Response of CH4 and N2O Emissions and Wheat Yields to Tillage Method Changes in the North China Plain

The objective of this study was to quantify soil methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions when converting from minimum and no-tillage systems to subsoiling (tilled soil to a depth of 40 cm to 45 cm) in the North China Plain. The relationships between CH₄ and N₂O flux and soil temperature, moisture, NH₄ ⁺-N, organic carbon (SOC) and pH were investigated over 18 months using a split-plot design. The soil absorption of CH₄ appeared to increase after conversion from no-tillage (NT) to subsoiling (NTS), from harrow tillage (HT) to subsoiling (HTS) and from rotary tillage (RT) to subsoiling (RTS). N₂O emissions also increased after conversion. Furthermore, after conversion to subsoiling, the combined global warming potential (GWP) of CH₄ and N₂O increased by approximately 0.05 kg CO₂ ha⁻¹ for HTS, 0.02 kg CO₂ ha⁻¹ for RTS and 0.23 kg CO₂ ha⁻¹ for NTS. Soil temperature, moisture, SOC, NH₄ ⁺-N and pH also changed after conversion to subsoiling. These changes were correlated with CH₄ uptake and N₂O emissions. However, there was no significant correlation between N₂O emissions and soil temperature in this study. The grain yields of wheat improved after conversion to subsoiling. Under HTS, RTS and NTS, the average grain yield was elevated by approximately 42.5%, 27.8% and 60.3% respectively. Our findings indicate that RTS and HTS would be ideal rotation tillage systems to balance GWP decreases and grain yield improvements in the North China Plain region.     

Differential promoter activities of functional haplotypes in the 5′‐flanking region of human Sulfotransferase 1A1

Previously, we reported five common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ?624G>C, ?396G>A, ?358A>C, ?341C>G, and ?294T>C, and six common haplotypes (CGACT, GAACT, GGAGC, GGACC, CAACT, and GAACC) in the 5′‐flanking region of the SULT1A1 gene that were associated with altered enzymatic activity. In the present study, we performed in vitro assays to determine the functional impact of these genetic variations on the promoter activity. Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that these SNPs are located in a negative regulatory fragment of the SULT1A1 gene. Further experiments demonstrated that these SNPs and haplotypes affected promoter activities of SULT1A1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed distinctive binding patterns for the SNPs ‐396G>A and ‐294T>C, due to differential binding affinities of the G/A alleles and the T/C alleles to nuclear proteins extracted from the liver carcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and Huh7. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:422–428, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10:1002/jbt.21437     

动物线粒体核质基因互作的研究进展

线粒体是重要的细胞器,为细胞的生命活动提供能量,线粒体的正常功能是核基因和线粒体基因共同作用维持的结果。线粒体DNA是动物细胞内唯一存在的核外遗传物质,线粒体DNA与核基因的相互作用维持着线粒体和线粒体内膜呼吸链氧化磷酸化的正常功能状态。本文就线粒体核质基因互作在人类疾病、衰老、细胞凋亡、氯霉素抗性、ANT、MnSOD、mtTFA的研究进展进行了综述。 Abstract：Mitochondria is the essential element for a cell,in which generates energy.The normal functions of a mitochondria are controlled by both mitochondrial genome and nuclear genome.Mitochondrial DNA is the only genome in the cytoplasmy of a cell,it encodes essential components of oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)in mitochondrial inner membrane,generating cellular energy in the main form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP).In this paper,we reviewed the research development on interactions of nuclear and mitochondrial genes,including human disease and aging,apoptosis,chloromycetin resistance,ANT,MnSOD and mtTFA.     

玉米耐低磷种质资源的筛选与鉴定

大田种植条件下,在四川两个生态地区鉴定了76份玉米自交系的耐低磷能力。通过对主要农艺、经济性状耐低磷系数的变异系数、变异范围、平均值及其性状间的相关分析,结果表明子粒产量、株高、茎粗可作为玉米耐低磷基因型筛选和评价的指标。根据上述指标,发现178、RP125、99S2052．1、99S2052—2、2396等8个自交系在两试验点都表现出较好的耐低磷特性;978—2、郑58、9508B等21个自交系在两试验点都表现出低磷敏感特性;4783411—1、LC995、01$43、0922—3、S28等17个自交系对低磷胁迫的反应不稳定。研究发现玉米对低磷胁迫的反应易受温度、光照等环境因素的影响,并提出综合运用大田初筛与盆栽复筛、多年多点筛选以及分子水平上的鉴定是获得耐低磷基因型的必要途径。     

Expression and localization of human lysozyme in the endosperm of transgenic rice

In order to understand the characteristics of recombinant protein expression and sublocalization in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) endosperm, we examined the expression level of human lysozyme protein and its subcellular location in transgenic rice seeds driven by rice glutelin and globulin promoters and signal peptides. A time course of human lysozyme expression during endosperm development was analyzed. The results showed that the expression profile of recombinant protein accumulation in endosperm paralleled that of the two storage proteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that human lysozyme and storage proteins co-localized to type-II protein bodies. Both promoter-signal peptide parings targeted recombinant protein to the protein bodies. In addition, a transgenic line with a higher lysozyme expression level exhibited morphologically different protein bodies with an unbalanced composition of lysozyme and native storage proteins. The high-level expression of recombinant protein distorted the trafficking and sorting of native storage proteins in rice endosperm and affected the expression of native storage protein.