全文获取类型
收费全文 | 35597篇 |
免费 | 3275篇 |
国内免费 | 5204篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 121篇 |
2023年 | 505篇 |
2022年 | 1173篇 |
2021年 | 1882篇 |
2020年 | 1365篇 |
2019年 | 1746篇 |
2018年 | 1589篇 |
2017年 | 1230篇 |
2016年 | 1663篇 |
2015年 | 2420篇 |
2014年 | 2912篇 |
2013年 | 3010篇 |
2012年 | 3630篇 |
2011年 | 3290篇 |
2010年 | 2111篇 |
2009年 | 1876篇 |
2008年 | 2103篇 |
2007年 | 1892篇 |
2006年 | 1652篇 |
2005年 | 1351篇 |
2004年 | 1110篇 |
2003年 | 1038篇 |
2002年 | 872篇 |
2001年 | 547篇 |
2000年 | 474篇 |
1999年 | 435篇 |
1998年 | 283篇 |
1997年 | 260篇 |
1996年 | 231篇 |
1995年 | 183篇 |
1994年 | 178篇 |
1993年 | 124篇 |
1992年 | 132篇 |
1991年 | 104篇 |
1990年 | 78篇 |
1989年 | 76篇 |
1988年 | 61篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 60篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 29篇 |
1982年 | 29篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
Yunfeng Zha Jiexiong Xie Ye Chen Chunya Wei Wanjun Zhu Jidang Chen Haitao Qi Liangquan Zhang Long Sun Xiaozhan Zhang Pei Zhou Zhenpeng Cao Wenbao Qi Minze Zhang Zhen Huang Guihong Zhang 《Indian journal of microbiology》2013,53(4):496-498
The primary objective of this 3 years study was to determine the prevalence of porcine pathogens of the lungs of swine in swine farms in southern China. A total of 5,420 samples were collected from 200 swine farms. The bacterium that was most commonly isolated was Streptococcus suis, with 10.24 % of the samples being positive, 114 lungs (2.1 %) were positive for pseudorabies virus and 263 (4.85 %) were positive for classical swine fever virus; much lower than positive for PRRSV (15.1 %, p = 0.023) and PCV2 (13.8 %, p = 0.038). lungs that were positive for PRRSV and/or PCV-2 have significantly increased odds of being positive for any of the S. suis (9.79 vs. 0.44 %, p = 0.003). 相似文献
952.
953.
Hyun Seok Kim Saurabh Mendiratta Jiyeon Kim Chad Victor Pecot Jill E. Larsen Iryna Zubovych Bo Yeun Seo Jimi Kim Banu Eskiocak Hannah Chung Elizabeth McMillan Sherry Wu Jef De Brabander Kakajan Komurov Jason E. Toombs Shuguang Wei Michael Peyton Noelle Williams Adi F. Gazdar Bruce A. Posner Rolf A. Brekken Anil K. Sood Ralph J. Deberardinis Michael G. Roth John D. Minna Michael A. White 《Cell》2013
954.
955.
956.
Geng-Qing Huang Wen Li Wei Zhou Jian-Min Zhang Deng-Di Li Si-Ying Gong Xue-Bao Li 《Plant Growth Regulation》2013,71(2):101-112
957.
958.
Ting Wei Jun Hu Kazuhiko Miyanaga Yasunori Tanji 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2013,97(4):1775-1783
The housefly (Musca domestica) is an important host for a variety of bacteria, including some pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant strains. To further investigate the relationship between the housefly and the bacteria it harbors, it is necessary to understand the fate of microorganisms during the larval metamorphosis. The major bacterial communities in three developmental stages of the housefly (maggot, pupa, and adult fly) were investigated by a culture-independent method, polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR?DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The bacteria that were identified using DGGE analysis spanned phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Changes in the predominant genera were observed during the housefly development. Bacteroides, Koukoulia, and Schineria were detected in maggots, Neisseria in pupae, and Macrococcus, Lactococcus, and Kurthia in adult flies. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were screened using a selective medium and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Most resistant isolates from maggots and pupae were classified as Proteus spp., while those from adult flies were much more diverse and spanned 12 genera. Among 20 tested strains across the three stages, 18 were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Overall, we demonstrated that there are changes in the major bacterial communities and antibiotic-resistant strains as the housefly develops. 相似文献
959.
S. Weiß M. Lebuhn D. Andrade A. Zankel M. Cardinale R. Birner-Gruenberger W. Somitsch B. J. Ueberbacher G. M. Guebitz 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2013,97(7):3225-3238
Plant cell wall structures represent a barrier in the biodegradation process to produce biogas for combustion and energy production. Consequently, approaches concerning a more efficient de-polymerisation of cellulose and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars are required. Here, we show that natural activated zeolites (i.e. trace metal activated zeolites) represent eminently suitable mineral microhabitats and potential carriers for immobilisation of microorganisms responsible for anaerobic hydrolysis of biopolymers stabilising related bacterial and methanogenic communities. A strategy for comprehensive analysis of immobilised anaerobic populations was developed that includes the visualisation of biofilm formation via scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, community and fingerprint analysis as well as enzyme activity and identification analyses. Using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, hydrolytical active protein bands were traced by congo red staining. Liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy revealed cellulolytical endo- and exoglucanase (exocellobiohydrolase) as well as hemicellulolytical xylanase/mannase after proteolytic digestion. Relations to hydrolytic/fermentative zeolite colonisers were obtained by using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) based on amplification of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA fragments. Thereby, dominant colonisers were affiliated to the genera Clostridium, Pseudomonas and Methanoculleus. The specific immobilisation on natural zeolites with functional microbes already colonising naturally during the fermentation offers a strategy to systematically supply the biogas formation process responsive to population dynamics and process requirements. 相似文献
960.
Dongbing Cui Lujiang Zhang Zhiqiang Yao Xu Liu Jinping Lin Y. Adam Yuan Dongzhi Wei 《Journal of biotechnology》2013
Short-chain dehydrogenase Gox2181 from Gluconobacter oxydans catalyzes the reduction of 2,3-pentanedione by using NADH as the physiological electron donor. To realize its synthetic biological application for coenzyme recycling use, computational design and site-directed mutagenesis have been used to engineer Gox2181 to utilize not only NADH but also NADPH as the electron donor. Single and double mutations at residues Q20 and D43 were made in a recombinant expression system that corresponded to Gox2181-D43Q and Gox2181-Q20R&D43Q, respectively. The design of mutant Q20R not only resolved the hydrogen bond interaction and electrostatic interaction between R and 2′-phosphate of NADPH, but also could enhance the binding with 2′-phophated of NADPH by combining with D43Q. Molecular dynamics simulation has been carried out to testify the hydrogen bond interactions between mutation sites and 2′-phosphate of NADPH. Steady-state turnover measurement results indicated that Gox2181-D43Q could use both NADH and NADPH as its coenzyme, and so could Gox2181-Q20R&D43Q. Meanwhile, compared to the wild-type enzyme, Gox2181-D43Q exhibited dramatically reduced enzymatic activity while Gox2181-Q20R&D43Q successfully retained the majority of enzymatic activity. 相似文献