海南红厚壳花香气成分采集和TCT-GC-MS分析

用鲜花循环式动态顶空技术采集红厚壳鲜花的香气成分,TCT-GC-MS联用技术分析鉴定。4-羟基-2-丁酮,双烯酮,1、2-环氧-2-甲基丁烷,1、2-环氧-3-甲基丁烷,2-乙基戊烷,3-己醇,甲基环戊烷,2-丁醇等24个成分被检测出,占总离子流出峰面积的90.28%。并对结果进行了分析讨论。     

Role of Bacterial Communities in the Natural Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani Bare Patch Disease of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Rhizoctonia bare patch and root rot disease of wheat, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8, develops as distinct patches of stunted plants and limits the yield of direct-seeded (no-till) wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. At the site of a long-term cropping systems study near Ritzville, WA, a decline in Rhizoctonia patch disease was observed over an 11-year period. Bacterial communities from bulk and rhizosphere soil of plants from inside the patches, outside the patches, and recovered patches were analyzed by using pyrosequencing with primers designed for 16S rRNA. Taxa in the class Acidobacteria and the genus Gemmatimonas were found at higher frequencies in the rhizosphere of healthy plants outside the patches than in that of diseased plants from inside the patches. Dyella and Acidobacteria subgroup Gp7 were found at higher frequencies in recovered patches. Chitinophaga, Pedobacter, Oxalobacteriaceae (Duganella and Massilia), and Chyseobacterium were found at higher frequencies in the rhizosphere of diseased plants from inside the patches. For selected taxa, trends were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and observed shifts of frequencies in the rhizosphere over time were duplicated in cycling experiments in the greenhouse that involved successive plantings of wheat in Rhizoctonia-inoculated soil. Chryseobacterium soldanellicola was isolated from the rhizosphere inside the patches and exhibited significant antagonism against R. solani AG-8 in vitro and in greenhouse tests. In conclusion, we identified novel bacterial taxa that respond to conditions affecting bare patch disease symptoms and that may be involved in suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot and bare batch disease.     

流式细胞术在富营养淡水湖泊微型浮游植物细胞中的应用

应用流式细胞术(FCM)对一个富营养化淡水湖泊表、底层微型浮游植物细胞进行了初步研究。研究结果表明：流式细胞术可快速、多参数区分3种不同类群微型浮游植物。微型浮游植物细胞在表、底层占50μm以下微型颗粒物数量比例分别为21．08％、17．87％,在不同水层,微型浮游植物的优势类群及数量也不同。流式细胞术大大提高了淡水微型浮游生物研究监测水平。     

运用酶切自连法分析鉴定肺炎链球菌体内诱导基因

肺炎链球菌是严重侵袭性感染和上呼吸道感染最重要的条件致病菌之一,分析鉴定体内诱导基因序列变得尤为重要。本研究利用酶切自连法成功从129个体内诱导表达的肺炎链球菌中获得13个融合重组自杀质粒,通过与肺炎链球菌株TIGR4基因组序列的同源性比对,共得到10个不同的体内诱导基因,其中8个是从血液中筛选出的,另2个为从肺组织中筛选出;通过分析得到18个开放阅读框,其中大部分为已知功能基因,参与细菌多种生命活动,有2个为未知功能基因,编码假想蛋白。可见,酶切自连法可有效用于筛选基因的分析鉴定。     

Effects of Polyamines and Kinetin on In Vitro Frond Senescence in Lemna aequinoctialis 6746

Both polyamines and kinetin could retard the loss of chlorophyll during dark-induced senescence in excised frond of Lernna aequinoctialis 6746. The effect of polyamines on retarding the chlorophyll loss was stronger than that of kinetin. Kinetin remarkably inhibited the loss of soluble proteins and the increase of protease activity, while no similar effects were observed from polyamines. An inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, methylglyoxal bis- (guanyl- hydrazone) (MGBG), slightly increased the loss of chlorophyll and soluble proteins. During senescience, both the increase of putrescine (Put) content and the decrease of spermidine (Spd) content were inhibited by kinetin at the concentration of 0.05 mmol/L, but the spermine (Spm) level was not affected by kinetin. The arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity was dominant in frond of Lemna aequinoctialis 6746. Kinetin slightly increased ADC activity, while it had no marked effect on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC). The possible relationship between polyamines and cytokinins in retarding senescence was also discussed.     

Analysis of genetic diversity in the endangered Hucho taimen from China

Hucho taimen are listed as endangered in China. The population size has declined recently, prompting an increase in the level of listing from grade three in 2002 to grade five in 2006. We analyzed the genetic diversity of wild populations using 17 microsatellite markers to establish a scientific basis for conservation of this species. We collected tissue samples from four populations in the Heilongjiang River basin: Huma River (HM), Hutou (HT), Haiqing (HQ), and Zhuaji (ZJ). A total of 21 loci were amplified, 18 of which were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9 (mean: 4.1905). There were 13 highly polymorphic loci and 5 moderately polymorphic loci. Analysis of five genetic diversity parameters (Na, Ne, Ho, He, and PIC) suggested moderate levels of diversity within the populations. The populations were ranked HT > HQ > ZJ > HM, but the differences in diversity were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A comparison of variation among all four populations suggested Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium at 20% of the loci. Genetic differentiation (Fst) was 0.0644 and the gene flow among populations was estimated at 3.36 individuals per generation. The majority of diversity (93.88%) occurred among individuals within a population. In contrast, relatively little (6.12%) of the genetic diversity was distributed between the populations. An analysis of genetic differentiation and genetic distance between pairs of populations revealed that both parameters were higher in comparisons of the HM population to the HT, HQ, and ZJ populations than among the three latter populations. This suggests that the HM population has a distinct genetic structure. We hypothesize that habitat degradation and excessive fishing, not low genetic diversity, has caused the decline in H. taimen populations. However, this species should be protected from further declines in genetic diversity.     

丽江市家庭能耗碳排放特征及影响因素

现代社会中人类活动对碳排放的影响日益显著.家庭作为人类社会的基本单元,其消费活动产生的碳排放是全社会碳排放的重要组成部分.通过对丽江市农村和市区家庭生活用能的调查数据进行分析,发现农村家庭生活用能以木柴为主,沼气和电为辅;市区家庭的生活用能以电为主,其次是液化气和蜂窝煤.从碳排放构成来看,农村地区木柴消费为家庭能源碳排放的主要来源,占总碳排的83.6％;市区电力消费为家庭能源碳排放的主要来源,占总碳排的88.4％.农村地区家庭的碳排放远高于市区家庭,主要原因是木柴的碳排放因子(1.87 kg CO2/kg)远高于电能的边际排放因子(0.7134 kg CO2·kW-1·h-1).从各影响因素与家庭主要能源消费碳排放的回归结果来看,在农村地区,家庭规模、家庭收入、教育水平均对家庭木柴消费碳排放有显著的影响,但影响方向和程度有一定的差别;在市区,年龄结构、教育水平、家庭规模、住房面积均会不同程度增加家庭电能消费碳排放.建议政府在完善“家电下乡”政策、增加农村家庭收入、加强农村居民教育等方面加大投入力度,以减少丽江市整体的家庭能耗碳排放.     

基于LULUCF温室气体清单编制的浙江省杉木林生物量换算因子

以杉木林为研究对象,在12个县市选取浙江省2009年CFI体系的95个杉木林样地,根据样地平均木,在样地外围相似地段确定解析木共计95株,联立树高曲线方程和生物量模型,同时使用已公开发表的20个杉木生物量模型进行估算,由单株累加获得CFI系统样地的生物量,计算样地生物量与蓄积之比即BEF,建立BEF与林分蓄积之间的关系.根据2009年浙江省CFI体系数据,推算全省杉木林BEF为0.7453t/m3,杉木林总生物量为3721.54万t,不确定性为5.739％;使用IPCC(1996)的碳密度缺省值(0.50)计,生长1 m3杉木吸收CO2 1.3663 t.     

蛋白质交联的研究进展

蛋白质共价交联不但存在于一些生理过程 ,还与一些神经性疾病的发病机理相关。本文综述国内外 3种观点 ,阐述蛋白质由功能体 /单体转变成交联的二聚体 /多聚体的分子机理