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71.
Insulin-like growth factors: Putative muscle-derived trophic agents that promote motoneuron survival
Nicola T. Neff David Prevette Lucien J. Houenou Michael E. Lewis Marcie A. Glicksman Qin-Wei Yin Ronald W. Oppenheim 《Developmental neurobiology》1993,24(12):1578-1588
Treatment of chick embryos in ovo with IGF-I during the period of normal, developmentally regulated neuronal death (embryonic days 5–10) resulted in a dose-dependent rescue of a significant number of lumbar motoneurons from degeneration and death. IGF-II and two variants of IGF-I with reduced affinity for IGF binding proteins, des(1-3) IGF-I and long R3 IGF-I, also elicited enhanced survival of motoneurons equal to that seen in IGF-I-treated embryos. IGF-I did not enhance mitogenic activity in motoneuronal populations when applied to embryos during the period of normal neuronal proliferation (E2-5). Treatment of embryos with IGF-I also reduced two types of injury-induced neuronal death. Following either deafferentation or axotomy, treatment of embryos with IGF-I rescued approximately 75% and 50%, respectively, of the motoneurons that die in control embryos as a result of these procedures. Consistent with the survival-promoting activity on motoneurons in ovo, IGF-I, -II, and des(1-3) IGF-I elevated choline acetyltransferase activity in embryonic rat spinal cord cultures, with des (1-3) IGF-I demonstrating 2.5 times greater potency than did IGF-I. A single addition of IGF-I at culture initiation resulted in the maintenance of 80% of the initial ChAT activity for up to 5 days, during which time ChAT activity in untreated control cultures fell to 9%. In summary, these results demonstrate clear motoneuronal trophic activity for the IGFs. These findings, together with previous reports that IGFs are synthesized in muscle and may participate in motoneuron axonal regeneration and sprouting, indicate that these growth factors may have an important role in motoneuron development, maintenance, and recovery from injury. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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73.
Ye Wang Yong-Hui Xie Qin-Hong Jiang Hong-Tao Chen Rui-Hao Ma Zhi-Jiang Wang Mei-Zhen Yin Jie Shen Shuo Yan 《Insect Science》2023,30(1):2-14
The unscientific application of synthetic pesticides has brought various negative effects on the environment, hindering the sustainable development of agriculture. Nanoparticles can be applied as carriers to improve pesticide delivery, showing great potential in the development of pesticide formulation in recent years. Herein, a star polymer (SPc) was constructed as an efficient pesticide nanocarrier/adjuvant that could spontaneously assemble with thiocyclam or monosultap into a complex, through hydrophobic association and hydrogen bonding, respectively, with the pesticide-loading contents of 42.54% and 19.3%. This complexation reduced the particle sizes of thiocyclam from 543.54 to 52.74 nm for pure thiocyclam, and 3 814.16 to 1 185.89 nm for commercial preparation (cp) of thiocyclam. Interestingly, the introduction of SPc decreased the contact angles of both pure and cp thiocyclam on plant leaves, and increased the plant uptake of cp thiocyclam to 2.4–1.9 times of that without SPc. Meanwhile, the SPc could promote the bioactivity of pure/cp thiocyclam against green peach aphids through leaf dipping method and root application. For leaf dipping method, the 50% lethal concentration decreased from 0.532 to 0.221 g/L after the complexation of pure thiocyclam with SPc, and that decreased from 0.390 to 0.251 g/L for cp thiocyclam. SPc seems a promising adjuvant for nanometerization of both pure and cp insecticides, which is beneficial for improving the delivery efficiency and utilization rate of pesticides. 相似文献
74.
Gui-Lin Wu De-Xiang Chen Zhang Zhou Qing Ye Andrés Baselga Hui Liu Yin Wen Shou-Qian Nong 《植物分类学报:英文版》2023,61(4):698-708
Diversification rates are critically important for understanding patterns of species richness among clades. However, the effects of climatic niche width on plant diversification rates remain to be elucidated. Based on the phylogenetic, climatic, and distributional information of angiosperms in China, a total of 26 906 species from 182 families were included in this study. We aimed to test relationships between diversification rate and climatic niche width and climatic niche width related variables (including climatic niche divergence, climatic niche position, geographic extent, and climatic niche evolutionary rate) using phylogenetic methods. We found that climatic niche divergence had the largest unique contribution to the diversification rate, while the unique effects of climatic niche width, climatic niche position, geographic extent, and climatic niche evolutionary rate on the diversification rate were negligible. We also observed that the relationship between diversification rate and climatic niche divergence was significantly stronger than the null assumption (artefactual relationship between diversification and clade-level climatic niche width by sampling more species). Our study supports the hypothesis that wider family climatic niche widths explain faster diversification rates through a higher climatic niche divergence rather than through higher geographic extent, higher climatic niche evolutionary rate, or separated climatic niche position. Hence, the results provide a potential explanation for large-scale diversity patterns within families of plants. 相似文献
75.
Shu-Mei Jiang Long Zhang Jun Hu Rui Shi Guang-He Zhou Yu-Hong Chen Wei-Bo Yin Richard R-C Wang Zan-Min Hu 《Génome》2004,47(6):1114-1121
The alien addition line TAI-27 contains a pair of chromosomes of Thinopyrum intermedium that carry resistance against barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). A subtractive library was constructed using the leaves of TAI-27, which were infected by Schizaphis graminum carrying the GAV strain of BYDV, and the control at the three-leaf stage. Nine differentially expressed genes were identified from 100 randomly picked clones and sequenced. Two of the nine clones were highly homologous with known genes. Of the remaining seven cDNA clones, five clones matched with known expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from wheat and (or) barley whereas the other two clones were unknown. Five of the nine differentially expressed sequences (WTJ9, WTJ11, WTJ15, WTJ19, and WTJ32) were highly homologous (identities >94%) with ESTs from wheat or barley challenged with pathogens. These five sequences and another one (WTJ18) were also highly homologous (identities >86%) with abiotic stress induced ESTs in wheat or barley. Reverse Northern hybridization showed that seven of the nine differentially expressed cDNA sequences hybridized with cDNA of T. intermedium infected by BYDV. Three of these also hybridized with cDNA of line 3B-2 (a parent of TAI-27) infected by BYDV. The alien chromosome in TAI-27 was microdissected. The second round linker adaptor mediated PCR products of the alien chromosomal DNA were labeled with digoxygenin and used as the probe to hybridize with the nine differentially expressed genes. The analysis showed that seven differentially expressed genes were homologous with the alien chromosome of TAI-27. These seven differentially expressed sequences could be used as ESTs of the alien chromosome of TAI-27. This research laid the foundation for screening and cloning of new specific functional genes conferring resistance to BYDV and probably other pathogens. 相似文献
76.
本文对华北地区蓟属CirsiumAdans.16种植物的甲醇提取液紫外吸收光谱(UV)进行了比较研究。结果表明,蓟属植物的叶较其它部位的UV具有较好的稳定性和代表性,其光谱的特征可以作为属下分类的重要依据,其化学分类结果与形态分类基本一致。根据光谱特征,结合形态学及有关的细胞学和同工酶方面的资料,重新确立了Sect.Pseudo-Eriolepis(Nakai)Kitam.和C.segetumBge.的组级和种级地位,最后,作者进一步讨论了光谱特征在化学分类中的意义。 相似文献
77.
78.
渗透胁迫对高粱根K~+吸收的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以CaSO40.5mmolL-1溶液培养高粱得到低钾植株,在渗透胁迫下当PEG-1000使外界渗透势下降时,刺激了高粱根高K+亲和系统的净K+积累,其表观Km值和Tmax值分别为18μmolL-1和49.6μmolg-1DWh-1。此高亲和系统不受可渗物质乙二醇和外界pH变化的影响,为蛋白质合成抑制剂环己酰亚胺抑制。 相似文献
79.
80.
为了解决高氧预适应(HyperoxicpreconditioningHOP)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时自由基的影响,本实验将实验组大鼠放入高压氧舱内,每日吸80-85%氧气(1atm)6h,连续7d。利用Langendorf装置做成心肌缺血再灌注模型,采用电子自旋共振技术测定自由基含量。实验动物随机分为二组,第一组为对照组:缺血10min,再灌注60min。第二组为HOP组:缺血10min,再灌注60min。实验观察冠脉回流液中自由基PBN加合物含量。结果表明:在再灌注过程中,1、5、10min3个时间点,HOP组PBN加合物含量较对照组明显减少。提示:HOP能减少缺血再灌注时自由基的产生。 相似文献