.1, were isolated by differential screening. Homology analysis revealed that the two clones together constituted a chimeric rbcL which encoded a truncated large subunit of Rubisco with 337 amino-acids, plus 64 amino-acids of unknown origin. The expressions of both the normal and the chimeric locus appeared to be developmentally regulated and salt-inducible in shoots of the salt-tolerant mutant 20 and its original variety 77–170. In roots, their expressions were salt-inducible in the salt-tolerant mutant 20 whereas no, or only premature, forms were present in the salt-treated original variety 77–170. Higher concentrations of salt reduced the expressions of both normal rbcL and the chimeric locus. ABA showed no effect on their expression.     

Isolation,characterization and application of a species-specific repeated sequence from Haynaldia villosa

A species-specific repeated sequence, pHvNAU62, was cloned from Haynaldia villosa, a wheat relative of great importance. It strongly hybridized to H. villosa, but not to wheat. In situ hybridization localized this sequence to six of seven H. villosa chromosome pairs in telomeric or sub-telomeric regions. Southern hybridization to whea-H. villosa addition lines showed that chromosomes 1V through 6V gave strong signals in ladders while chromosome 7V escaped detection. In addition to H. villosa, several Triticeae species were identified for a high abundance of the pHvNAU62 repeated sequence, among which Thinopyrum bassarabicum and Leymus racemosus produced the strongest signals. Sequence analysis indicated that the cloned fragment was 292 bp long, being AT rich (61%), and showed 67% homology of pSc7235, a rye repeated sequence. Isochizomer analysis suggested that the present repeated sequence was heavily methylated at the cytosine of the CpG dimer in the genome of H. villosa.It was also demonstrated that pHvNAU62 is useful in tagging the introduced 6VS chromosome arm, which confers a resistance gene to wheat powdery mildew, in the segregating generations.     

Regression of hypoxic hypertension-induced changes in the elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries

Liu, S. Q. Regression of hypoxic hypertension-inducedchanges in the elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries.J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5):1677-1684, 1997.The elastic laminae of the pulmonary arteries(PAs) undergo a progressive structural change in hypoxic hypertension.This study focused on the reversibility of altered PA elastic laminaeof the rat due to hypoxic hypertension. The structure andcross-sectional area of the PA medial elastic laminae were examined byusing electron-microscopic and image-analytic approaches duringrecovery from 12 h and 10 days of hypoxic hypertension. At 12 h ofhypoxic hypertension, the elastic laminae, which appeared homogeneousin normal control animals, were reorganized into structures composed ofrandomly oriented filaments, with an increase in the cross-sectionalarea of 70%. At 10 days of hypoxic hypertension, the elastic laminaeappeared homogeneous in structure and normal in cross-sectional areadespite continuous exposure to hypoxia. During recovery from 12 h ofhypoxic hypertension, the medial elastic laminae regained theirhomogeneous structure and normal cross-sectional area afterday 2. During recovery from 10 days ofhypoxic hypertension, the medial elastic laminae changed from homogeneous to filamentous structures, with a progressively altered cross-sectional area that increased by 89% from recoveryday 0 to day10 and returned to the normal level onday 30. These changes were associatedwith alterations in the PA wall tensile stress. These results indicatedthat structural changes in the PA elastic laminae were reversible andthat the regression process depended on the duration of exposure tohypoxia, the state of the elastic laminae, and possibly the tensilestress level in the PA wall.

     

Comparative Cytochrome Oxidase and Superoxide Dismutase Analyses on Strains of Azotobacter vinelandii and Other Related Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Quantitative N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) analyses were performed on representative organisms of the family Azotobacteraceae. Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter paspali, and Derxia gummosa exhibited high quantitative TMPD oxidase activities, and their extracts possessed very active and electrophoretically homogeneous (single gel band) Fe-type SODs. Azomonas macrocytogenes extracts had similar single Fe-type SODs, and their cells exhibited no TMPD-dependent cytochrome oxidase activity. Nitrogen-fixing cells of Beijerinckia indica, Beijerinckia derxii, and Beijerinckia mobilis exhibited minimal TMPD oxidation capabilities (rates equivalent to the TMPD autooxidation reaction), and these extracts also possessed very active SODs but only of the Mn metallotype.     

Sesquiterpenes of thalloid liverworts of the genera Conocephalum,Lunularia, Metzgeria and Riccardia

Thalloid liverworts of orders Metzgeriales and Marchantiales elaborate essential oils distinguishable from those of the Jungermanniales by the absence of β-barbatene and anastreptene. Riccardia sinuata elaborates a novel tricyclic exomethylene sesquiterpene of as yet undetermined structure. Conocephalum conicum elaborates cadinene-type sesquiterpenes. β-Cadinene from the latter species is clearly enantiomeric to the same product from vascular plants.