Centrosome linker protein C‐Nap1 maintains stem cells in mouse testes

The centrosome linker component C‐Nap1 (encoded by CEP250) anchors filaments to centrioles that provide centrosome cohesion by connecting the two centrosomes of an interphase cell into a single microtubule organizing unit. The role of the centrosome linker during development of an animal remains enigmatic. Here, we show that male CEP250 ^−/− mice are sterile because sperm production is abolished. Premature centrosome separation means that germ stem cells in CEP250 ^−/− mice fail to establish an E‐cadherin polarity mark and are unable to maintain the older mother centrosome on the basal site of the seminiferous tubules. This failure prompts premature stem cell differentiation in expense of germ stem cell expansion. The concomitant induction of apoptosis triggers the complete depletion of germ stem cells and consequently infertility. Our study reveals a role for centrosome cohesion in asymmetric cell division, stem cell maintenance, and fertility.     

Depression compromises antiviral innate immunity via the AVP-AHI1-Tyk2 axis

Depression is a serious public-health issue. Recent reports have suggested higher susceptibility to viral infections in depressive patients. However, how depression affects antiviral innate immune signaling remains unknown. Here, we revealed a reduction in expression of Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and macrophages from the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which leads to attenuated antiviral immune response. We found that depression-related arginine vasopressin (AVP) induces reduction of AHI1 in macrophages. Further studies demonstrated that AHI1 is a critical stabilizer of basal type-I-interferon (IFN-I) signaling. Mechanistically, AHI1 recruits OTUD1 to deubiquitinate and stabilize Tyk2, while AHI1 reduction downregulates Tyk2 and IFN-I signaling activity in macrophages from both MDD patients and depression model mice. Interestingly, we identified a clinical analgesic meptazinol that effectively stimulates AHI1 expression, thus enhancing IFN-I antiviral defense in depression model mice. Our study promotes the understanding of the signaling mechanisms of depression-mediated antiviral immune dysfunction, and reveals meptazinol as an enhancer of antiviral innate immunity in depressive patients.Subject terms: Innate immunity, Ubiquitylation, Cell signalling     

NaCl胁迫对小黄花菜生长及相关生理指标的影响

为探讨小黄花菜的耐盐机理,选育良好的耐盐植物以缓解土壤盐渍化问题,该文选取小黄花菜(Hemerocallis minor)为试材,采用砂培法,研究不同浓度NaCl(50、100、150、200、250 mmol·L-1)胁迫对小黄花菜的生长性状、细胞质膜透性和有机渗透调节物质含量等的影响.结果表明:(1)小黄花菜在10...     

秦岭山地锐齿栎次生林幼苗更新特征

分析了秦岭山地锐齿栎次生林群落乔木及木本幼苗物种特征值、更新生态位宽度及不同影响因子下（包括林分密度、坡向、海拔等）乔木更新动态。结果表明,乔木层物种有25种,锐齿栎占有明显地优势,重要值为149.18%。其次为华山松(Pinus armandii)和千斤榆(Carpinus cordata)等;更新层共有木本植物41种,其中乔木种有28种,占所有木本植物总数量的68%,优势种有青蛙皮槭(Acer grosseri)、木姜子(Litsea pungens)等。林下有丰富的幼苗库,径级及龄级比较小。更新方式以实生为主;分析了10种更新优势乔木种群的生态位宽度,同种幼树种群生态位宽度均大于幼苗种群生态位宽度。幼苗种群生态位宽度从大到小依次为榛子(Corylus heterophylla)、锐齿栎、青蛙皮槭等。幼树种群生态位宽度从大到小依次为榛子、青蛙皮槭、锐齿栎等;林分密度对林下乔木幼苗和幼树数量影响不同。当林分密度（株?hm-2）从720增加到1460时,幼苗密度逐渐增大。随后随着林分密度的增加,又呈现出减少的趋势。而幼树密度随着林分密度增加一直呈现出减少的趋势。坡向对锐齿栎次生林林下乔木幼苗和幼树的影响各异,阳坡（南偏西3）均利于幼苗和幼树的更新。南偏西45林分内,幼苗密度急剧减少。随着坡向转为阴坡,幼苗密度又逐渐增加。而幼树密度逐渐减少。当海拔从1083 m增加到1547 m时,幼树密度逐渐增加。随后,随着海拔增加到1882 m,幼树密度则逐渐减小。而幼苗密度随着海拔的增高一直呈现减小的趋势。     

蜡样芽孢杆菌B3-7在大田小麦根部的定殖动态及其对小麦纹枯病的防治效果

为了阐明蜡样芽孢杆菌B3-7在大田条件下的生态适应性以及对于小麦纹枯病的生防效果,通过利用绿色荧光蛋白编码基因gfp标记生防菌株B3-7,室内比较了GFP标记菌株和原始出发菌株在菌落形态、生长特性,生物薄膜产生以及在小麦根部定殖等方面的特性,结果发现GFP标记菌株和出发菌株在上述特性方面无明显差别。在此基础上,大田条件下测定了GFP标记菌株在小麦根部的定殖动态和对于小麦纹枯病的生防效果。结果发现,GFP标记菌株在小麦根部能够长期定殖,其存在量在小麦分蘖期最大,每克根重达到105CFU,拔节期后,该细菌数量一直维持在104CFU之上。同时发现,生防菌株能够有效降低小麦纹枯病的严重度和提高罹病小麦的产量。小麦分蘖期、孕穗期和灌浆期生防菌对于小麦纹枯病的防治效果分别达到60%、34%,34%,小麦成熟后产量提高13%—15%。结果表明,B3-7在大田条件下具有较好的生态适应性和防治小麦纹枯病的能力。     

针茅内生细菌菌株265ZY4的鉴定及其生物学功能

【目的】为高寒草地针茅(Stipa capillata L.)内生细菌的开发和利用提供理论依据,为生物菌肥的研究提供有价值的菌种资源。【方法】利用常规分离方法从针茅中分离获得菌株265ZY4,采用平板对峙法、Salkowski比色法和钼锑抗比色法对该内生菌进行拮抗能力测定、产IAA以及溶磷、固氮能力测定。根据形态学和16S r RNA序列分析对菌株265ZY4进行鉴定,确定该菌株的分类学地位。【结果】菌株265ZY4对3种马铃薯真菌病害均有较好的抑制作用,且对马铃薯炭疽病(Colletotrichum coccodes)的拮抗作用最明显,抑菌率为83.03%;该菌株能分泌IAA,在不含色氨酸的培养基中的分泌量为9.30 mg/L,且有较好的溶解无机磷的能力,无固氮能力;通过培养性状和形态特征,结合16S r RNA序列分析,将菌株265ZY4鉴定为Bacillus subtilis。【结论】菌株265ZY4鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌B.subtilis,具有溶磷、产IAA等生物学功能,具有开发潜力。     

浑善达克沙地夏冬季浅色型生物土壤结皮中古菌的系统发育多样性

【目的】生物土壤结皮(Biological soil crusts,BSCs)对于遏制土壤荒漠化、恢复荒漠地区生态环境起着重要作用。BSCs形成和发展的关键角色是微生物。但关于BSCs中微生物组成的认识还不够全面和系统,特别是对其中的古菌鲜有研究报道。【方法】通过构建和分析古菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库,揭示浑善达克沙地BSCs中古菌多样性和系统发育类型组成,并比较它们夏季和冬季的变化。【结果】BSCs样品颜色为褐色,厚度较薄,所含氮和磷营养养分不高;8月份和11月份的BSCs古菌16S rRNA基因文库覆盖度均达95%以上,代表性强;两个文库共得到可用的142条古菌16S rRNA基因序列,以0.03为Cutoff值、这些序列分入10个OTUs中,两个季节的最优势种群相同;8月份和11月份的古菌均属于奇古菌门,但群落结构存在很大的不同,即各自所独有的种群分别有1个和4个;BSCs中古菌多样性均不高,但11月份的明显高于8月份的。【结论】温带沙地浅色型BSCs中古菌的主要为奇古菌、多样性低,其群落结构随季节变换而有较大变化。本研究为系统认识BSCs古菌的多样性及其生态作用提供了基础。     

Human pluripotent stem cell registry: Operations,role and current directions

The human plutiripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg) is a global database for human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESC, hiPSC). The publicly accessible Registry (https://hpscreg.eu) was set up to provide a transparent resource of quality‐assessed hPSC lines as well as to increase reproducibility of research and interoperability of data.ObjectivesIn this review, we describe the establishment of the Registry and its mission, its development into a knowledgebase for hPSC and the current status of hPSC‐focussed databases. The data categories available in hPSCreg are detailed. In addition, sharing and hurdles to data sharing on a global level are described.ConclusionsAn outlook is provided on the establishment of digital representatives of donors using hybrids of data and hPSC‐based biological models, and how this can also be used to reposition databases as mediators between donors and researchers.

hPSCreg as a data hub for pluripotent stem cells: Key utility and function.