龙血竭胶囊合九华膏对环状混合痔术后患者创面愈合、血清炎性因子和免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨龙血竭胶囊合九华膏对环状混合痔（RMH）术后患者创面愈合、血清炎性因子和免疫功能的影响。方法：选取2016年7月~2019年12月期间我院收治的RMH患者93例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=46,马应龙麝香痔疮膏治疗）和研究组（n=47,龙血竭胶囊合九华膏治疗）,比较两组患者疗效、创面愈合情况、不良反应、血清炎性因子和免疫功能。结果：治疗10 d后,研究组的临床总有效率为89.36%（42/47）,高于对照组的71.74%（33/46）（P<0.05）。两组治疗10 d后创面渗液、水肿、疼痛、创面肉芽组织评分下降,创面面积减小,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗10 d后肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-2（IL-2）均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗10 d后免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组并发症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：RMH患者术后采用龙血竭胶囊合九华膏治疗,疗效较好,可有效促进创面愈合,减轻炎症反应,改善机体免疫功能,同时还可减少并发症发生率。     

Human Monoclonal Antibodies: On the Menu of Targeted Therapeutics Against COVID-19

Virologica Sinica - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reminiscent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, has been a tragic disaster to people all over the world. As...     

Distinct lung microbial community states in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

An improved understanding of the lung microbiome may lead to better strategies to diagnose, treat, and prevent pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB). However, the characteristics of the lung microbiomes of patients with TB remain largely undefined. In this study, 163 bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) samples were collected from 163 sputum-negative suspected PTB patients. Furthermore, 12 paired BAL samples were obtained from 12 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive(MTB+) patients before and after negative conversion following a two-month anti-TB treatment. The V3–V4 region of the 16 S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) gene was used to characterize the microbial composition of the lungs. The results showed that the prevalence of MTB in the BAL samples was 42.9%(70/163) among the sputum-negative patients. The α-diversity of lung microbiota was significantly less diverse in MTB+ patients compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-negative(MTB–) patients. There was a significant difference in β-diversity between MTB+ and MTB– patients. MTB+ patients were enriched with Anoxybacillus, while MTB– patients were enriched with Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Veillonella, and Gemella. There was no significant difference between the Anoxybacillus detection rates of MTB+ and MTB– patients. The paired comparison between the BAL samples from MTB+ patients and their negative conversion showed that BAL negative-conversion microbiota had a higher α-diversity. In conclusion, distinct features of airway microbiota could be identified between samples from patients with and without MTB. Our results imply links between lung microbiota and different clinical groups of active PTB.     

Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of the unique Saxifraga sect. Irregulares (Saxifragaceae) from eastern Asia

Saxifraga L. is the largest genus in Saxifragaceae and a characteristic component of the herbaceous flora of the temperate and alpine mountains in the Northern Hemisphere. Section Irregulares is a small group of 15–20 species, representing one of the early‐diverged lineages in the genus characterized with unique zygomorphic flowers. We used both nuclear internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast DNA regions (psbA‐trnH, trnL‐F, and matK) to reconstruct its species relationships, estimate divergence times, and infer its historical biogeography. Our phylogenetic results corroborate the monophyly of sect. Irregulares and its sister relationship to sect. Heterisia from North America. The section was well resolved into two lineages corresponding to their morphological features and biogeographic distributions. One represents ser. Stoloniferae including S. stolonifera Curtis and S. nipponica Makino with long‐creeping stolons/rhizomes and small petals with spots and the other comprises the remaining taxa (ser. Rufescentes) which lack long‐creeping rhizomes. Spots on leaves (abaxially spotted vs. abaxially without spots) and spots on petals (without spots vs. with spots) are inferred to be phylogenetically informative within ser. Rufescentes. Divergence time estimates and ancestral area analysis suggested a western North American origin of sect. Irregulares with migration into East Asia by way of the Bering land bridge in the Middle Oligocene. The development of drying and desertification belt in the late Miocene could have played an important role in the subsequent restriction and separation of the north and south lineages within eastern Asia.     

cAMP/PKA诱导卵母细胞减数分裂停滞的机制

大多数物种的卵母细胞在减数分裂前都要经历长时间停滞,其中cAMP对卵母细胞减数分裂停滞具有重要作用,本研究关注c AMP对卵母细胞减数分裂的影响及其机制。本研究通过将卵母细胞与cAMP预孵育,再用胰岛素刺激研究胰岛素诱导的卵母细胞成熟的影响,接着本研究通过显微注射和Zeiss 100TV显微镜分析cAMP对PKA在卵母细胞中定位的影响,并且本研究用Western blotting的方法研究cAMP/PKA对mos蛋白的表达和MAPK蛋白磷酸化的影响。结果显示,本研究通过亲和层析得到了高纯度的PKA蛋白,且cAMP/PKA能够抑制卵母细胞的成熟,而PKA的热稳定抑制剂PKI能够解除PKA对卵母细胞减数分裂的抑制,cAMP/PKA也能够影响mos的积累以及MAPK的磷酸化。cAMP能够影响PKA在卵母细胞中的定位,cAMP/PKA能够通过影响mos积累抑制卵母细胞的减数分裂,这可能与cAMP能够抑制MAPK磷酸化有关。     

载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡对小鼠造血系统抗辐射作用的分析

为探讨载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡对小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用。本研究检测载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡的表征,并将60只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、照射对照组、载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡组。小鼠经6Gy x射线一次性全身照射(剂量率2 Gy/min)。于照射后3 d和8 d处死小鼠,检测其外周血细胞数、脾脏和胸腺指数、骨髓和脾脏组织病理学变化。结果显示,照射后3 d和8 d,与正常对照组相比,载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡组和照射对照组的白细胞均明显下降,相比照射对照组,载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡组有改善(p<0.05或p<0.01);而载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡组和照射对照组的红细胞数和血红蛋白均略有下降,但差异无统计学意义。与正常对照组相比,微泡组的胸腺指数、脾脏指数均有下降,和照射对照组相比,载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡组的胸腺指数明显改善(p<0.05或p<0.01)。照射后3 d,与正常对照组相比,照射对照组的骨髓细胞较少,存在细胞碎片,载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡组骨髓细胞数量略有减少,存在细胞核松散现象。而照射后8 d,与正常对照组相比,照射对照组的骨髓细胞几乎找不到,载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡组骨髓细胞有一定数量,存在细胞凋亡现象。本研究表明,载氢-纳米氧化铈微泡通过保护造血组织、改善造血功能,对机体起到一定的辐射防护作用。     

Dominance complementation of Hd1 and Ghd8 contributes to extremely late flowering in two rice hybrids

Molecular Breeding - Lack of seed dormancy, a major cause of pre-harvest sprouting in rice and other cereal crops, causes significant reductions in grain yield and quality. Weedy rice is often...     

The ROK-family regulator Rok7B7 directly controls carbon catabolite repression,antibiotic biosynthesis,and morphological development in Streptomyces avermitilis

Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a common phenomenon in bacteria that modulates expression of genes involved in uptake of alternative carbon sources. In the filamentous streptomycetes, which produce half of all known antibiotics, the precise mechanism of CCR is yet unknown. We report here that the ROK-family regulator Rok7B7 pleiotropically controls xylose and glucose uptake, CCR, development, as well as production of the macrolide antibiotics avermectin and oligomycin A in Streptomyces avermitilis. Rok7B7 directly repressed structural genes for avermectin biosynthesis, whereas it activated olmRI, the cluster-situated activator gene for oligomycin A biosynthesis. Rok7B7 also directly repressed the xylose uptake operon xylFGH, whose expression was induced by xylose and repressed by glucose. Both xylose and glucose served as Rok7B7 ligands. rok7B7 deletion led to enhancement and reduction of avermectin and oligomycin A production, respectively, relieved CCR of xylFGH, and increased co-uptake efficiency of xylose and glucose. A consensus Rok7B7-binding site, 5′-TTKAMKHSTTSAV-3′, was identified within aveA1p, olmRIp, and xylFp, which allowed prediction of the Rok7B7 regulon and confirmation of 11 additional targets involved in development, secondary metabolism, glucose uptake, and primary metabolic processes. Our findings will facilitate methods for strain improvement, antibiotic overproduction, and co-uptake of xylose and glucose in Streptomyces species.     

Three proline rotamases involved in calcium homeostasis play differential roles in stress tolerance,virulence and calcineurin regulation of Beauveria bassiana

FK506‐sensitive proline rotamases (FPRs), also known as FK506‐binding proteins (FKBPs), can mediate immunosuppressive drug resistance in budding yeast but their physiological roles in filamentous fungi remain opaque. Here, we report that three FPRs (cytosolic/nuclear 12.15‐kD Fpr1, membrane‐associated 14.78‐kD Fpr2 and nuclear 50.43‐kD Fpr3) are all equally essential for cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis and contribute significantly to calcineurin activity at different levels in the insect‐pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana although the deletion of fpr1 alone conferred resistance to FK506. Radial growth, conidiation, conidial viability and virulence were less compromised in the absence of fpr1 or fpr2 than in the absence of fpr3, which abolished almost all growth on scant media and reduced growth moderately on rich media. The Δfpr3 mutant was more sensitive to Na⁺, K⁺, Mn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, metal chelate, heat shock and UVB irradiation than was Δfpr2 while both mutants were equally sensitive to Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, H₂O₂ and cell wall‐perturbing agents. In contrast, the Δfpr1 mutant was less sensitive to fewer stress cues. Most of 32 examined genes involved in DNA damage repair, Na⁺/K⁺ detoxification or osmotolerance and Ca²⁺ homeostasis were downregulated sharply in Δfpr2 and Δfpr3 but rarely so affected in Δfpr1, coinciding well with their phenotypic changes. These findings uncover important, but differential, roles of three FPRs in the fungal adaptation to insect host and environment and provide novel insight into their essential roles in calcium signalling pathway.     

NbALY916 is involved in potato virus X P25-triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana

Systemic necrosis often occurs during viral infection of plants and is thought mainly to be the result of long-term stress induced by viral infection. Potato virus X (PVX) encodes the P25 pathogenicity factor that triggers a necrotic reaction during PVX-potato virus Ysynergistic coinfection. In this study, we discovered that NbALY916, a multifunctional nuclear protein, could interact with P25. When NbALY916 expression was reduced by tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing, the accumulation of P25 was increased, which would be expected to cause more severe necrosis. However, silencing of NbALY916 reduced the extent of cell death caused by P25. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of NbALY916 increased the accumulation of H₂O₂ and triggered more extensive cell death when coexpressed with P25, even though accumulation of P25 was itself reduced by the increased expression of NbALY916. Furthermore, transient expression of P25 specifically induced the expression of NbALY916 mRNA, but not the mRNAs of three other ALYs in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, we showed that silencing of NbALY916 or transient overexpression of NbALY916 affected the infection of PVX in N. benthamiana. Our results reveal that NbALY916 has an antiviral role that, in the case of PVX, operates by inducing the accumulation of H₂O₂ and mediating the degradation of P25.