提高榨菜离体培养植株再生频率

采用榨菜“浙桐1号”品种为材料,以MS为基本培养基,通过对不同植物生长调节剂的组合和不同外植体等主要因素的筛选,大幅度提高了榨菜离体培养植株再生频率。结果表明,2mg／L6．BA 0．2mg／L2,4-D的组合较为适宜,其不定芽再生频率可达50％,且外植体以下胚轴为好：而CPPU和2,4-D的适宜组合为1．5mg／L 0．2mg／L,其不定芽再生频率高达66．67％,最适外植体为带柄子叶。同时,研究结果显示,添加0．25～1mg／L的GA,对榨菜已分化的不定芽的伸长有抑制作用;子叶柄和下胚轴外植体的分化具有极性现象。     

Biochemical properties of a high fidelity DNA ligase from Thermus species AK16D.

NAD+-dependent DNA ligases from thermophilic bacteria Thermus species are highly homologous with amino acid sequence identities ranging from 85 to 98%. Thermus species AK16D ligase, the most divergent of the seven Thermus isolates collected worldwide, was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. This Thermus ligase is similar to Thermus thermophilus HB8 ligase with respect to pH, salt, NAD+, divalent cation profiles and steady-state kinetics.However, the former is more discriminative toward T/G mismatches at the 3'-side of the ligation junction, as judged by the ratios of initial ligation rates of matched and mismatched substrates. The two wild-type Thermus ligases and a Tth ligase mutant (K294R) demonstrate 1-2 orders of magnitude higher fidelity than viral T4 DNA ligase. Both Thermus ligases are active with either the metal cofactor Mg2+, Mn2+or Ca2+but not with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+or Zn2+. While the nick closure step with Ca2+becomes rate-limiting which results in the accumulation of DNA-adenylate intermediate, Ni2+only supports intermediate formation to a limited extent. Both Thermus ligases exhibit enhanced mismatch ligation when Mn2+is substituted for Mg2+, but the Tsp. AK16D ligase remains more specific toward perfectly matched substrate.     

General Information

A novel cDNA clone encoding a COR413-like gene was isolated by suppression subtraction hybridization and cDNA library screening from sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense). This gene (designated as GbCOR413, Accession number: AY761065) has a total length of 893 bp with an open reading frame of 600 bp, encoding a predicated polypeptide of 200 amino acids with a molecular weight of 22.74 kDa and a predicated pI of 9.2. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that this gene belonged to a novel stress-regulated multi-spanning transmembrane protein family without signal peptide. By means of semi-quantities RT-PCR analysis, the expression of GbCOR413 under short-term cold treatment at 4°C, water submergence and abscic acid treatment was investigated. Our studies suggested that the cloned gene was a new member of COR gene family which was slowly responsive to cold stress in cotton. Jin Wang and Kai-Jing Zuo are co-first authors of this paper.     

Loss of viability during freeze–thaw of intact and adherent human embryonic stem cells with conventional slow-cooling protocols is predominantly due to␣apoptosis rather than cellular necrosis

Summary A major challenge in the widespread application of human embryonic stem (hES) cells in clinical therapy and basic scientific research is the development of efficient cryopreservation protocols. Conventional slow-cooling protocols utilizing standard cryoprotectant concentrations i.e. 10% (v/v) DMSO, yield extremely low survival rates of <5% as reported by previous studies. This study characterized cell death within frozen–thawed hES colonies that were cryopreserved under standard conditions. Surprisingly, our results showed that immediately after post-thaw washing, the overwhelming majority of hES cells were viable (≈98%), as assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test. However, when the freshly-thawed hES colonies were incubated within a 37 °C incubator, there was observed to be a gradual reduction in cell viability over time. The kinetics of cell death was drastically slowed-down by keeping the freshly-thawed hES colonies at 4 °C, with >90% of cells remaining viable after 90 min of incubation at 4 °C. This effect was reversible upon re-exposing the cells to physiological temperature. The vast majority of low temperature-exposed hES colonies gradually underwent cell death upon incubation for a further 90 min at 37 °C. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) assay confirmed apoptosis-induced nuclear DNA fragmentation in frozen–thawed hES cells after incubation at 37 °C for 90 min. Expression of active caspase-3 enzyme, which is another prominent marker of apoptosis, was confirmed by immunocytochemical staining, while transmission electron microscopy showed typical ultrastructural features of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and margination to the nuclear membrane. Hence, our results demonstrated that apoptosis instead of cellular necrosis, is the major mechanism of the loss of viability of cryopreserved hES cells during freeze–thawing with conventional slow-cooling protocols.     

MiR-467a-5p aggravates myocardial infarction by modulating ZEB1 expression in mice

Journal of Molecular Histology - Myocardial infarction (MI) is a great threat to patients all over the word. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs and can regulate initiation and...     

杂交试验中的最佳样本含量

杂交试验是一项费时费钱的工作,因此在进行试验之前如能进行严密的设计,给出试验所需的样本大小是十分必要的,统计学中常见的估计样本容理的公式不宜应用于杂交试验,本文分两种情况给出了杂交试验中样本容量的估计公式,据此估计出的样本容量安排杂交试验,可在满足试验者要求的条件下,使试验的总成本最低或使试畜的总头数最少。     

Activation of human bronchial epithelial cells by inflammatory cytokines IL‐27 and TNF‐α: Implications for immunopathophysiology of airway inflammation

Interleukin (IL)‐27 is a member of IL‐6/IL‐12 family cytokines produced by antigen‐presenting cells in immune responses. IL‐27 can drive the commitment of naive T cells to a T helper type 1 (Th1) phenotype and inhibit inflammation in later phases of infection. Human bronchial epithelial cells have been shown to express IL‐27 receptor complex. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of IL‐27, alone or in combination with inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α on the pro‐inflammatory activation of human primary bronchial epithelial cells and the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms. IL‐27 was found to enhance intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) expression on the surface of human bronchial epithelial cells, and a synergistic effect was observed in the combined treatment of IL‐27 and TNF‐α on the expression of ICAM‐1. Although IL‐27 did not alter the basal IL‐6 secretion from bronchial epithelial cells, it could significantly augment TNF‐α‐induced IL‐6 release. These synergistic effects on the up‐regulation of ICAM‐1 and IL‐6 were partially due to the elevated expression of TNF‐α receptor (p55TNFR) induced by IL‐27. Further investigations showed that the elevation of ICAM‐1 and IL‐6 in human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by IL‐27 and TNF‐α was differentially regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3‐OH kinase (PI3K)‐Akt, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor‐κB pathways. Our results therefore provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in airway inflammation. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:788–797, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Independence of stem and leaf hydraulic traits in six Euphorbiaceae tree species with contrasting leaf phenology

Hydraulic traits and hydraulic-related structural properties were examined in three deciduous (Hevea brasiliensis, Macaranga denticulate, and Bischofia javanica) and three evergreen (Drypetes indica, Aleurites moluccana, and Codiaeum variegatum) Euphorbiaceae tree species from a seasonally tropical forest in south-western China. Xylem water potential at 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity (P50_stem) was more negative in the evergreen tree, but leaf water potential at 50% loss of leaf hydraulic conductivity (P50_leaf) did not function as P50_stem did. Furthermore, P50_stem was more negative than P50_leaf in the evergreen tree; contrarily, this pattern was not observed in the deciduous tree. Leaf hydraulic conductivity overlapped considerably, but stem hydraulic conductivity diverged between the evergreen and deciduous tree. Correspondingly, structural properties of leaves overlapped substantially; however, structural properties of stem diverged markedly. Consequently, leaf and stem hydraulic traits were closely correlated with leaf and stem structural properties, respectively. Additionally, stem hydraulic efficiency was significantly correlated with stem hydraulic resistance to embolism; nevertheless, such a hydraulic pattern was not found in leaf hydraulics. Thus, these results suggest: (1) that the evergreen and deciduous tree mainly diverge in stem hydraulics, but not in leaf hydraulics, (2) that regardless of leaf or stem, their hydraulic traits result primarily from structural properties, and not from leaf phenology, (3) that leaves are more vulnerable to drought-induced embolism than stem in the evergreen tree, but not always in the deciduous tree and (4) that there exists a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety for stem hydraulics, but not for leaf hydraulics.     

The significance of CD14+ monocytes in peripheral blood stem cells for the treatment of rat liver cirrhosis

Background aimsCirculating monocytes have been exploited as an important progenitor cell resource for hepatocytes in vitro and are instrumental in the removal of fibrosis. We investigated the significance of monocytes in peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.MethodsRat CD14⁺ monocytes in PBSC were mobilized with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and harvested by magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Female rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver cirrhosis were injected CM-DiI-labeled monocytes, CD14^? cells (1 × 10⁷ cells/rat) or saline via the portal vein.ResultsRat CD14⁺ and CD11b⁺ monocytes in PBSC were partly positive for CD34, CD45, CD44, Oct3/4 and Sox2, suggesting monocytes with progenitor capacity. Compared with CD14^? cell-infused and saline-injected rats, rats undergoing monocyte transplantation showed a gradually increased serum albumin level and decreased portal vein pressure, resulting in a significantly improved survival rate. Meanwhile, monocyte transplantation apparently attenuated liver fibrosis by analysis for fibronectin, α2-(1)-procollagen, α-smooth muscle aorta (SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Transplanted monocytes mainly clustered in periportal areas of liver, in which 1.8% cells expressed hepatocyte marker albumin and CK18. The expression level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), TGF-α, extracellular matrix (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased, while monocyte transplantation enhanced hepatocyte proliferation. On the other hand, the activities and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) increased while tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 expression significantly reduced in monocyte-transplanted livers. Some transplanted monocytes expressed MMP-9 and -13.ConclusionsThe data suggest that CD14⁺ monocytes in PBSC contribute to hepatocyte regeneration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in rat liver cirrhosis much more than CD14^? cells, and might offer a therapeutic alternative for patients with liver cirrhosis.     

The Composition of Microbiome in Larynx and the Throat Biodiversity between Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients and Control Population

The throat is an ecological assemblage involved human cells and microbiota, and the colonizing bacteria are important factors in balancing this environment. However, this bacterial community profile has thus been poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial biology of the larynx and to analyze the throat biodiversity in laryngeal carcinoma patients compared to a control population in a case-control study. Barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was used. We collected tissue samples from 29 patients with laryngeal carcinoma and 31 control patients with vocal cord polyps. The findings of high-quality sequence datasets revealed 218 genera from 13 phyla in the laryngeal mucosa. The predominant communities of phyla in the larynx were Firmicutes (54%), Fusobacteria (17%), Bacteroidetes (15%), Proteobacteria (11%), and Actinobacteria (3%). The leading genera were Streptococcus (36%), Fusobacterium (15%), Prevotella (12%), Neisseria (6%), and Gemella (4%). The throat bacterial compositions were highly different between laryngeal carcinoma subjects and control population (p = 0.006). The abundance of the 26 genera was significantly different between the laryngeal cancer and control groups by metastats analysis (p<0.05). Fifteen genera may be associated with laryngeal carcinoma by partial least squares discriminant analysis (p<0.001). In summary, this study revealed the microbiota profiles in laryngeal mucosa from tissue specimens. The compositions of bacteria community in throat were different between laryngeal cancer patients and controls, and probably were related with this carcinoma. The disruption of this bio-ecological niche might be a risk factor for laryngeal carcinoma.