幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜上皮细胞DNA甲基化的研究进展

在癌症发生表观遗传学研究中,DNA甲基化是研究最多也最深入的一种机制,异常甲基化可导致胃黏膜上皮细胞癌变.幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hpylori)是胃癌的第Ⅰ类致癌原,在“慢性浅表性胃炎-慢性萎缩性胃炎-肠上皮化生-不典型增生-胃癌”的癌变模式中可能起先导作用.胃癌相关基因的异常甲基化和H.pylori的致癌机制均是目前研究的热点,本研究综述H.pylori感染与胃黏膜上皮细胞DNA异常甲基化的关系,阐述H.pylori感染介导慢性炎症诱发胃黏膜上皮细胞DNA甲基化的机制.     

湖南湖北两省H6亚型禽流感病毒表面基因的序列分析

2008年至2009年间,在湖南和湖北两省的活禽市场中分离到了14株H6亚型禽流感病毒,为了解这14株病毒之间的分子特征和差异,我们运用PCR和测序鉴定对这14株病毒的NA基因进行了分型,并对其表面基因HA和NA进行序列测定及序列分析.14株H6亚型病毒中,H6N2亚型12株,H6N6亚型2株.序列测定和进化分析结果显示:DK/HN/284的HA基因与其它13株的HA差异性较大,差异性达到19.4%～20.2%,其余13株毒同源性在94.2%～99.9%;N2亚型NA基因的同源性在91.1%～99.9%,差异性比较大;两株N6亚型NA基因同源性为89.5%,差异明显.这些数据表明:不同毒株呈现一定的地域性差异.与我国周边其它地区的H6亚型禽流感毒株序列进行比较发现,只有DK/HN/284的HA基因与香港早期的毒株可能有着共同的来源,其余都与香港和韩国等的毒株有着较大的差异性,并且各个毒株的HA基因上潜在的糖基化位点和受体结合位点也有所不同,这些数据表明,这些毒株表现出明显的异源性.     

Protein-protein interaction site predictions with three-dimensional probability distributions of interacting atoms on protein surfaces

Protein-protein interactions are key to many biological processes. Computational methodologies devised to predict protein-protein interaction (PPI) sites on protein surfaces are important tools in providing insights into the biological functions of proteins and in developing therapeutics targeting the protein-protein interaction sites. One of the general features of PPI sites is that the core regions from the two interacting protein surfaces are complementary to each other, similar to the interior of proteins in packing density and in the physicochemical nature of the amino acid composition. In this work, we simulated the physicochemical complementarities by constructing three-dimensional probability density maps of non-covalent interacting atoms on the protein surfaces. The interacting probabilities were derived from the interior of known structures. Machine learning algorithms were applied to learn the characteristic patterns of the probability density maps specific to the PPI sites. The trained predictors for PPI sites were cross-validated with the training cases (consisting of 432 proteins) and were tested on an independent dataset (consisting of 142 proteins). The residue-based Matthews correlation coefficient for the independent test set was 0.423; the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity were 0.753, 0.519, 0.677, and 0.779 respectively. The benchmark results indicate that the optimized machine learning models are among the best predictors in identifying PPI sites on protein surfaces. In particular, the PPI site prediction accuracy increases with increasing size of the PPI site and with increasing hydrophobicity in amino acid composition of the PPI interface; the core interface regions are more likely to be recognized with high prediction confidence. The results indicate that the physicochemical complementarity patterns on protein surfaces are important determinants in PPIs, and a substantial portion of the PPI sites can be predicted correctly with the physicochemical complementarity features based on the non-covalent interaction data derived from protein interiors.     

Mutant p53 disrupts role of ShcA protein in balancing Smad protein-dependent and -independent signaling activity of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)

Biomarkers are lacking for identifying the switch of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from tumor-suppressing to tumor-promoting. Mutated p53 (mp53) has been suggested to switch TGF-β to a tumor promoter. However, we found that mp53 does not always promote the oncogenic role of TGF-β. Here, we show that endogenous mp53 knockdown enhanced cell migration and phosphorylation of ERK in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of mp53 in p53-null PC-3 prostate cancer cells enhanced Smad-dependent signaling but inhibited TGF-β-induced cell migration by down-regulating activated ERK. Reactivation of ERK by the expression of its activator, MEK-1, restored TGF-β-induced cell migration. Because TGF-β is known to activate the MAPK/ERK pathway through direct phosphorylation of the adaptor protein ShcA and MAPK/ERK signaling is pivotal to tumor progression, we investigated whether ShcA contributed to mp53-induced ERK inhibition and the conversion of the role of TGF-β during carcinogenesis. We found that mp53 expression led to a decrease of phosphorylated p52ShcA/ERK levels and an increase of phosphorylated Smad levels in a panel of mp53-expressing cancer cell lines and in mammary glands and tumors from mp53 knock-in mice. By manipulating ShcA levels to regulate ERK and Smad signaling in human untransformed and cancer cell lines, we showed that the role of TGF-β in regulating anchorage-dependent and -independent growth and migration can be shifted between growth suppression and migration promotion. Thus, our results for the first time suggest that mp53 disrupts the role of ShcA in balancing the Smad-dependent and -independent signaling activity of TGF-β and that ShcA/ERK signaling is a major pathway regulating the tumor-promoting activity of TGF-β.     

基于生态足迹修正模型的江苏省海洋经济可持续发展分析

基于生态足迹的理论和方法,提出海洋生态足迹的概念,并根据江苏省海洋环境的特殊性,构建了渔业用海、交通运输用海、工程建筑用海、能源用海、滩涂5个海洋生态足迹子模型,采用改进熵值法确定5类用海的均衡因子,分析了2000-2008年江苏省海洋生态足迹和生态承载力.结果表明:2000-2008年间,江苏省人均海洋生态足迹增幅近7倍,从36.90 hm2上升到252.94 hm2;人均生态承载力从105.01 hm2增至185.49 hm2,呈平稳增长态势;2000年,江苏省海洋环境处于生态盈余状态,海洋经济呈弱可持续发展状态,2004年,海洋生态环境急剧恶化,生态赤字高达109660.5 hm2,海洋经济可持续能力下降.渔业用海的高生态足迹是造成江苏省海洋生态赤字的主要原因,滩涂是维持江苏省海洋经济可持续发展的重要后备资源.     

气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化V.宁夏农业气候资源变化特征

基于1961-2009年宁夏21个气象站点的气象资料,分析了宁夏各区农业气候资源的时空变化趋势.结果表明:研究期间,宁夏各地气温逐渐升高,呈北高南低的空间分布特征,年均气温的气候倾向率为0.4℃·(10 a)-1;大部分地区年降水量呈逐渐减少趋势,年降水量的气候倾向率为4.26 mm·(10 a)-1;无霜期和作物生长季天数随着气候变暖逐渐延长;≥10℃积温在3200℃·d以上的区域向南扩展,宁夏适宜种植中晚熟水稻的区域有所扩大;2001-2009年,宁夏大部分地区适宜种植冬小麦,全区各地几乎都适宜种植春小麦;宁夏南部山区各地7月平均气温≤20℃的区域面积逐渐缩小,适宜种植马铃薯的地域也随之缩小.     

玉米矮花叶病毒CP基因dsRNA的原核表达与分离

根据玉米矮花叶病毒CP基因序列设计特异性引物,RT-PCR扩增玉米矮花叶病毒CP基因特异性干涉片段,将干涉片段及pUCCRNAi载体分别用BamH I及Sal I双酶切,然后将干涉片段分别正反向插入pUC- CRNAi载体中,构建CP基因反向重复克隆载体pUCCRNAi+2 F.再利用Pst I-Sal I位点插入到L...     

Optical Properties of Noncontinuous Gold Shell Engineered on Silica Mesosphere

The optical properties of individual noncontinuous shells with different gold coverage are investigated by the single-particle dark field scattering measurements and single-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements at different excitation wavelengths. By controlling the growth of gold seeds, multi-metallic nanogaps/crevices with different optical responses are assembled on silica mesospheres forming noncontinuous shells that can be confirmed through the transmission electron microscope images. We find the surface plasmon resonance of single shell red-shifts from 510 to 680 nm with the increase of gold coverage. At the excitation of 532 and 785 nm, the best enhancements about 2.0?×?10⁵ and 1.1?×?10⁷ are obtained on spheres with ～60 and 83 % gold coverage, respectively. The weak polarization-dependent SERS indicates that the enhancement is from the multi-gaps on single noncontinuous shell. This optical tunable and SERS active noncontinuous gold shell can be applied in biosensing, ultra trace detection, and molecule analysis needing multi-wavelengths excitation.     

应用一元线性模型理论确定立地条件主导因子——朝阳低山丘陵区农田防护林立地条件类型的划分

本文用一元线性模型理论分析了辽宁西部朝阳、建平、喀左和北票(市)4县17个乡范围内的农田防护林主要树种——杨树(Populus spp.)、白榆(Ulumus pumila)的优势高与地形地貌、土壤肥力等立地条件因子的关系,确定地貌类型、坡位和土层厚度是本区农田防护林立地条件的主导因子,然后以地貌类型为单元将本区农田防护林的立地条件划分为3个大类型。在此基础上,再用坡位和土层厚度分级与3个大类型组合细分为6个基本类型。最后确定各立地条件类型的适宜树种,并定量地评价主要树种对各立地条件类型的适宜性。     

稻田蜘蛛与飞虱制约关系及其利用

1972—1991年间,我们对稻田蜘蛛及其相关害虫—褐稻虱进行了较为系统的调查研究。本文主要论述稻田蜘蛛种类多,发生量大,繁殖力强.与稻飞虱的季节消长、生态分布、变态类型相一致,彼此制约关系明显,有良好的保护利用价值。创造有利于蜘蛛发生发展的环境,合理施用化学农药,既是保护利用蜘蛛的有效途径,又可保护飞虱的其它天敌,发挥多种天敌联合控制飞虱的作用,在经济、生态与社会三方面都可收到显著效益。