蛋白质组学在去泛素化酶研究中的应用

泛素-蛋白酶体系统是细胞内蛋白质特异性降解的主要途径,参与并调控细胞周期、免疫应答、信号传递和DNA修复等真核生物体内几乎所有的生命活动。去泛素酶的存在使泛素化修饰成为可逆过程,保证了泛素系统及其相关生理过程的动态平衡,其表达紊乱也是诱发多种疾病的主要原因。对去泛素化酶进行系统、全面的研究是理解其作用机制并将其作为治疗药物靶点的前提。蛋白质组学技术的快速发展为系统深入研究去泛素化酶提供了条件,特别是在去泛素化酶的相互作用网络和底物特异性研究等方面发挥了独特的作用。因此,文中结合课题组研究工作,对去泛素化酶的分类及功能进行介绍并总结了蛋白质组学在去泛素化酶研究中的应用进展。     

N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖化在信号转导中的作用

蛋白质磷酸化在生命活动以及信号转导过程中的重要作用已经被研究证实,但不少研究发现在大多数核,胞液蛋白质上不仅存在磷酸化动态修饰,还存在广泛的动态N－乙酰氨基葡萄糖修饰,N－乙酰氨基葡萄糖基转移酶和N－乙酰氨基葡萄糖基酶以类似于蛋白质激酶和磷酸酶的方式调节蛋白质是否发生N－乙酰氨基葡萄糖化。N－乙酰氨基葡萄糖化蛋白质主要分布在细胞核与胞液,其生理功能涉及细胞基本生命活动和调节信号传递。N－乙酰氨基葡萄糖的作用基础与阻断或影响蛋白质的磷酸化有关。     

Inhibition of Filamin-A Reduces Cancer Metastatic Potential

Filamin-A cross-links actin filaments into dynamic orthogonal networks, and interacts with an array of proteins of diverse cellular functions. Because several filamin-A interaction partners are implicated in signaling of cell mobility regulation, we tested the hypothesis that filamin-A plays a role in cancer metastasis. Using four pairs of filamin-A proficient and deficient isogenic cell lines, we found that filamin-A deficiency in cancer cells significantly reduces their migration and invasion. Using a xenograft tumor model with subcutaneous and intracardiac injections of tumor cells, we found that the filamin-A deficiency causes significant reduction of lung, splenic and systemic metastasis in nude mice. We evaluated the expression of filamin-A in breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining, and found that low levels of filamin-A expression in cancer cells of the tumor tissues are associated with a better distant metastasis-free survival than those with normal levels of filamin-A. These data not only validate filamin-A as a prognostic marker for cancer metastasis, but also suggest that inhibition of filamin-A in cancer cells may reduce metastasis and that filamin-A can be used as a therapeutic target for filamin-A positive cancer.     

Phosphorylation on tyrosine-15 of p34(Cdc2) by ErbB2 inhibits p34(Cdc2) activation and is involved in resistance to taxol-induced apoptosis

ErbB2 overexpression confers resistance to taxol-induced apoptosis by inhibiting p34(Cdc2) activation. One mechanism is via ErbB2-mediated upregulation of p21(Cip1), which inhibits Cdc2. Here, we report that the inhibitory phosphorylation on Cdc2 tyrosine (Y)15 (Cdc2-Y15-p) is elevated in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and primary tumors. ErbB2 binds to and colocalizes with cyclin B-Cdc2 complexes and phosphorylates Cdc2-Y15. The ErbB2 kinase domain is sufficient to directly phosphorylate Cdc2-Y15. Increased Cdc2-Y15-p in ErbB2-overexpressing cells corresponds with delayed M phase entry. Expressing a nonphosphorylatable mutant of Cdc2 renders cells more sensitive to taxol-induced apoptosis. Thus, ErbB2 membrane RTK can confer resistance to taxol-induced apoptosis by directly phosphorylating Cdc2.     

骨髓间质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脑出血模型的实验研究

目的:研究大鼠骨髓间质干细胞(MSCs)移植治疗脑出血的可行性。方法:分离MSCs后,连续传代培养、扩增,Brdu标记的MSCs通过颈动脉、侧脑室2种途径移植入脑出血大鼠模型体内,采用爬行计分法评估神经功能的恢复程度,并观察脑部Brdu阳性细胞的分布。结果:通过侧脑室、颈动脉移植后大鼠神经功能改善,明显优于对照组(P<0.05);经颈动脉注射组较经侧脑室注射组爬杆实验评分低(P<0.05)。移植的MSCs主要迁移到出血灶、大脑皮层、海马区等处。结论:MSCs移植对脑出血具有保护作用,而经颈动脉给药疗效优于经侧脑室给药。     

局灶性脑缺血再灌损伤时神经细胞内Ca~(2+)时空动态变化的实验研究

本文用插线法制作局灶性脑缺血／再灌损伤模型,利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察活体脑片细胞内Ｃａ２＋的分布及动态变化,结果表明：（１）缺血／再灌时间不同,梗塞面积不同,缺血４小时梗塞面积占同侧半球的１６．３％,缺血４小时再灌２０小时梗塞面积增加到２５．９％,缺血２４小时梗塞面积占同侧半球的６０．４％。（２）本文首次观察到在缺血４小时纹状体区域的Ｃａ２＋变化明显高于皮层,并且再灌后皮层及纹状体区域Ｃａ２＋的含量明显增加     

海南橡胶林植物多样性特征

为探讨人工林物种多样性维持机制及人为干扰后人工林群落的多样性恢复机制, 作者依据自然林的核心理论建立了一个1 ha的橡胶(Hevea brasiliensis)林固定样地, 通过研究近自然管理后样地内植物物种组成与分布来探讨近自然管理后橡胶林生物多样性的特征。结果表明: 近自然管理后橡胶林群落物种多样性较高, 1 ha样地内共有植物69科155属183种。在面积为4,000 m²、3,000 m²和2,000 m²时分别包含了样地内大约90%的种、属和科; 逻辑斯蒂模型拟合拟合种-面积曲线效果较好(R²=0.997), 证明了1 ha取样尺度可以满足橡胶林群落物种多样性研究的需要。多度-面积曲线和丰富度-面积曲线与随机分布模型有明显的差异, 表明橡胶林群落内个体数及物种分布呈非随机性。(4)对数级数模型和对数正态模型拟合橡胶林群落的种-多度分布都不理想, 相比而言后者拟合效果稍好。     

Development of silver-containing austenite antibacterial stainless steels for biomedical applications Part I: microstructure characteristics,mechanical properties and antibacterial mechanisms

The as-quenched (AQ) microstructure of the Ag-containing alloys was found to be essentially a mixture of austenite (γ) and Ag phases. The Ag phase precipitates had a face-centered-cubic structure and lattice parameter a = 4.09 Å. When the alloy contained Ag ≥0.2 wt%, the mechanical properties were slightly enhanced because of the precipitate strengthening by the Ag phase precipitates. Moreover, the Ag-containing alloys exhibited ductile fracture after tensile testing. The results of an antibacterial test revealed that the Ag phase precipitates play a key role in the antibacterial mechanism of Ag-containing alloys: Ag⁺ ions released from the Ag phase precipitates can kill bacteria. It is suggested that as AISI 316L alloy has an Ag content ≥0.2 wt%, it will have excellent antibacterial properties against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with an antibacterial rate of nearly 100%.     

Potential role of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) in diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats: An in vivo approach

The present study aimed to evaluate the importance of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) of diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats. The rats were induced with diabetic using streptozotocin and total triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were determined. The range of myocardial enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) were also estimated, further, the Immuno histochemical analysis and western blot investigation were determined for the actual activity of C3G. Results indicated that the marker enzymes such as CK, LD and AST were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in STZ administered rats (DM group), while the levels of these elevated marker enzymes of cardiac injury significantly (P < 0.05) declined in the DM + C3G group, as compared to the diabetic group of rats. Additionally, a decrease in the level of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6, was noticed in the C3G treated group as compared to diabetic group. Finally, blotting analysis clearly confirmed that theC3G treatment resulted to higher level response of Bcl-2 and lower level response of caspase-3 and BAX. In conclusion, C3G a natural antioxidant may prevent cardiovascular complications by ameliorating oxidative damage, inflammation, metabolic dysfunctions and apoptosis pathways in type 2 diabetes.     

化学突变具有底物结合部位的单克隆抗体制备含硒抗体酶

开发了一种制备抗体酶的新方法。用二硝基氯苯（ＤＮＣＢ）专一地与谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）的巯基反应,合成出半抗原ＧＳＨ－Ｓ－ＤＮＰ。用戊二醛将半抗原偶联到牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）上,制成全抗原。再用标准的单抗制备法获得具有ＧＳＨ结合部位的单抗（４Ａ４ＩｇＧ）。用苯甲基磺酞氟（ＰＭＳＦ）和Ｈ２Ｓｅ相继处理该单抗,则将单拉结合部位上的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）突变成硒代半胱氨酸（ＳｅＣｙｓ,因而在单抗结合部位上引入了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）的催化基团。突变后的单抗具有ＧＰＸ活性,其活力已达到天然ＧＰＸ的数量级水平。动力学行为也与天然ＧＰＸ类似。这种新的含硒抗体酶有优于ＧＰＸ的一些特点。