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991.
β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) is the major whey protein in the milk. In order to investigate the polymorphism of β-LG variant B precursor
(β-LG B*: GenBank accession no. DQ489319) gene and its effects on the milk traits, the single-strand conformation polymorphism
method (PCR-SSCP) were adopted to analyze polymorphism between 5229th and 5476th bp in the β-LG B* gene in Chinese Holstein.
Four genotypes were found (AA, AB, AC and ABC) and 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected (g.5239C>A, g.5240A>C,
g.5305C>T and mix type g.5305C/T) in the exon 4 of β-LG B* gene. It was also found that the protein contents of AB, AC and
ABC dairy cows were higher than AA (P < 0.05), and AC cows were the highest among them. Three SNPs (g.5239C>A, g.5240A>C and g.5305C>T) might affect the milk trait
and all of them were high polymorphism (0.5 < PIC < 1.0). In further researches, the three SNPs also caused amino acid change
(Asp>Glu, Thr>Pro and Ala>Val) respectively, and the spatial secondary and tertiary structure forecasting result also showed
that single amino acid change influence protein spatial structure change in Chinese Holstein. Taken together, it is suggested
that these SNPs change β-LG B* gene structure and expression. The polymorphism possibly holds the secret of milk protein and
fat contents in the milk of Chinese Holstein. 相似文献
992.
Cheng J Li N Cai J Cheng Z Hu R Zhang Q Wan F Sun Q Gui S Sang X Wang L Hong F 《Biological trace element research》2012,145(3):361-368
Due to increasing applications of lanthanides (Ln) in industry and daily life, numerous studies confirmed that Ln exposure may result in organ damages in mice and rats, while very few studies focused on several organs damages simultaneously. In order to compare the toxicity of Ln on organs, mice were exposed to LaCl(3), CeCl(3), and NdCl(3) of a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for consecutive 60 days, respectively, then histopathological changes of liver, kidney, and heart, and their function were investigated. The results showed that long-term exposure to Ln caused cell necrosis and basophilia of liver, ambiguity of renal tubule architecture, congestion of blood vessel and capillary of kidney, and heart hemorrhage. The histopathological changes of liver, kidney, and heart in mice caused by Ce(3+) was most severe; the effect by Nd(3+) was slighter than Ce(3+) but more severe than La(3+). The assay of serum biochemical parameters suggested that Ln exposure severely impaired the functions of liver, kidney, and myocardium in mice. These findings suggested that long-term exposure to Ln resulted in histopathological changes of liver, kidney, and heart, and their function damages. Therefore, we thought that long-term application of the products containing Ln on human should be cautious. 相似文献
993.
Huang C Jin H Song B Zhu X Zhao H Cai J Lu Y Chen B Lin Y 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2012,93(2):777-785
Alterporriol L, a new bianthraquinone derivative, was isolated from a marine fungus Alternaria sp. ZJ9-6B. The cytotoxic activity and anticancer mechanisms of alterporriol L towards breast cancer cells lines were detected
using MTT assay, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Simultaneously, the changes in morphological properties of cells
were detected before and after treatment with alterporriol L by atomic force microscope (AFM) at a nanometer scale. MTT assay
showed that alterporriol L could effectively inhibit the growth and proliferation, and there was a dose-dependent manner of
cell death. Moreover, the alterporriol L could induce cancer cell apoptosis or necrosis. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen
species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytosolic free calcium level were changed after treatment with alterporriol
L, suggesting that alterporriol L played vital roles in breast cancer cells through destroying the mitochondrial. And all
these alterations are in accord with changes of morphology detected by AFM, which suggested that the AFM is a useful tool
to detect the morphological changes of the cancer cells. 相似文献
994.
Cross-linking of the IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells plays a critical role in IgE-dependent allergy, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, anaphylaxis, and immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. Previous studies have demonstrated that the K(+) channel, KCa3.1, plays a critical role in IgE-stimulated Ca(2+) entry and degranulation in both human and mouse mast cells. We now have shown that the class II phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase C2β (PI3KC2β) is necessary for FcεRI-stimulated activation of KCa3.1, Ca(2+) influx, cytokine production, and degranulation of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC). In addition, we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif containing protein 27 (TRIM27), negatively regulates FcεRI activation of KCa3.1 and downstream signaling by ubiquitinating and inhibiting PI3KC2β. TRIM27(-/-) mice are also more susceptible in vivo to acute anaphylaxis. These findings identify TRIM27 as an important negative regulator of mast cells in vivo and suggest that PI3KC2β is a potential new pharmacologic target to treat IgE-mediated disease. 相似文献
995.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor and plays an important role in promoting axonal growth from
dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Whether IGF-1 influences growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) expression and activates
the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways
in DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate (Glu) remains unknown. In this study, embryonic 15-day-old rat DRG
explants were cultured for 48 h and then exposed to IGF-1, Glu, Glu + IGF-1, Glu + IGF-1 + PD98059, Glu + IGF-1 + LY294002,
Glu + IGF-1 + PD98059 + LY294002 for additional 12 h. The DRG explants were continuously exposed to growth media as control.
The levels of GAP-43 mRNA were detected by real time-PCR analysis. The protein levels of GAP-43, phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated
Akt, total ERK1/2, and total Akt were detected by Western blot assay. GAP-43 expression in situ was determined by immunofluorescent
labeling. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by Hoechst 33342 staining. IGF-1 alone increased GAP-43 and its mRNA levels in
the absence of Glu. The decreased GAP-43 and its mRNA levels caused by Glu could be partially reversed by the presence of
IGF-1. IGF-1 rescued neuronal cell death caused by Glu. Neither the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 nor the PI3K inhibitor LY294002
blocked the effect of IGF-1, but both inhibitors together were effective. To validate the impact of GAP-43 expression by IGF-1,
GAP-43 induction was blocked by administration of dexamethasone (DEX). IGF-1 partially rescued the decrease of GAP-43 and
its mRNA levels induced by DEX. DEX induced an increase of cell apoptosis. IGF-1 may play an important role in neuroprotective
effects on DRG neurons through regulating GAP-43 expression with excitotoxicity induced by Glu and the process was involved
in both ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. 相似文献
996.
997.
Previous research has identified METCAM/MUC18, an integral membrane cell adhesion molecule (CAM) in the Ig-like gene super-family, as a promoter or a suppressor in the development of human breast cancer by MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. To resolve these conflicting results we have investigated the role of this CAM in the progression of the three aforementioned cell lines plus one additional human breast cancer cell line, SK-BR-3. We transfected the SK-BR-3 cells with human METCAM/MUC18 cDNA to obtain G418-resistant clones, which expressed different levels of the protein and which were used to test the effect of human METCAM/MUC18 expression on in vitro motility, invasiveness, anchorage-independent colony formation in soft agar, disorganized growth in a 3D basement membrane culture assay, and in vivo tumorigenesis in athymic nude mice. Enforced METCAM/MUC18 expression increased in vitro motility, invasiveness, and anchorage-independent colony formation of SK-BR-3 cells and favored disorganized growth of the cells in 3D basement membrane culture. Enforced expression also increased tumorigenicity and final tumor weights of SK-BR-3 clones/cells after subcutaneous injection of the cells under the left third nipple of female athymic nude mice. To understand the mechanisms, we also determined the expression of several downstream key effectors in the tumors. Tumor cells from METCAM/MUC18 expressing clones exhibited elevated expression of an anti-apoptotic and survival index (Bcl2), an aerobic glycolysis index (LDH-A), and pro-angiogenesis indexes (VEGF and VAGFR2). We concluded that human METCAM/MUC18 promotes the development of breast cancer cells by increasing an anti-apoptosis and survival pathway and augmenting aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis. 相似文献
998.
999.
Single-cell exome sequencing reveals single-nucleotide mutation characteristics of a kidney tumor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xu X Hou Y Yin X Bao L Tang A Song L Li F Tsang S Wu K Wu H He W Zeng L Xing M Wu R Jiang H Liu X Cao D Guo G Hu X Gui Y Li Z Xie W Sun X Shi M Cai Z Wang B Zhong M Li J Lu Z Gu N Zhang X Goodman L Bolund L Wang J Yang H Kristiansen K Dean M Li Y Wang J 《Cell》2012,148(5):886-895
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common kidney cancer and has very few mutations that are shared between different patients. To better understand the intratumoral genetics underlying mutations of ccRCC, we carried out single-cell exome sequencing on a ccRCC tumor and its adjacent kidney tissue. Our data indicate that this tumor was unlikely to have resulted from mutations in VHL and PBRM1. Quantitative population genetic analysis indicates that the tumor did not contain any significant clonal subpopulations and also showed that mutations that had different allele frequencies within the population also had different mutation spectrums. Analyses of these data allowed us to delineate a detailed intratumoral genetic landscape at a single-cell level. Our pilot study demonstrates that ccRCC may be more genetically complex than previously thought and provides information that can lead to new ways to investigate individual tumors, with the aim of developing more effective cellular targeted therapies. 相似文献
1000.
Alteration of nutrient allocation and transporter genes expression in rice under N,P, K,and Mg deficiencies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jin?Cai Lu?Chen Hongye?Qu Juan?Lian Wei?Liu Yibing?Hu Guohua?XuEmail author 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2012,34(3):939-946
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) have essential physiological functions in plants. Their interactions
in plants are not fully understood especially at the molecular level. In this study, we detected the physiological and molecular
responses of rice plants at the vegetative growth phase to N, P, K, and Mg starvations. Deficiencies of N and P resulted in
accumulation of soluble sugar and starch in the leaves. The root to shoot ratio increased under N and P deficiencies, but
decreased under K and Mg deficiencies. In addition, deficiency of either K or Mg resulted in accumulation of the other cation
in shoots. Moreover, K starvation decreased both K and soluble sugar contents in the roots pronouncedly. RT-PCR analysis showed
that several sugar transporter genes in the leaves orchestrated with sugar accumulation induced by the nutrient shortages.
Expression of a high affinity K transporter gene (OsHAK1) and a putative Mg transporter gene (OsMGT) showed opposite down- and up-regulation in the roots by K starvation. These findings suggest that deficiencies of the major
nutrients suppressed the export of carbohydrates from source leaves. The regulated sugar and nutrient transporter genes investigated
in this study could be used for elucidating the molecular mechanism of plants in their adaptation to varied nutrient supply. 相似文献