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51.
Xie Y Chen R Zhang X Yu Y Yang Y Zou Y Ge J Chen H Garzino-Demo A 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》2012,64(3):343-351
The Th17/interleukin (IL)-17 axis controls inflammation and might be important in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) and other autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism underlying the increased Th17 cell response in coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms affected by blocking IL-17A responses in acute virus-induced myocarditis (AVMC) mice. The results showed that IL-17A and COX-2 proteins were significantly increased in the cardiac tissue of acute myocarditis, as were Th17 cells in the spleen. Using anti-mouse IL-17Ab to block IL-17A on day 7 of the viral myocarditis led to decreased expressions of cardiac tumor-necrosis factor alpha, IL-17A and transforming growth factor beta in AVMC mice compared to isotype control mice. COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 proteins were dramatically elevated, followed by marked reductions in CVB3 replication and myocardial injury. These results hint that the Th17/IL-17 axis is intimately associated with viral replication in acute myocarditis via induction of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2. 相似文献
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Jun Li Yunfang Wei Lei Yan Rui Wang Ying Zhang Yingzhen Su Zhaoyu Yang Min Hu Rui Qi Hongbo Tan Qiong Wu Xudong Yin Xinghua Pan 《Cytotechnology》2016,68(6):2677-2686
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Guang Qi Ruibo Hu Li Yu Guohua Chai Yingping Cao Ran Zuo Yingzhen Kong Gongke Zhou 《Journal of plant physiology》2013
Root hairs are tip-growing long tubular outgrowths of specialized epidermal cells, and are important for nutrient and water uptake and interaction with the soil microflora. Here we characterized two poplar cellulose synthase-like D (CSLD) genes, PdCSLD5 and PdCSLD6, the most probable orthologs to the Arabidopsis AtCSLD3/KOJAK gene. Both PdCSLD5 and PdCSLD6 are strongly expressed in roots, including in the root hairs. Subcellular localization experiments showed that these two proteins are located not only in the polarized plasma membrane of root hair tips, but also in Golgi apparatus of the root hair and non-hair-forming cells. Overexpression of these two poplar genes in the atcsld3 mutant was able to rescue most of the defects caused by disruption of AtCSLD3, including root hair morphological changes, altered cell wall monosaccharide composition, increased non-crystalline β-1,4-glucan and decreased crystalline cellulose contents. Taken together, our results provide evidence indicating that PdCSLD5 and PdCSLD6 are functionally conserved with AtCSLD3 and support a role for PdCSLD5 and PdCSL6 specifically in crystalline cellulose production in poplar root hair tips. The results presented here also suggest that at least part of the mechanism of root hair formation is conserved between herbaceous and woody plants. 相似文献
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We generated 12 different mutations in the grape Gibberellin Insensitive1 (VvGAI1) sequences, transformed them into Arabidopsis under the control of 35S, Arabidopsis GAI or grape GAI1 promoter, and evaluated the impact of these mutant alleles on plant growth and development. These VvGAI1 sequence variants included some mimics of the known GAI-like mutant alleles discovered in grape, wheat, barley, corn, Brassica, and Arabidopsis. In general, plant height and related traits such as length of internodes and inflorescences were significantly reduced for most of the mutant alleles studied, regardless of which promoter was used. Interestingly, the numbers of rosette leaves and lateral branches were generally reduced when a 35S promoter was used to express the mutant alleles, but increased when an Arabidopsis or grape GAI promoter was used. Furthermore, the 35S plants often displayed curly and small leaves. In contrast, the leaves of the plants carrying mutant alleles controlled by a GAI promoter were of variable size, dark green and rarely curly. In addition, when certain VvGAI1 mutant alleles were under the control of the grape GAI1 promoter, the number of pods on inflorescences was significantly increased, but some of the pods produced few seeds due to partial sterility. On the basis of the systematic evaluation of various VvGAI1 mutant alleles in Arabidopsis, we concluded that the VvGAI1 mutant alleles mimicking the GAI or GAI-like mutant variants discovered in wheat, barley and Brassica could potentially be useful for the improvement of grapevine plant architecture. 相似文献
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Antiviral effects of sophoridine against coxsackievirus B3 and its pharmacokinetics in rats 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a major pathogen for acute and chronic viral myocarditis. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral effects of sophoridine, an alkaloid extracted from Chinese medicinal herb, Sophora flavescens, against CVB3, and the underlying pharmacokinetics. First, we determined the antiviral effects of sophoridine against CVB3 in in vitro (primarily cultured myocardial cells), in vivo (BALB/c mice) and serum pharmacological experiments. Then, we determined the pharmacokinetic behavior in serum samples of SD rats after oral administration by HPLC. Finally, we determined the effects of sophoridine on the production of cytokines in a murine viral myocarditis model by measuring mRNA expression of some important cytokines in hearts of infected BALB/c mice by RT-PCR. We found that sophoridine exhibited obvious antiviral effects both in vitro and in vivo, and serum samples obtained from rats with oral administration of sophoridine reduced the virus titers in infected myocardial cells. The serum concentration profile correlated closely with antiviral activity profile. Moreover, sophoridine significantly enhanced mRNA expression of IL-10 and IFN-gamma, but decreased TNF-alpha mRNA expression. In conclusion, sophoridine possesses antiviral activities against CVB3, by regulating cytokine expression, and it is likely that sophoridine itself, not its metabolites, is mainly responsible for the antiviral activities. Therefore, sophoridine may represent a potential therapeutic agent for viral myocarditis. 相似文献
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Yingping Cao Junling Li Li Yu Guohua Chai Guo He Ruibo Hu Guang Qi Yingzhen Kong Chunxiang Fu Gongke Zhou 《Plant cell reports》2014,33(4):643-653
Key message
Cell wall polysaccharides’ occurrences in two internodes of different development stages in M. lutarioriparius stem were analyzed and three major differences between them were identified by cell wall polysaccharide probes.Abstract
Deposition and modification of cell wall polysaccharides during stem development affect biomass yield of the Miscanthus energy crop. The distribution patterns of cell wall polysaccharides in the 2nd and the 11th internodes of M. lutarioriparius stem were studied using in situ immunofluorescence assay. Crystalline cellulose and xylan were present in most of the stem tissues except phloem, where xyloglucan was the major composition of hemicellulose. The distribution of pectin polysaccharides varied in stem tissues, particularly in vascular bundle elements. Xylogalacturonan, feruloylated-1,4-β-d-galactan and (1,3)(1,4)-β-glucans, however, were insufficient for antibodies binding in both internodes. Furthermore, the distribution of cell wall polysaccharides was differentiated in the two internodes of M. lutarioriparius. The significant differences in the pattern of occurrence of long 1,5-α-l-arabinan chain, homogalacturonan and fucosylated xyloglucans epitope were detected between the two internodes. In addition, the relationships between probable functions of polysaccharides and their distribution patterns in M. lutarioriparius stem cell wall were discussed, which would be helpful to understand the growth characteristics of Miscanthus and identify potential targets for either modification or degradation. 相似文献60.