7个大穗型小麦-黑麦代换系间杂交后代的形态学与SSR分析

对从小麦-黑麦代换系5R/5A与1R/1D杂交后代中选育的大穗型品系1-5、1-6、1-7、1-8、1-9、1-10、1-11进行形态学与SSR分析。结果表明,7个品系田间表现遗传性稳定,且具有黑麦大穗、抗病等优良性状;利用黑麦特异引物PSC119.1确定7个品系均导入了黑麦染色体片段,引物SCM138扩增结果表明,在1-6、1-7、1-8、1-9、1-10中导入了黑麦染色体5RS片段,引物SCM120、TSM604可以在7个品系中稳定扩增出黑麦5R长臂和1R短臂特异片段。以上结果可为小麦遗传育种与品质改良提供基础材料。     

模型实验教学在组织学与胚胎学实验教学中的尝试

组织学与胚胎学是重要的医学基础课,属于形态学科。目前,组织学与胚胎学实验教学多采用数码互动实验教学,切片观察为主要手段,而切片观察主要是观察组织的平面结构,欠缺立体结构的观察。模型实验教学是以组织学与胚胎学的形态为中心组织学生制作立体模型,启发学生思维,充分发挥想象力,培养学生的动手能力和实践能力。     

一类人禽间传染病模型的动力学分析

讨论了一类人禽传染病模型,其中禽类被病毒感染后人们采取措施治疗病禽．治疗有助于禽类的存活,但人们可能通过接触病禽而被感染．禽间的疾病传播服从饱和接触率函数,人与禽的接触服从线性接触率．完成了稳定性和持久性研究,且进行了数值模拟以评估治疗的效果和风险．     

Raf激酶抑制蛋白的研究进展

Raf激酶抑制蛋白(RKIP)是磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白家族的成员。RKIP通过与Raf-1结合,抑制了Ras/Raf-1/MEK/ERK信号转导通路,并在NF-κB及G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)信号转导通路中也起重要调节作用。RKIP参与细胞凋亡、肿瘤转移、神经发育以及精子发生等病理生理过程,通过研究RKIP能为治疗相关疾病提供新思路新靶点。本文主要介绍RKIP的生物功能,着重于其在神经系统、肿瘤和生殖系统中的研究进展。     

特有植物多样性分布格局测度方法的新进展

特有植物是生物多样性保护的重要对象,对其分布格局的研究可以为生物多样性优先保护区的确定提供重要参考.研究人员利用多种测度和分析方法,在不同地理区域对特有现象的分布格局开展了大量研究.随着分子系统学方法的不断完善及一些空间统计分析方法的引入,新的生物多样性测度方法应运而生.本文介绍了生物多样性测度方法的类型及其特点、应用现状与前景.这些测度方法的发展经历了从单一的时间或空间格局到时空格局统一的过程,具体涉及物种丰富度、谱系多样性、进化特异性以及这3种测度方法整合空间分布加权的算法.其中,谱系多样性指数(phylogenetic diversity)、谱系特有性指数(phylogenetic endemism)以及空间加权的进化特异性指数(biogeographically weighted evolutionary distinctiveness)尤其值得关注.中国特有植物分布格局的研究需要在以下4个方面进一步开展工作:(1)完善特有物种的分布格局研究;(2)加强物种的测序工作,完善谱系多样性格局的分析;(3)结合系统发育信息,揭示谱系多样性及进化历史的分布格局,进而深入开展物种p多样性和谱系p多样性的研究;(4)加强物种分布区变化的模拟,在时间维度上探讨特有现象的变化格局,为生物多样性保护提供更完善的理论支持.     

Nematicidal activity of Lysobacter capsici YS1215 and the role of gelatinolytic proteins against root-knot nematodes

Lysobacter capsici YS1215 is a soil-borne strain that could inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, including Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum, as well as root-knot nematodes. The effect of different concentrations of bacterial culture filtrate (BCF) of L. capsici YS1215 on the mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita was studied using 24-well plates. The J2 mortality increased with increasing concentrations of BCF. YS1215 also produces gelatinases in the culture filtrate. To study its role in nematicidal activities, the partial purification and the characterisation of gelatinolytic proteins were done from the culture medium of the YS1215. The partially purified proteins showed three clear bands with molecular weights estimated using zymography to be 255.7, 232.1 and 146.4 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature for the proteins were 8.0 and 40°C, respectively. The activity of the proteins was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, FeCl₃ and 1,10-phenanthroline, whereas it was activated by MnCl₂. The proteins may belong to the group of metalloproteases. Moreover, the proteins could hydrolyse skimmed milk, collagen, gelatin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as substrates, but not casein. The proteins could induce 75% J2 mortality in five days and degrade the J2 bodies. The present study demonstrates the role of the gelatinolytic proteins in the nematicidal potential of L. capsici YS1215.     

Algicidal activity against Skeletonema costatum by marine bacteria isolated from a high frequency harmful algal blooms area in southern Chinese coast

Four marine bacterial strains P1, P5, N5 and N21 were isolated from the surface water and sediment of Mirs Bay in southern Chinese coast using the liquid infection method with 48-well plates. These bacteria were all shown to have algicidal activities against Skeletonema costatum. Based on morphological observations, biochemical tests and homology comparisons by 16S rDNA sequences, the isolated strains P1, P5, N5 and N21 were identified as Halobacillus sp., Muricauda sp., Kangiella sp. and Roseivirga sp., respectively. Our results showed that bacterial strain P1 killed S. costatum by release of heat labile algicide, while strains P5, N5 and N21 killed them directly. The algicidal processes of four bacterial strains were different. Strains P1, N5 and N21 disrupted the chain structure and S. costatum appeared as single cells, in which the cellular components were aggregated and the individual cells were inflated and finally lysed, while strain P5 decomposed the algal chains directly. We also showed that the algicidal activities of the bacterial strains were concentration-dependent. More specifically, 10?% (v/v) of bacteria in algae showed the strongest algicidal activities, as all S. costatum cells were killed by strains N5 and N21 within 72?h and by strains P1 and P5 within 96?h. 5?% of bacteria in algae also showed significant algicidal activities, as all S. costatum were killed by strains N5, P5 and N21 within 72, 96 and 120?h, respectively, whereas at this concentration, only 73.4?% of S. costatum cells exposed to strain P1 were killed within 120?h. At the concentration of 1?% bacteria in algae, the number of S. costatum cells continued to increase and the growth rate of algae upon exposure to strain N5 was significantly inhibited.     

Overwintering of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) within target and non-target host eggs

Trichogramma ostriniae was imported into the USA from China and it continues to be evaluated as a biological control agent against the European corn borer and other lepidopteran pest species. A natural enemy's ability to overwinter is a facet of its biology with important ramifications for biological control and non-target effects. Thus, studies were conducted to examine the ability of the introduced egg parasitoid to survive over winters in central New York State. Eggs of Ostrinia nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Trichoplusia ni, Helicoverpa zea and Utetheisa ornatrix were subjected to parasitism by adult T. ostriniae and then placed out of doors and exposed to winter conditions. For trials initiated in 2003 and 2004, the adult parental wasps were exposed to a diapause-inducing photoperiod and temperature regime in the laboratory; in 2010, parental wasps were conditioned out of doors and prior to the onset of winter conditions. Emergence of their progeny was monitored over time by taking aliquots of parasitised eggs, and holding them under warm conditions until emergence was complete. The level of wasp emergence generally displayed a decline followed by gradual increase until spring. Levels of overwintering ranged from 1% for O. nubilalis to 76% for E. kuehniella, and logistic regression indicated that the odds of overwintering was dependent on the year, host species, time out of doors and varied over exposure time depending on host. The potential to overwinter in New York was further confirmed by positive identification of T. ostriniae from naturally occurring O. nubilalis eggs collected from field sites where augmentative releases had been made in previous years.