气孔下腔间的水汽扩散

本文把气孔及其下腔看作截面为椭圆形的柱形区域,提出一个水汽从气孔下腔内所有细胞表面扩散到气孔外端的三维扩散模型。根据 Fick 定律和质量守恒定律建立了支配该模型的水汽扩散方程。用有限差分法,借助于计算机求得水汽从气孔下腔的所有细胞表面扩散到气孔内端所遇到的阻力及其近似表达式。并从理论上对该阻力的倒数——导度随气孔面积而变化的方式做了分析和解释。通过将本模型求得的气孔下腔阻力计算公式与 Brown 等以及 Cooke 的公式比较,发现在气孔开度变化相当大的范围内用后面两公式计算的阻力偏大0.5—1倍左右。此外,计算结果还表明:在气孔下腔水散失总量中,腔内表皮细胞表面上的水散失量占86—96%,而保卫细胞表面上的水散失量又占后者的88—93%,副卫细胞表面上的水散失量仅7—12%。     

清香桂碱D和矮陀陀胺碱A,B的结构

本文报道从国产清香桂(Sarcococca ruscifolta)和金丝矮陀陀(Pachysandra axillaria)植物中分得的三个胺碱型新甾体生物碱清香桂碱 D 和矮陀陀胺碱 A、B 的化学结构,并首次归属了它们的~(13)C NMR 数据。     

Changes in membrane polar lipids associated with bud break in apple induced by nitroguanidines

The predominant lipids in membranes obtained from apple buds were galacto- and phospholipids. The major galactolipid components in apple bud were monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride (DGDG). Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the major phospholipids in the apple buds. -Linolenic acid (C 18:3) was the major fatty acid in MGDG, DGDG, and PC. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the only lipid to contain significant amounts of palmitic acid (C 16:0) in the dormant buds. An increase in the galacto- and phospholipids and the ratio of the unsaturated fatty acids to the corresponding saturated fatty acids of the buds occurred as a result of induction by 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-nitroguanidine or 1-(-ethylbenzyl)-3-nitroguanidine during bud break. The identities of fatty acids in apple buds were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.     

蚕豆蚜种群动态与蚕豆生理变化的关系

本文以蚕豆和蚕豆蚜构成的人工种间关系系统为对象,研究了蚜虫种群动态和植物生理变化的关系。发现蚕豆生理应激过程能影响蚕豆蚜种群的生殖率、存活率等种群特征,从而调节其种群的动态。蚕豆还能传导放大昆虫种群自主调节的信息。蚜虫种群的适应过程,包括减小种群数量(低生殖率和迁移),降低对植物的胁迫,从而维持种间关系系统的持续发展。本文还初步将植物的生理应激过程与昆虫种群的动态过程相耦联,建立动态模型,对种间关系的发展趋势进行了分析和讨论。     

短尾猴（Macaca arctoides）和猕猴跟骨的功能形态研究

本文从形态描述和统计入手,对短尾猴(macaca arctoides)和猕猴的跟骨进行了比较研究。结果表明,所研究的跟骨变量无论数值大小还是几何图形结构都存在一定差异。特别是跟骨最大宽、跟长、后距骨连结面长、跟骨高度及相对跟长存在显著性差异水平。猕猴跟骨变量间的相关关系比短尾猴的表现得更为紧密。据其形态与功能的关系,我们认为:与猕猴相较,短尾猴更适应于地栖生活。这似乎与短尾猴具更大的体重有关。     

青海藏族青少年骨龄与生长发育关系研究

本文报告了青海省境内,世居在海拔3000-4000米地区的728名7-18岁健康藏族青少年学生的手、腕部骨骼发育情况,对骨化中心出现和骨骺愈合求出了50%出现年龄,并对骨龄与青春期身高突增的关系及与月经初衬潮的关系进行了分析。     

桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址第四纪孢粉分析

本文对桂林甑皮岩洞穴古人类遗址的文化层堆积物和钙华板系统采样进行孢粉分析研究,分析了当时的植被演替和气候变化、古人类的生活环境以及文化层和钙华板形成的地质时代。     

洪湖野菰及其化学成分分析

野菰(Zizania latifolia)是湖北省洪湖中优势水生维管束植物,其群落占全湖355平方公里面积的127平方公里。茎和叶的年生物量为4379克鲜重/平方米,全湖总年产量121700吨干重,目前未被利用。野菰各器官的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别以百分干重表示:根,7.0和4.76;根状茎,11.3和8.85;茎,9.5和7.15;嫩茎梢,22.4和16.53;叶,16.8和14.61。500克干叶的必需氨基酸含量接近100克干重草鱼幼鱼背肌的必需氨基酸含量。脂肪:叶中3.4～4.2,茎中2.2;粗纤维:叶中26.8～28,茎中24.2;灰分:叶中10.0,茎中5.8。菰茎含可溶性糖类30％以上,其中葡萄糖,果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖是主要成分。结果表明野菰是一种优质饲料。     

Cloning of genes governing the deoxysugar portion of the erythromycin biosynthesis pathway in Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Streptomyces erythreus).

Genes that govern the formation of deoxysugars or their attachment to erythronolide B and 3 alpha-mycarosyl erythronolide B, intermediates of the biosynthesis of the 14-membered macrolide antibiotic erythromycin, were cloned from Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly Streptomyces erythreus). Segments of DNA that complement the eryB25, eryB26, eryB46, eryC1-60, and eryD24 mutations blocking the formation of erythronolide B or 3 alpha-mycarosyl erythronolide B, when cloned in Escherichia coli-Streptomyces shuttle cosmids or plasmid vectors that can transform S. erythraea, were located in a ca. 18-kilobase-pair region upstream of the erythromycin resistance (ermE) gene. The eryC1 gene lies just to the 5' side of ermE, and one (or possibly two) eryB gene is approximately 12 kilobase pairs farther upstream. Another eryB gene may be in the same region, while an additional eryB mutation appears to be located elsewhere. The eryD gene lies between the eryB and eryC1 genes and may regulate their function on the basis of the phenotype of an EryD- mutant.     

Concanavalin A receptor(s) possibly interacts with at least two kinds of GTP-binding proteins in murine thymocytes

A part of the GTP gamma S-binding activity in murine thymocyte membranes was found to have affinity to a concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose column. The material was identified as Gi (inhibitory GTP-binding protein) on the basis of the molecular weight and by islet activating protein-dependent ADP-ribosylation and anti-alpha i (alpha subunit of Gi) immunoblotting. However, when the membranes prepared from Con A-stimulated thymocytes were used, no GTP gamma S-binding activity was detected in the Con A-bound fraction, suggesting that Gi physically and specifically associated with Con A acceptors dissociates upon Con A stimulation. Furthermore, another GTP gamma S-binding protein (25 kDa), which is quite similar to a novel phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC)-associated G protein in calf thymocytes (Wang, P., Toyoshima, S., & Osawa, T. (1988) J. Biochem. 103, 137-142), was detected among the Con A-Sepharose-bound proteins with the chemical cross-linking technique. When the 40 kDa and 25 kDa G proteins associated with Con A receptor(s) were isolated and their direct effects on the activity of partially purified PI-PLC as to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis were examined, the 25 kDa G protein was found to enhance the PI-PLC activity more effectively. On the other hand, pretreatment of cells with islet-activating protein completely abolished the inhibitory effect of Con A on the prostaglandin E1 and isoproterenol-induced increases of cellular cAMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)