Spred2 Modulates the Erythroid Differentiation Induced by Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Differentiation induction is currently considered as an alternative strategy for treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Our previous work has demonstrated that Sprouty-related EVH1 domainprotein2 (Spred2) was involved in imatinib mediated cytotoxicity in CML cells. However, its roles in growth and lineage differentiation of CML cells remain unknown. In this study, we found that CML CD34⁺ cells expressed lower level of Spred2 compared with normal hematopoietic progenitor cells, and adenovirus mediated restoration of Spred2 promoted the erythroid differentiation of CML cells. Imatinib could induce Spred2 expression and enhance erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. However, the imatinib induced erythroid differentiation could be blocked by Spred2 silence using lentiviral vector PLKO.1-shSpred2. Spred2 interference activated phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) and inhibited erythroid differentiation, while ERK inhibitor, PD98059, could restore the erythroid differentiation, suggesting Spred2 regulated the erythroid differentiation partly through ERK signaling. Furthermore, Spred2 interference partly restored p-ERK level leading to inhibition of erythroid differentiation in imatinib treated K562 cells. In conclusion, Spred2 was involved in erythroid differentiation of CML cells and participated in imatinib induced erythroid differentiation partly through ERK signaling.     

雌激素Beta受体在大鼠脑内表达的免疫组化定位研究

为了探讨雌激素作用于神经系统的机理,采用硫酸镍铵增强显色的免疫组化SP法研究了新的雌激素受体(ER-β)在成年雌雄大鼠脑内的分布。研究证实ER-β免疫阳性物质主要位于神经元的细胞核内,但在个别脑区也可在胞浆甚至突起内检测到。最强的ER-β免疫阳性信号见于前嗅核、大脑皮质、小脑浦肯野细胞、斜角带垂直部、蓝斑和三叉神经运动核等部位;中等强度的染色见于隔内侧核、杏仁外侧核、黑质、中央灰质等部位;较弱的阳性反应见于下丘脑与杏仁复合体的部分核团。在一些部位还存在表达水平甚至细胞内定位模式的性别差异,如前庭上核内的表达只见于雌性;雄性大鼠三叉神经运动核内ER-β蛋白主要表达于胞浆内,细胞核为阴性;而在雌性大鼠该部位ER-β蛋白主要位于细胞核等。以上结果表明ER-β蛋白在大鼠脑内分布广泛并具有一定的性别差异,在与学习记忆有关的脑区如大脑皮质和基底前脑内有很高的表达,提示在脑组织内雌激素可能通过ER-β这一新的信号途径发挥多种重要的调控作用,如学习记忆等。     

细胞培养物中污染支原体的去除

经小鼠体内、体外加用不同的抗菌素处理及克隆的方法处理细胞污染的支原体,三株细胞经两次、一株细胞经三次处理后,经培养法、ＤＮＡ染色法及ＰＣＲ法检查支原体污染均为阴性,并证明对其抗体分泌没有任何影响,不失为一个理想的去除支原体的方法,从而使有重要应用价值的支原体污染细胞的应用成为可能。     

Hdac2 regulates the cardiac hypertrophic response by modulating Gsk3 beta activity

In the adult heart, a variety of stresses induce re-expression of a fetal gene program in association with myocyte hypertrophy and heart failure. Here we show that histone deacetylase-2 (Hdac2) regulates expression of many fetal cardiac isoforms. Hdac2 deficiency or chemical histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition prevented the re-expression of fetal genes and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in hearts exposed to hypertrophic stimuli. Resistance to hypertrophy was associated with increased expression of the gene encoding inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase f (Inpp5f) resulting in constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (Gsk3beta) via inactivation of thymoma viral proto-oncogene (Akt) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (Pdk1). In contrast, Hdac2 transgenic mice had augmented hypertrophy associated with inactivated Gsk3beta. Chemical inhibition of activated Gsk3beta allowed Hdac2-deficient adults to become sensitive to hypertrophic stimulation. These results suggest that Hdac2 is an important molecular target of HDAC inhibitors in the heart and that Hdac2 and Gsk3beta are components of a regulatory pathway providing an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.     

小RNA病毒和小DNA病毒的三维结构模型

本文综述了小RNA病毒和小DNA病毒的主要结构特征,绘制出了它们的三维结构模型,从中找出了两者间的共同点和差异,为进一步研究两种病毒提供了依据。     

涡虫在研究药物成瘾机制中的应用

药物成瘾危害人类健康并带来经济和社会问题,而滥用药物所造成的身体损害、身体依赖和戒断综合征的治疗等问题的解决仍存在困难.涡虫具有原始的中枢神经系统,其神经递质系统与哺乳类相似,具有易观察可量化的戒断反应,具有易饲养、低成本、无伦理问题等优于哺乳类实验动物的特点,因而迅速成为新的神经药理学在体动物实验模型.本文对涡虫的优点及其在药物成瘾机制等方面的研究进展进行综述,为药物成瘾机制及其治疗的研究提供新的思路.     

A novel membrane based process to isolate photosystem-I membrane complex from spinach

The isolation of photosystem-I (PS-I) from spinach has been conducted using ultrafiltration with 300 kDa molecular weight cut-off polyethersulfone membranes. The effects of ultrafiltration operating conditions on PS-I activity were optimized using parameter scanning ultrafiltration. These conditions included solution pH, ionic strength, stirring speed, and permeate flux. The effects of detergent (Triton X-100 and n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside) concentration on time dependent activity of PS-I were also studied using an O₂ electrode. Under optimized conditions, the PS-I purity obtained in the retentate was about 84% and the activity recovery was greater than 94% after ultrafiltration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of a membrane protein using ultrafiltration alone.     

Enhanced Biological Hydrogen Production from Escherichia coli with Surface Precipitated Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles

The precipitation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles is induced on the surface of Escherichia coli , and the biological hydrogen production efficiency under visible light (VL) irradiation is investigated. When endogenous [Ni–Fe]‐hydrogenase is anaerobically induced, an additional 400 µmol of hydrogen gas is generated within 3 h from the hybrid system suspension (50 mL) under VL irradiation (2000 W m^?2), corresponding to an increase in hydrogen production of ≈30%. The apparent quantum efficiencies of the hybrid system under 470 and 620 nm VL irradiation are 7.93% and 9.59%, respectively, which are higher than those of many photoheterotrophic bacteria. Furthermore, the mechanism of the enhanced hydrogen evolution is investigated. The interaction between photogenerated electrons and cells of E. coli is confirmed by heat‐treatment, electron‐scavenger, and separation studies. The acceleration of pyruvate generation, inhibition of lactate fermentation, increase of formate concentration, stimulation of hydrogenase activity, and elevation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)H/NAD ratio in the hybrid system are responsible for the enhanced hydrogen production. A feasibility study is also conducted using wastewater and natural sunlight for the hydrogen production by the hybrid system. An additional 120 µmol of hydrogen is generated from the hybrid system within 3 h under these conditions using natural resources.     

铁皮石斛和重唇石斛及其杂交子代花的挥发性成分分析北大核心CSCD

为阐明铁皮石斛和重唇石斛及其杂交后代14L-3、14L-6、14L-7和14L-9花挥发性成分的变化,采用静态顶空气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对石斛花进行检测。结果表明,从石斛花中检测出81种挥发性成分,包括烯、酮、醛、烷几大类,铁皮石斛、重唇石斛、14L-3、14L-6、14L-7和14L-9分别有23、12、21、33、23和35种。铁皮石斛花的主成分是α-蒎烯,重唇石斛花是2-十五烷酮,4个子代花中均含有这2种来自亲本的特征成分,α-蒎烯是子代共同的主成分。亲本和子代石斛花共有成分是正己醛。子代14L-3、14L-6、14L-9均与母本铁皮石斛相似性高,相似性以14L-3>14L-6>14L-9,与父本差异性大。14L-7与亲本相似度最均衡。这为石斛育种研究提供了指导。     

基于细胞三维培养的气道平滑肌细胞收缩效应检测方法的建立与应用

气道平滑肌细胞(airway smooth muscle cells,ASMCs)是引起哮喘患者气道收缩狭窄、呼吸阻力增加的主要效应细胞。ASMCs收缩效应检测是研究哮喘病理生理机制、评估或研发新的支气管舒张药物的重要实验依据。而常用的活体组织张力检测以及单层培养ASMCs显微镜形态观察等方法存在样品取材或测量误差等问题。该研究利用胶原蛋白凝胶构建气道平滑肌细胞的三维立体培养模型,将凝胶与培养孔壁分离,在不同的时间点记录细胞收缩力作用下凝胶面积的变化值,以此反映ASMCs的收缩效应。结果显示,0.1,1,10 mmol/L的乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,Ach)刺激后,凝胶面积均显著缩小,随着剂量增加ASMCs的收缩反应增强。提前加入肌球蛋白ATP酶抑制剂BDM(butanedione monoxime),能明显抑制Ach诱导的ASMCs收缩反应,说明该方法的可重复性和准确性好。