Polymorphism analysis and supertype definition of swine leukocyte antigen class I molecules in three-way crossbred (Landrace,Duroc, and Yorkshire) pigs: implications for the vaccine development of African swine fever virus

正Dear Editor,Swine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic gene in pigs and is also called swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)(Fan et al., 2018). SLA is divided into three major categories, SLA Ⅰ (SLA-1,-2,-3), SLA Ⅱ, and SLA Ⅲ(Smith et al., 2005). SLA Ⅰ plays an important role in cellular immunity which can eliminate viruses and other foreign     

水稻根系遗传育种研究进展

根系作为水稻(Oryza sativa)植株的重要组成部分, 在水稻生长发育过程中发挥多种作用, 包括植物的固定、水分和营养物质的获取以及氨基酸和激素的生物合成等, 其形态结构和生理功能与水稻产量和稻米品质以及抗性等密切相关。目前, 通过遗传及生化等诸多手段, 已挖掘到较多水稻根系QTLs与控制基因。该文综述了水稻根系QTL和基因的研究进展, 并对未来根系研究进行展望, 以期为进一步克隆水稻根系基因和完善水稻理想株型模型提供参考。     

山羊不同组织器官的内参基因筛选

本研究通过比较9个内参基因在山羊不同组织中的表达水平进而确定最适合研究山羊组织表达的内参基因。本试验以简州大耳羊为试验材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析9个内参基因(GAPDH,PPIA,18S rRNA,PPIB,UXT,RPLP0,ACTB,EIF3K和TBP)在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、大肠、瘤胃、背最长肌和皮下脂肪等组织中的表达差异情况,并利用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper等程序分析了它们的表达稳定性。geNorm和NormFinder程序一致显示TBP表达最稳定,其次是UXT和RPLP0;BestKeeper分析显示18S rRNA表达最为稳定,其次为TBP和ACTB;3个程序一致认为GAPDH表达稳定性最差。综合3个程序分析得出TBP最适合作为山羊组织中的内参基因,其次为UXT和RPLP0,GAPDH表达稳定性最差,不适合作为山羊组织内参,这为后续研究其他目的基因在山羊组织器官中的表达模式提供数据保障。     

Aphid population abundance and pestiferous effect on various bean plant species

The population abundance, infestation, and harmful effects of the aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were studied on four bean plant species, namely the country bean (Lablab purpureus var. BARI Seem 1), the yard‐long bean (Vigna sesquipedalis var. BARI Borboti 1), the hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab var. BARI Seem 6), and the bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. BARI Jar Seem 3). Aphid abundance and infestation on the leaves, inflorescences, flowers, and pods differed significantly among the bean plant species, with P. vulgaris and V. sesquipedalis having the lowest and highest results, respectively. Aphid severity grade and the number of trichomes of the bean plant species were negatively correlated. The duration of the growth stages among the bean plant species were significantly different, with V. sesquipedalis having the shortest durations. Aphid abundance and infestation significantly affected the physical and phytochemical characteristics of the bean plant species. The highest reduction of number of leaves, flower inflorescences, and pod inflorescences per plant, and moisture and chlorophyll content in the leaves was found in L. purpureus. The results for V. sesquipedalis revealed the highest reduction in plant height, seed weight, and pH, while those of D. lablab showed the highest reduction in leaf area.     

The structure and antimicrobial potential of wasp and hornet (Vespidae) mastoparans: A review

Wasp venom is a complex mixture of biologically active components, including high molecular weight proteins, small peptides, bioactive amines, and amino acids. Peptides comprise up to 70% of dried venom. In social wasp venoms, three of the major peptide types are mastoparans, which cause mast cell degranulation, chemotactic peptides, which promote chemotaxis of polymorphonucleated leukocytes, and kinin‐related peptides, which are known to produce pain and increase vascular permeability. Among these, the bioactive tridecapeptide mastoparan is the most common and may even have antimicrobial activity. Herein we summarize the results of studies on vespid mastoparans, focusing on hornets (Vespa spp.) identified following a systematic literature search for mastoparans of hornets in the genus Vespa, the most active mastoparan research taxon. The common features of hornet mastoparans are C‐terminal amidation, amphipathic helical structure, and multiple functions such as mast cell degranulation and hemolysis, as well as membrane permeabilization. Most interestingly, all tested hornet mastoparans have strong antimicrobial activities, suggesting that they can provide useful insights into and opportunities for development of novel antibacterial peptides.     

Root-tip cutting and uniconazole treatment improve the colonization rate of Tuber indicum on Pinus armandii seedlings in the greenhouse

The Chinese black truffle Tuber indicum is commercially valuable. The main factors influencing the success or failure of a truffle crop include the mycorrhizal colonization rate and host plant quality. The effects of a plant growth regulator (uniconazole) and plant growth management technique (root-tip cutting) on T. indicum colonization rate and Pinus armandii seedling growth were assessed under greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that 10 mg l⁻¹ uniconazole or the combination of 5 mg l⁻¹ uniconazole and root-tip cutting constitutes an effective method for ectomycorrhizal synthesis based on an overall evaluation of colonization rate, plant biomass, plant height, root weight, stem circumference and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and POD) of P. armandii. The abundance of Proteobacteria in the rhizosphere of colonized seedlings might serve as an indicator of stable mycorrhizal colonization. This research inspires the potential application of uniconazole and root-tip cutting treatments for mycorrhizal synthesis and truffle cultivation.