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231.
Lei Li Den-bang Chen Chao Lin Kang Cao Yang Wan Xin-yu Zhao Chun-lai Nie Zhu Yuan Yu-quan Wei 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2013,18(4):467-479
PNAS-4, a novel pro-apoptotic gene, was activated during the early response to DNA damage. Previous studies have shown that hPNAS-4 can inhibit tumor growth when over-expressed in ovarian cancer cells. However, the underlying action mechanism remains elusive. In this work, we found that hPNAS-4 expression was significantly increased in SKOV3 cells when exposed to cisplatin, methyl methanesulfonate or mitomycin C, and that its overexpression could induce proliferation inhibition, S phase arrest and apoptosis in A2780s and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. The S phase arrest caused by hPNAS-4 was associated with up-regulation of p21. p21 is p53-dispensable and correlates with activation of ERK, and activation of the Cdc25A-Cdk2-Cyclin E/Cyclin A pathway, while the pro-apoptotic effects of hPNAS-4 were mediated by activation of caspase-9 and -3 other than caspase-8, and accompanied by release of AIF, Smac and cytochrome c into the cytosol. Taken together, these data suggest a new mechanism by which hPNAS-4 inhibits proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by inducing S phase arrest and apoptosis via activation of Cdc25A-Cdk2-Cyclin E/Cyclin A axis and mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. To our knowledge, we provide the first molecular evidence for the potential application of hPNAS-4 as a novel target in ovarian cancer gene therapy. 相似文献
232.
Huai Chen Qiuan Zhu Changhui Peng Ning Wu Yanfen Wang Xiuqing Fang Yongheng Gao Dan Zhu Gang Yang Jianqing Tian Xiaoming Kang Shilong Piao Hua Ouyang Wenhua Xiang Zhibin Luo Hong Jiang Xingzhang Song Yao Zhang Guirui Yu Xinquan Zhao Peng Gong Tandong Yao Jianghua Wu 《Global Change Biology》2013,19(10):2940-2955
With a pace of about twice the observed rate of global warming, the temperature on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (Earth's ‘third pole’) has increased by 0.2 °C per decade over the past 50 years, which results in significant permafrost thawing and glacier retreat. Our review suggested that warming enhanced net primary production and soil respiration, decreased methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands and increased CH4 consumption of meadows, but might increase CH4 emissions from lakes. Warming‐induced permafrost thawing and glaciers melting would also result in substantial emission of old carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission was not stimulated by warming itself, but might be slightly enhanced by wetting. However, there are many uncertainties in such biogeochemical cycles under climate change. Human activities (e.g. grazing, land cover changes) further modified the biogeochemical cycles and amplified such uncertainties on the plateau. If the projected warming and wetting continues, the future biogeochemical cycles will be more complicated. So facing research in this field is an ongoing challenge of integrating field observations with process‐based ecosystem models to predict the impacts of future climate change and human activities at various temporal and spatial scales. To reduce the uncertainties and to improve the precision of the predictions of the impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles, efforts should focus on conducting more field observation studies, integrating data within improved models, and developing new knowledge about coupling among carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles as well as about the role of microbes in these cycles. 相似文献
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234.
Hong-hao Lv Li-mei Yang Jun-gen Kang Qing-biao Wang Xiao-wu Wang Zhi-yuan Fang Yu-mei Liu Mu Zhuang Yang-yong Zhang Yan Lin Yu-hong Yang Bing-yan Xie Bo Liu Ji-Sheng Liu 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2013,32(4):961-967
Cabbage Fusarium wilt (CFW) is a destructive disease causing great losses to cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) production worldwide. At present, there are few reports concerning molecular marker research on cabbage resistance to CFW. In this study, 160 double haploid (DH) lines were obtained from the F1 population of a 99–77 (highly resistant to CFW) × 99–91 (highly susceptible to CFW) cross. Insertion–deletion (InDel) markers were designed according to the reference genome sequence of cabbage and the whole-genome re-sequencing data of the two parents. A genetic map of chromosome C06 including seven InDel markers was constructed based on the DH population. Thus, FOC (resistance gene to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans) was located on chromosome C06 and two InDel markers out of the seven, M10 and A1, flanked the gene at 1.2 and 0.6 cM, respectively. Marker A1 revealed a significant consistency with the phenotype assay in the F2 population as well as in 40 inbred lines (96 and 82 %, respectively). This study lays the foundation for fine mapping and cloning of the FOC gene and for marker-assisted selection in cabbage resistance breeding. 相似文献
235.
Koeun Han Hee-Jin Jeong Joohee Sung Young Soo Keum Myeong-Cheoul Cho Jeong-Han Kim Jin-Kyung Kwon Byung-Dong Kim Byoung-Cheorl Kang 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2013,31(3):537-548
Pungency in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has unique characteristics due to the alkaloid compound group, capsaicinoids, which includes capsaicin. Although capsaicinoids have been proved to have pharmacological and physiological effects on human health, the application of capsaicinoids has been limited because of their pungency. Capsinoids found in non-pungent peppers share closely related structures with capsaicinoids and show similar biological effects. Previous studies demonstrated that mutations in the p-AMT gene were related to the production of capsinoids; however, the pathway of capsinoid synthesis has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we performed genetic analysis to determine the mechanism of capsinoid synthesis using a F6 recombinant inbred line population. In this population, the presence/absence of capsinoids co-segregated with the genotype of the Pun1 locus, without exception. In addition, we screened the patterns of capsinoid synthesis and the correlation between the Pun1 locus and capsinoid synthesis in p-AMT mutant accessions. In Capsicum germplasms, we selected amino-acid-substituted mutants in the PLP binding domain of the p-AMT gene. Capsinoids were not synthesized with the recessive pun1 gene, regardless of the p-AMT genotype, and no relationship was found between p-AMT mutant type and capsinoid content. We concluded that the Pun1 gene, which is responsible for capsaicinoid synthesis, also controls capsinoid synthesis. 相似文献
236.
Yingjun Qiu Yifei Liu Ming Kang Guanmei Yi Hongwen Huang 《Genetics and molecular biology》2013,36(4):598-607
Nothotsuga longibracteata, a relic and endangered conifer species endemic to subtropical China, was studied for examining the spatial-temporal population genetic variation and structure to understand the historical biogeographical processes underlying the present geographical distribution. Ten populations were sampled over the entire natural range of the species for spatial analysis, while three key populations with large population sizes and varied age structure were selected for temporal analyses using both nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) and chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR). A recent bottleneck was detected in the natural populations of N. longibracteata. The spatial genetic analysis showed significant population genetic differentiation across its total geographical range. Notwithstanding, the temporal genetic analysis revealed that the level of genetic diversity between different age class subpopulations remained constant over time. Eleven refugia of the Last Glacial Maximum were identified, which deserve particular attention for conservation management. 相似文献
237.
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239.
Keunhee Oh Myung Won Seo Ga Young Lee Ok-Jin Byoun Hye-Ryun Kang Sang-Heon Cho Dong-Sup Lee 《Respiratory research》2013,14(1):35
Background
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a post-translational protein-modifying enzyme that catalyzes the transamidation reaction, producing crosslinked or polyaminated proteins. Increased TG2 expression and activity have been reported in various inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation-associated pulmonary fibrosis, and autoimmune encephalitis. In particular, TG2 from epithelial cells is important during the initial inflammatory response in the lung. In this study, we evaluated the role of TG2 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, particularly whether TG2 affects initial activation signaling leading to Th2 differentiation against antigens.Methods
We induced allergic asthma by ovalbumin sensitization and intranasal challenge in wild-type (WT) BALB/c and TG2-deficient mice. Broncheoalveolar lavage fluid cells and intracellular cytokine production were analyzed by flow cytometry. Interleukin (IL)-33 and TG2 expression in lung epithelial cells was detected by confocal microscopy.Results
Airway responsiveness was attenuated in TG2-deficient mice compared to that in the WT control. In addition, recruitment of eosinophils and Th2 and Th17 differentiation decreased in TG2-deficient mice. Treatment with cysteamine, a transglutaminase inhibitor, also reduced airway hypersensitivity, inflammatory cell recruitment, and T helper cell differentiation. TG2-deficient mice showed reduced IL-33 expression following induction of allergic asthma compared to those in the WT control.Conclusions
We found that pulmonary epithelial cells damaged by allergens triggered TG2-mediated IL-33 expression leading to type 2 responses by recruiting both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. 相似文献240.