C-cell follicles of canine thyroid glands studied by PAS reaction and electron microscopy

Summary Small follicles composed solely of C cells were occasionally observed in large C cell groups of dog thyroid glands. The lumina of C-cell follicles were filled with, or contained peripheral depositions of PAS-positive amorphous material, which was similar in ultrastructural features to thyroglobulin-containing colloid in typical thyroid follicles. This indicates that C cells, in addition to secreting calcitonin, produce a glycoprotein that can be stored in the lumina of the follicles.     

α-Guanidinoglutaric Acid in Cobalt-Induced Epileptogenic Cerebral Cortex of Cats

: Guanidino compounds in the cobalt-induced epileptogenic cerebral cortex of cats were fluorometrically analysed by a JASCO G-520 guanidino compounds analyser, and an unknown high peak was observed in the chromatogram that was identical to the peak of authentic α-guanidinoglutaric acid. In another experiment, the substance was extracted from the cobalt focus tissue, converted into dimethylpyrimidyl derivative-butylester, and analysed by a GC/MS technique. The mass spectrum of the substance was identical to the dimethylpyrimidyl derivative of α-guanidinoglutaric acid butylester (M⁺= 365).     

Early development of the cerebral vesicles in man.

Two human embryos which were immediately before and soon after the appearance of the cerebral vesicle were cut into complete serial sections in almost the same direction and studied comparatively. The findings on these two sets of serial sections indicate that the rostral continuations of subthalamus and ventral thalamus along the ventral thalamic sulcus continuing from the sulcus limitans of the midbrain are destined to give rise to the formation of the cerebral vesicle. The rostral continuation of the subthalamus becomes the floor of the interventricular foramen, and that of the ventral thalamus the pallium. The rostral end of the continuation of the subthalamic matrix is not only the site of the beginning of evagination of the cerebral vesicle, but also the site of elevation of the ganglionic hill or striatum. As the evagination of the cerebral vesicle proceeds exceedingly dorsocaudolaterally from the rostral end of the continuation of the ventral thalamus, the elevation of the striatum occurs also in the same direction, getting in touch with the folding of the hemispheric stalk of Kuhlenbeck to enclose the interventricular foramen. Tt is noticed that, at the beginning of evagination, the grade of depression of the nasal pit was always parallel with that of evagniation of the cerebral vesicle.     

A crystallographic investigation on NADPH-adrenodoxin oxidoreductase

Single crystals of NADPH-adrenodoxin oxidoreductase were grown in 50 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.4) containing 5% glycerol and ammonium sulfate. The crystals are monoclinic, belong to space group P21 and have dimensions of a= 83.4 A, b = 62.6 A, c = 59.3 A, alpha = gamma = 90 degrees, and beta = 107.1 degrees. There is one molecule per asymmetric unit.     

Rates of Shrinkage and Growth of Air Bubbles Entrained in Wheat Flour Dough

The rates of shrinkage at constant temperature, and growth under a temperature rise below 100°C, of bubbles entrained in wheat flour dough were analyzed and compared with those of a bubble in water. The rate of shrinkage of bubbles in flour dough was controlled by the diffusion of dissolved air from the surface of bubbles to the bulk of flour dough. The apparent diffusion coefficient of the dissolved air in wheat flour dough with the water fraction of 0.49 calculated from the shrinkage of bubbles, was (3.2 ± 1.5) × 10^1?1 m²/sec (19°C), and (6.4 ± 2.0) × 10^?11 m²/sec (42°C). However, the growth behavior of bubbles in flour dough under a temperature rise was very different from that predicted from the diffusion theory. The critical radius of bubbles to grow was larger than that estimated from the diffusion theory. The mechanism of growth of bubbles in wheat flour dough, which was different from that of a bubble in water, is a subject that needs to be clarified.     

7-O-Galloyl-(+)-catechin and 3-O-galloylprocyanidin B-3 from Sanguisorba officinalis

7-O-Galloyl-(+)-catechin and 3-O-galloylprocyanidin B-3, along with gambiriins A-1 and B-3 and four polygalloylglucoses, have been isolated fro     

Sampling Strategies in Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring: Evaluating How Precision and Sensitivity Vary with the Number of Animals Sampled per Farm

Because antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals is a major public health concern, many countries have implemented antimicrobial monitoring systems at a national level. When designing a sampling scheme for antimicrobial resistance monitoring, it is necessary to consider both cost effectiveness and statistical plausibility. In this study, we examined how sampling scheme precision and sensitivity can vary with the number of animals sampled from each farm, while keeping the overall sample size constant to avoid additional sampling costs. Five sampling strategies were investigated. These employed 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 animal samples per farm, with a total of 12 animals sampled in each strategy. A total of 1,500 Escherichia coli isolates from 300 fattening pigs on 30 farms were tested for resistance against 12 antimicrobials. The performance of each sampling strategy was evaluated by bootstrap resampling from the observational data. In the bootstrapping procedure, farms, animals, and isolates were selected randomly with replacement, and a total of 10,000 replications were conducted. For each antimicrobial, we observed that the standard deviation and 2.5–97.5 percentile interval of resistance prevalence were smallest in the sampling strategy that employed 1 animal per farm. The proportion of bootstrap samples that included at least 1 isolate with resistance was also evaluated as an indicator of the sensitivity of the sampling strategy to previously unidentified antimicrobial resistance. The proportion was greatest with 1 sample per farm and decreased with larger samples per farm. We concluded that when the total number of samples is pre-specified, the most precise and sensitive sampling strategy involves collecting 1 sample per farm.     

Immunocytochemical localization of cathepsin B in degenerating rat skeletal muscle induced by a local anesthetic, bupivacaine

Experimental acute degenerative changes in skeletal muscle accompanied by a drastic increase in cathepsins B&L were induced in rats by intramuscular injection of a local anesthetic, bupivacaine. Cathepsins B&L have been implicated in the rapid disappearance of muscle fibers. Degenerating muscle showed a spotty fluorescence when stained with antibodies against cathepsin B, indicating that the increased cathepsin B did not originate from the muscle itself, but from invading phagocytes. We report here results showing that cathepsin B of nonmuscle cell origin is involved in the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins in acute bupivacaine-induced muscle degeneration.