An insight into planarian regeneration

BackgroundPlanarian has attracted increasing attentions in the regeneration field for its usefulness as an important biological model organism attributing to its strong regeneration ability. Both the complexity of multiple regulatory networks and their coordinate functions contribute to the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis and the process of regeneration in planarian. The polarity, size, location and number of regeneration tissues are regulated by diverse mechanisms. In this review we summarize the recent advances about the importance genetic and molecular mechanisms for regeneration control on various tissues in planarian.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of original articles published in recent years was performed in regards to the molecular mechanism of each cell types during the planarian regeneration, including neoblast, nerve system, eye spot, excretory system and epidermal.ResultsAvailable molecular mechanisms gave us an overview of regeneration process in every tissue. The sense of injuries and initiation of regeneration is regulated by diverse genes like follistatin and ERK signaling. The Neoblasts differentiate into tissue progenitors under the regulation of genes such as egfr‐3. The regeneration polarity is controlled by Wnt pathway, BMP pathway and bioelectric signals. The neoblast within the blastema differentiate into desired cell types and regenerate the missing tissues. Those tissue specific genes regulate the tissue progenitor cells to differentiate into desired cell types to complete the regeneration process.ConclusionAll tissue types in planarian participate in the regeneration process regulated by distinct molecular factors and cellular signaling pathways. The neoblasts play vital roles in tissue regeneration and morphology maintenance. These studies provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms for regulating planarian regeneration.

Genetic and molecular mechanisms for regeneration control on various tissues in planarian.     

温度诱导Targetron系统用于大肠杆菌高效基因失活

构建基于Te I3c/4c嗜热二型内含子的温度诱导Targetron基因失活系统(Thermotargetron),并应用于中温微生物基因编辑。在大肠杆菌HMS174(DE3)基因组中,选择Subunitofflagellum基因(fliC)和C4dicarboxylate orotate:H+symporter基因(dctA)为靶基因。根据Te I3c/4c DNA识别规则,在fliC和dctA基因中选择fliC489a、fliC828s、fliC1038s和dctA2a位点为基因打靶位点。使用重叠延伸PCR方法,基于pHK-TT1A质粒构建打靶载体。打靶载体转化HMS174菌株,对数期转化子培养液48℃热激1h后涂布于氯霉素抗性LB平板上。使用菌落PCR和DNA测序检测突变株并计算基因失活效率。获得突变株后,通过琼脂穿刺和碳源代谢实验,鉴定ΔfliC、ΔdctA突变株表型变化。菌落PCR测序结果表明,Te I3c/4c插入到fliC和dctA基因设计位点,且打靶效率高达100%。突变株表型验证实验表明,ΔfliC突变株运动能力显著下降,ΔdctA突变株苹果酸代谢能力缺失。综上所述,...     

细胞重编程和移植技术用于帕金森病治疗的研究进展

帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)是一种复杂的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,主要病理特征为黑质致密部多巴胺神经元的进行性丧失.目前PD主要治疗手段包括药物和手术.但药物存在神经保护活性不足、缺乏对因治疗、晚期无药可用等问题,手术治疗风险较大.近年来,细胞重编程技术取得突破性进展,由重编程产生的诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)、诱导多巴胺神经元(induced dopamine neurons,iDNs)和诱导神经干细胞(induced neural stem cells,i NSCs)可用于治疗PD.移植iPSCs分化而来的多巴胺能神经元、iDNs和iNSCs至相应脑区,可起到神经替代与修复作用,有效治疗PD.本文重点介绍细胞重编程的机制,总结iPSCs、iDNs和iNSCs治疗PD的优缺点,并阐述尚存在的挑战,探讨可能的解决方案.     

Ginsenoside Rh2 mitigates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting apoptotic and inflammatory damage and weakening pathological remodelling in breast cancer‐bearing mice

ObjectivesThere are presently a few viable ways to reduce cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (Dox). The combination of chemotherapy agents with natural compounds delivers greater efficacy and reduces adverse effects in recent researches for cancer treatment. Here, we examined the potential effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on a Dox‐based regimen in chemotherapy treatment.Materials and MethodsHuman breast tumour (MDA‐MB‐231) xenograft nude mice, human cardiac ventricle fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were employed in the present study. Histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blot, antibody array, and RNA‐sequencing analyses were utilized to assess the protective effect of Rh2 on cardiotoxicity induced by Dox and the underlying mechanisms.ResultsRh2‐reduced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the cardiac histopathological changes, apoptosis and necrosis, and consequent inflammation. Pathological remodelling was attenuated by reducing fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT) and endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in hearts. RNA‐sequencing analysis showed that Dox treatment predominantly targets cell cycle and attachment of microtubules and boosted tumour necrosis, chemokine and interferon‐gamma production, response to cytokine and chemokine, and T cell activation, whereas Rh2 regulated these effects. Intriguingly, Rh2 also attenuated fibrosis via promoting senescence in myofibroblasts and reversing established myofibroblast differentiation in EndMT.ConclusionsRh2 regulates multiple pathways in the Dox‐provoked heart, proposing a potential candidate for cancer supplement and therapy‐associated cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin is extensively reported to induce severe cardiotoxicity in clinical applications. Our work proposed a natural herbal compound, ginsenoside Rh2, as a potential candidate for attenuating this side effect. Rh2 significantly inhibited cardiac apoptosis and necrosis, inflammation, and pathological remodelling in Dox‐challenged hearts.     

Reconstruction of Surface Porous PEEK Decorated with Strontium-doped Calcium Phosphate Coatings for Enhancing Osteogenic Activity

The aim of this study was to reconstruct surface porous structure with hundreds of micrometers and then bio-mineralize Sr-doped Calcium Phosphate(Sr-doped CaP)o...     

溶藻弧菌群体基因组学研究

溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)是一种能够对人类以及鱼、虾、贝类等水产品致病的弧菌,给人类健康带来威胁,也给水产养殖业造成巨大的经济损失.目前该物种基于全基因组的遗传多样性和重要遗传元件研究报道较少.本研究对采集自全国4个省份的68株溶藻弧菌进行高通量测序,获得全基因组序列,并结合113株公开发表的...     

小兴安岭大亮子河国家森林公园不同生境下土壤细菌多样性和群落结构

土壤细菌是森林生态系统的一个重要组成成分, 是生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的重要参与者, 细菌群落组成和生物多样性是反映土壤生态功能的重要指标。本文利用高通量测序技术分析了大亮子河国家森林公园内红松(Pinus koraiensis)林、落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)林、枫桦(Betula costata)林、针阔混交林、灌木林和草甸等7种不同生境土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的差异性, 探讨该地区土壤细菌群落对不同生境的响应, 为地区森林生态系统的经营管理及生态系统稳定性的维护提供科学理论基础。在门的水平上, 各生境的细菌群落组成基本一致, 其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)在7种生境土壤中相对丰度均大于10.0%, 是细菌中的优势菌门。在属的水平上, 共测得245个菌属, 各样地共有属118个, 占总属数的48.2%, 占总相对丰度的97.8%; 优势菌属分别为Spartobacteria_ genera_incertae_sedis、Gaiella、Gp16、Gp4, 占总相对丰度的47.0%, Spartobacteria_genera_incertae_sedis在7种生境土壤中丰度均最高。7种生境下的土壤细菌多样性和土壤理化因子存在着显著的差异, 红松林的土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度均高于其他生境。土壤pH是大亮子河森林公园影响土壤细菌多样性的关键因子。     

陕西食源性沙门氏菌耐药及相关基因

【目的】研究食源性沙门氏菌对常用抗生素的药敏性及相关耐药基因,更好的了解耐药性的产生和传播途径,确保食品安全。【方法】使用the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute推荐的琼脂稀释法测定沙门氏菌的药敏性,PCR和基因序列测定方法确定耐药沙门氏菌中整合子及其携带的耐药基因、与头孢菌素抗性相关的基因、沙门氏菌基因岛及与氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药相关的基因突变。【结果】359株沙门氏菌中,67%的菌株对磺胺甲恶唑产生抗性,对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑、四环素、卡那霉素、萘啶酮酸、氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、链霉素、氯霉素和庆大霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、头孢西丁和头孢哌酮的耐药率分别为58%、56%、37%、35%、33%、32%、29%、26%、21%、16%、9%和8%。284株耐药菌中,79%的菌株可抗至少1种抗生素,25.9%可抗10种以上抗生素,2.5%可抗14种抗生素。耐药的Ⅰ类整合子以1.4kb最为常见,携带的耐药基因有aadA1、aadA2、aadA5、tetR、blaPSE-1、blaDHA-1、blaVEB-1、dhfrⅠ、dhfrⅤ、dhfrⅦ和dhfr17等。62株耐头孢曲松和/或头孢哌酮的沙门氏菌中,blaTEM和blaCMY-2基因的检出率分别为51.6%和56.5%。13.6%的沙门氏菌中检出了沙门氏菌基因岛。35株耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素的沙门氏菌的gyrA、parC和parE基因中共检出68个点突变,gyrA基因中常见突变为Ser83Phe、Ser83Tyr、Asp87Gly和Asp87Asn,parC基因中为Ser80Arg。parE基因中检出了Lys441Ile、Lys428Gln、Asp494Asn、Lys428Gln和Gly442Ser突变,这些点突变均为首次在食源性沙门氏菌中检出。【结论】陕西食源性沙门氏菌耐药状况严重,整合子、沙门氏菌基因岛和β-内酰胺酶编码基因的存在及解旋酶和拓扑异构酶基因突变是导致沙门氏菌耐药的重要机制。     

Spatial-temporal expression of pum1 and pum2 in medaka Oryzias latipes

Two pumilios, pum1 and pum2, were identified in medaka Oryzias latipes. Oryzias latipes pum1 and pum2 are ubiquitous in the adult tissues but with specific expression in the germ cells of gonads, ovary and testis. Pum1 is expressed in the spermatogonia to spermatocytes whilst pum2 presents in spermatocytes of testis only. Oryzias latipes pum1 and pum2 are maternally supplied RNA with ubiquitous expression in the early stages, and embryonic expression of pum1 and pum2 may begin from early gastrula. Both pum1 and pum2 are expressed in the tissues including brain, eye and trunk, and both are expressed in the gonads after hatching. Taken together, Pum1 and Pum2 may play important roles in embryonic and germ cell development of O. latipes.     

棉铃虫性外激素成分的化学分析和田间试验

利用毛细柱的气相色谱和质谱对棉铃虫（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）雌蛾腺体提取物的分析,鉴定出了他和十六碳醛、顺－9－十六碳烯醛、顺－11－十六碳烯醛、饱和十六碳醇和顺－11－十六碳烯醇,其相对比例为6．1：4．5：100：3．5：8．8。在山东、山西省的田间试验中,2mg的顺－11－十六碳烯醛和顺－9－十六碳烯醛（97：3）置橡胶塞上能有效地引诱棉铃虫雄蛾。增加4％－7％他和十六碳醛到二元混合物中诱蛾量超过二元混合物。增加1％顺－11－十六碳烯醇到二元或三元混合物中减少诱蛾量,当增加5％顺－11－十六碳醇时诱蛾量大量减少。