Two new species of threadlike blood flukes (Aporocotylidae), with a molecular revision of the genera Ankistromeces Nolan & Cribb, 2004 and Phthinomita Nolan & Cribb, 2006

Ankistromeces Nolan & Cribb, 2004 and Phthinomita Nolan & Cribb, 2006 are sister genera of threadlike blood flukes (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) infecting teleost fishes of the tropical Indo-west Pacific. Here, we report new collections of these genera from Australia, Indonesia, and Japan. A new species of Ankistromeces, Ankistromeces kawamurai n. sp., is described from Siganus spinus (Linnaeus) off Okinawa, Japan, and a new species of Phthinomita, Phthinomita abdita n. sp., from Choerodon cephalotes (Castelnau), in Moreton Bay, Australia; the new species are morphologically cryptic within their respective genera and are delineated by molecular and ecological data. Ankistromeces olsoni Nolan & Cribb, 2006 is reported from Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn) off Heron Island (southern Great Barrier Reef), Lizard Island (northern Great Barrier Reef), and Okinawa and Wakayama Prefectures, Japan and from Siganus spinus (Linnaeus) from off Bali, Indonesia. Ankistromeces mariae Nolan & Cribb, 2004 is re-reported from the type-host, Meuschenia freycineti (Quoy & Gaimard), from a new location, Gypsy Bay, Tasmania. Phthinomita poulini Nolan & Cribb, 2006 is re-reported from its type-locality, Lizard Island, from a range of mullids, including five new host species, and its range is extended to include Moreton Bay. Phthinomita symplocos Nolan & Cribb, 2006 is reported from Bali and P. hallae Nolan & Cribb, 2006, P. jonesi Nolan & Cribb, 2006, P. littlewoodi Nolan & Cribb, 2006, and P. munozae Nolan & Cribb, 2006 are each re-reported from their type-host and type-localities. New cox1 mtDNA data were generated for all known species of these two genera from new and archival material. Analyses of these data enabled an evaluation of all known Phthinomita species; P. robertsthomsoni Nolan & Cribb, 2006 is synonymised with P. adlardi Nolan & Cribb, 2006, and P. brooksi Nolan & Cribb, 2006 is synonymised with P. sasali Nolan & Cribb, 2006. We highlight the failure of ITS2 data to delineate closely related aporocotylid species. In contrast, cox1 sequence data are proving reliable and effective in this context and we recommend their incorporation in future studies of blood fluke taxonomy.

     

Genetic diversity of mitochondrial D-LOOP sequences in the spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) from different geographical populations along the northern coast of the South China Sea

The genetic diversity of 289 spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) from seven populations along the northern coast of the South China Sea was studied by analyzing the full-length sequences of the mitochondrial control region (D-LOOP). The S. argus D-LOOP sequence was 1,004–1,010 bp long and contained 156 variant sites. The seven studied S. argus populations had a high degree of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity [Hd] = 0.99135; nucleotide diversity (π) = 0.01313). There was no obvious genetic differentiation among the seven geographical populations and gene exchange was frequent (Fst = −0.01867–0.01117, p > .05). Four distinct mitochondrial lineages were identified in the phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network. The between-lineage Fst was 0.71690–0.84940 (p < .001), but these lineages showed no obvious phylogeographic pattern. Based on D-LOOP mutation rates, we estimated that the four lineages diverged approximately 513,800–93,600 years ago, during the Eocene ice age, at which time falling sea levels may have led to population segregation. We estimated that S. argus population expansion occurred approximately 2.29–0.68 million years ago, during the late Pleistocene. During this period, sea levels rose again, allowing previously separated lineages to come into sympatry, which eventually gave rise to a highly genetically diverse population without pyhlogeographic structure. Here, we characterized the genetic structure and differentiation of seven S. argus populations from the northern coast of the South China Sea. Our results suggested that the seven S. argus populations from the northern coast of the South China Sea have a relatively low level of genetic variation and can be considered a single unit for the purposes of fishery development, utilization, and management.     

Genomic analysis of facultatively oligotrophic haloarchaea of the genera Halarchaeum,Halorubrum, and Halolamina,isolated from solar salt

Archives of Microbiology - Extremely halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) belonging to the phylum Euryarchaeota have been found in high-salinity environments. In this study, Halarchaeum sp. CBA1220,...     

Intragastric Administration of Casein Leads to Nigrostriatal Disease Progressed Accompanied with Persistent Nigrostriatal—Intestinal Inflammation Activited and Intestinal Microbiota—Metabolic Disorders Induced in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Neurochemical Research - Gut microbial dysbiosis and alteration of gut microbiota composition in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been increasingly reported, no recognized therapies are available...     

云杉花墨天牛成虫对四种寄主松树的取食偏好性

【目的】近年来,松材线虫病扩散到我国的中温带地区,云杉花墨天牛Monochamus saltuarius成为该地区松材线虫的新媒介昆虫。由于中温带地区松材线虫危害松树种类较多,本研究对云杉花墨天牛成虫对4种寄主松树的取食偏好性进行测定,为明确云杉花墨天牛成虫补充营养特性,进而为中温带地区松材线虫病和云杉花墨天牛监测与防治工作提供理论依据。【方法】2020年5月云杉花墨天牛羽化前,在辽宁省抚顺市大伙房实验林场采集被云杉花墨天牛侵入的红松Pinus koraiensis疫木,锯成1 m长木段,两端蜡封,置于养虫笼内,每天收集初羽化的云杉花墨天牛成虫。养虫笼内四角分别放置寄主植物红松、油松P. tabulaeformis、樟子松P. sylvestris var. mongolica和长白落叶松Larix olgensis 3年生树苗,将同一天羽化的5对雌雄成虫配对放入养虫笼中央,调察其在不同寄主松树上的日均取食频次和在寄主松树各部位的日均取食量。【结果】云杉花墨天牛成虫主要停留在油松上,日均取食频次为7.05±3.87次/d,其次是红松、长白落叶松上,停留在樟子松上的频次最少,日均取食频次仅有1.02±0.81次/d;各种寄主松树上雌雄成虫间的日均取食频次差异显著。云杉花墨天牛成虫在4种松树上的日均取食量存在显著差异,其中对油松的日均取食量最高,为129.14±50.23 mm²,占取食总量的62.89%;其次是对红松、长白落叶松,对樟子松的日均取食量最低,为9.87±11.02 mm²,仅占取食总量的4.81%。另外,云杉花墨天牛成虫在同种松树植物的不同部位上取食量差异显著,在4种松树上均主要取食嫩枝。【结论】从云杉花墨天牛成虫补充营养期间在不同松树上取食频次和取食量分析,云杉花墨天牛对油松的选择性明显高于其他3种松树。     

荻草谷网蚜唾液蛋白基因Sm13498的克隆及功能分析

【目的】荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi为我国小麦Triticum aestivum主产区麦蚜优势种;Sm13498蛋白是在荻草谷网蚜唾液腺中特异表达的唾液蛋白。本研究旨在探析荻草谷网蚜功能未知的Sm13498在调节植物防御反应中的潜在作用。【方法】基于荻草谷网蚜唾液腺转录组测序数据,PCR克隆Sm13498的cDNA全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析;采用RT-qPCR测定Sm13498在取食小麦叶片不同时间的荻草谷网蚜无翅成蚜中的表达动态;通过酵母分泌系统验证Sm13498蛋白信号肽的分泌功能;利用根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens介导在本氏烟Nicotiana benthamiana中瞬时表达技术鉴定Sm13498蛋白功能及亚细胞定位。【结果】克隆获得了荻草谷网蚜Sm13498 cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号：MW346655),开放阅读框(ORF)全长783 bp,编码260个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量28.01 kD,第1-22位氨基酸为N端信号肽。系统进化树显示,Sm13498与豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum的功能未知蛋白LOC100159087precursor(GenBank登录号: NP_001313548.1)亲缘关系最近(氨基酸序列一致性为71.7%)。RT-qPCR结果表明,Sm13498在荻草谷网蚜无翅成蚜取食小麦叶片12 h时表达水平达到最高。含有Sm13498信号肽片段的酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae YTK12可在YPRAA培养基正常生长,并可将无色2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)还原为不可溶的暗红色的氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTF),证实其信号肽具有分泌活性。经根癌农杆菌介导在本氏烟瞬时表达Sm13498蛋白可抑制Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X protein, BAX)及病原菌激发子INF1诱导的程序性细胞死亡。亚细胞定位结果表明,Sm13498-GFP融合蛋白定位于本氏烟叶片细胞膜。【结论】结果说明荻草谷网蚜唾液蛋白Sm13498可抑制植物防御反应。本研究为发掘荻草谷网蚜唾液中效应子, 深入解析麦蚜对小麦品种强适应性奠定了基础。     

柞蚕微粒子病潜在生物标志物的挖掘

【目的】挖掘柞蚕Antheraea pernyi微粒子病的潜在生物标志物,为开发该病害检测方法及研究柞蚕被微孢子虫Nosema pernyi侵染后体内代谢产物的差异及功能奠定基础。【方法】利用高效液相色谱和高分辨率质谱进行非靶向代谢组学分析,调查健康和患微粒子病柞蚕雌成虫血淋巴中代谢物差异。【结果】正离子模式下从健康和患微粒子病柞蚕雌成虫血淋巴中共获得8 870个代谢物,注释代谢物5 390个,筛选到差异表达代谢物472个(上调260个,下调212个),其中二级鉴定差异表达代谢物12个(上调8个,下调4个);负离子模式下获得6 716个代谢物,注释代谢物3 848个,筛选到差异表达代谢物301个(上调207个,下调94个),其中二级鉴定差异表达代谢物9个(上调8个,下调1个)。正离子模式下二级鉴定的差异表达代谢物包括缬氨酸(valine)、苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)、3-脱羟基肉碱(3-dehydroxycarnitine)、1 甲基鸟嘌呤(1-methylguanine)、2-乙氧基萘(2-ethoxynaphthalene)、N6-乙酰基-L-赖氨酸(N6-acetyl-L-lysine)、生物素(biotin)、桑色素(morin)、噻吗洛尔(timolol)、酰基肉碱15∶0(acylcarnitine 15∶0)、酰基肉碱18∶4(acylcarnitine 18∶4)和异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin);负离子模式下二级鉴定的差异表达代谢物包括二甲基丙二酸(dimethylmalonic acid)、戊二酸(glutaric acid)、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid)、1,3-二乙酰基丙烷(1,3-diacetylpropane)、3-(4-羟基苯基)乳酸(DL-p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid)、泛酸(pantothenate)、荧光素(fluorescein)、飞燕草素-3-O-beta-吡喃葡萄糖苷(delphinidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside)和溶血磷酯酰肌醇16∶1 (lysoPI 16∶1)。【结论】健康与患柞蚕微粒子病的柞蚕雌成虫血淋巴内代谢物具有显著差异,通过代谢组学挖掘出21个二级鉴定的差异表达代谢物,这些代谢物可作为潜在生物标志物用于开发柞蚕微粒子病的检测方法。     

Circ-IGF1R plays a significant role in psoriasis via regulation of a miR-194-5p/CDK1 axis

Cytotechnology - Psoriasis is a skin disorder that is classed as an autoimmune disease. It is characterized by excessive proliferation, abnormal migration and differentiation of keratinocytes, as...