Effector cell expression of NK1.1, a murine natural killer cell-specific molecule, and ability of mice to reject bone marrow allografts

The rejection of Hh-1 incompatible bone marrow cells in irradiated mice is mediated by NK cells and is genetically regulated. We tested the role of the NK-specific gene, NK1.1, in regulating the rejection of allogeneic bone marrow cell grafts. NK1.1+ mice, that are known to display strong resistance against Hh-1 incompatible grafts, were crossed to H-2/Hh-1 identical NK1.1-, poor responder mice, and the progeny were backcrossed to the poor responder parent. The segregating mice were individually typed for their expression of NK1.1 and the ability to resist Hh-1 incompatible bone marrow cells (BMC). A strong correlation was noted between expression of NK1.1 and rejection of H-2d/Hh-1d BMC. Our results support the idea that NK1.1 is one of the genes responsible for strong resistance to Hh-1d (determinant 2) but not for Hh-1j (determinant 3) BMC grafts. We suggest that the NK1.1 molecule functions as an accessory molecule in the cellular interactions involving the recognition of Hh-1 determinants.     

Screening of yeast strains capable of hyperproducing amylolytic enzymes

Summary Fifteen strains of yeast, which produced an extracellular amylolytic enzymes, were isolated from nature. One of them produced more than 100 times the enzyme activity in comparison with the 14 strains and the extremely hyperproducing strain of yeast was identified asCandida sp. 347. Paper chromatograms of the amylolytic enzyme demonstrated activity of amyloglucosidase. The optimum pH for activity of the enzyme was 5.5–6.0 and optimum temperature was 60°C.     

Oral inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1 infects enteric neuron and mucosal nerve fibers within the gastrointestinal tract in mice.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is commonly encountered first during childhood as an oral infection. After this initial infection resolves, the virus remains in a latent form within innervating sensory ganglia for the life of the host. We have previously shown, using a murine model, that HSV-1 placed within the lumen of the esophagus gains access to nerves within the gut wall and establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglia (nodose ganglia) of the tenth cranial nerve (R. M. Gesser, T. Valyi-Nagy, S. M. Altschuler, and N. W. Fraser, J. Gen. Virol. 75:2379-2386, 1994). Peripheral processes of neurons in these ganglia travel through the vagus nerve and function as primary sensory receptors in most of the gastrointestinal tract, relaying information from the gut wall and mucosal surface to secondary neurons within the brain stem. In the work described here, we further examined the spread of HSV-1 through the enteric nervous system after oral inoculation. By immunohistochemistry, HSV-1 was found to infect myenteric ganglia in Auerbach's plexus between the inner and outer muscle layers of the gut wall, submucosal ganglia (Meisner's plexus), and periglandular ganglion plexuses surrounding submucosal glands. Virus-infected nerve fibers were also seen projecting through the mucosal layer to interact directly with surface epithelial cells. These intramucosal nerve fibers may be a conduit by which intraluminal virus is able to gain access to the enteric nervous system from the gastrointestinal lumen.     

神经敏感性的降低是棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯抗药性的重要机制

用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜的染色观察,研究了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigeraHubner 3龄幼虫腹部神经一肌肉的分布,表明其腹纵肌细胞适合于作电生理细胞内记录。用电生理细胞内微电极记录法研究了棉铃虫三个品系：对照品系、功夫菊酯抗性品系(Cy-R,抗性指数13.4)和氰戊菊酯抗性品系(Fn-R,抗性指数37.9)的3龄幼虫神经一肌肉材料对相应杀虫剂的神经敏感性。结果表明：用10^-6mol/L的功夫菊酯处理Cy-R,在30min内有40%的个体对药剂无反应,另外60%的个体产生反应所需的时间是对照品系的3.5倍。用10^-6mol/L的氰戊菊酯处理Fn-R,在30min内有47%的个体对药剂无反应,另外53%的个体产生反应所需的时间是对照品系的4.2倍。这些结果说明神经敏感性降低是棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯抗药性的重要机制。     

可育的抗除草剂溴苯腈转基因小麦

报道了采用微粒轰击（Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｌｅ ｂｏｍ ｂａｒｄｍ ｅｎｔ） 幼胚将除草剂抗性基因导入小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）的转化研究。实验共使用了１３ 个小麦品种, 从开花后１４～１８ ｄ 的籽粒中剥取幼胚, 植物表达质粒含有ＣａＭＶ ３５Ｓ启动子控制的除草剂溴苯腈抗性基因ｂｘｎ 以及筛选标记基因ＮＴＰⅡ。采用高压放电基因枪,用质粒ＤＮＡ 包被的钨粒轰击预培养３ ｄ 的幼胚。在含有卡那霉素类似物ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｉｎ Ｇ４１８ｓｕｌｐｈａｔｅ 的ＭＳ培养基上, 经过多步骤筛选和分化, 从８００ 多个幼胚中获得了１６ 株转化苗。除草剂抗性鉴定和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交分析证明, 其中４ 株为转基因植物,具有溴苯腈抗性, 并且自交可育。转化工作从分离幼胚到转化苗鉴定完毕, 最短时间为６ 个月, 因此, 该方法是一项快速有效的基因导入技术     

蔷薇属38个野生种果实的维生素含量及其与分组的关系

对蔷薇属 (Rosa) 38个野生种果实 (以下简称蔷薇果 )的经济性状进行了分析 ,并测定了 VC、VE 和胡萝卜素等重要维生素的含量。蔷薇果 VC 含量在该属种间差异很大 ,以秦岭蔷薇 (R.tsinglingensis)的含量为最高 (2 576mg/ 1 0 0 g) ,德钦蔷薇 (R.deqenensis)的含量为最低 (49mg/ 1 0 0 g)。胡萝卜素含量种间差异明显 ,以软条七蔷薇 (R.henryi)的含量为最高 (1 9.2 4 mg / 1 0 0 g) ,黄刺玫 (R.xanthina)的含量为最低 (0 .0 6 mg/ 1 0 0 g)。 VE 含量种间差异较小 ,在 1 .34 mg/ 1 0 0 g(黄刺玫 )至 3.86 mg/ 1 0 0 g(硕苞蔷薇R.bracteata)之间。对蔷薇亚属 54种野生种果实重要维生素含量的统计分析表明 ,维生素含量与分组具有一定相关性 ,尤以 VC 含量与分组的相关性最为明显 ,桂味组和小叶组 Vc含量很高 (均值都高于 1 80 0mg/ 1 0 0 g) ;合柱组、月季组、木香组和硕苞组含量很低 (均值都在 30 0 mg/ 1 0 0 g以下 ) ,芹叶组除宽刺蔷薇 (R.platyacantha) VC含量很高外 ,其余种类含量都很低 (均值为 1 90 mg/ 1 0 0 g)。胡萝卜素含量与分组也具有一定相关性 ,桂味组、芹叶组、合柱组和硕苞组的胡萝卜素含量较高 ,均值在 6 mg/ 1 0 0 g以上 ;月季组、小叶组和木香组含量较低 ,均值在 0 .4mg/ 1 0 0 g以下。V     

水稻幼芽细胞生物膜上的赤霉素结合蛋白的结合特性

在水稻 (Oryza sativa)幼芽中存在膜结合的赤霉素结合蛋白 ,其与 GA3 结合的平衡解离常数(Kd)为 6.5× 1 0 -8mol/ L,总浓度为 0 .3 pmol· mg-1 蛋白质。结合蛋白与 GA3 结合活力在 0℃时比 2 5℃时高 1 4 0 %。它与 GA3 结合的最适 p H为 5。 GA3 与此结合蛋白的结合量随反应时间延长而增加 ,1 h达最大值 ,以后又逐渐下降。 IAA、ABA可与 GA3 竞争赤霉素结合蛋白。     

Simultaneous Determination of Dermatan Sulfate and Oversulfated Dermatan Sulfate in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Postcolumn Fluorescence Derivatization

A chemical method for the determination of dermatan sulfate (DS) and oversulfated dermatan sulfate has been developed and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of these polysaccharides in experimental animals. The analytical procedure includes a simple preparation step of administered DS and oversulfated DS from blood plasma, HPLC for the separation and detection of DS and oversulfated DS using an Asahipak NH₂P-50 column, fluorometric reaction of the polysaccharides with guanidine in a strong alkaline medium. DS and oversulfated DS were extracted from plasma by treating it with proteinase to remove plasma proteins and recovered with endogenous plasma glycosaminoglycans by ethanol precipitation. Finally, DS and oversulfated DS were analyzed by fluorometric HPLC. The detection limits of DS and oversulfated DS were 10 and 20 ng, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that artificial oversulfation of DS increased its biological half-life after intravenous administration to rats.     

辽宁三角洲区域生态经济分区及其功能分析

应用主成分分析和系统聚类分析方法,将辽河三角洲划分为３个生态经济区和８个生态经济小区．通过对反映系统功能的３个表现属性的分析,评价了辽河三角洲农业生态经济系统的功能状况．